. , , ,

,,,

, /, /, , , —

-+ - 181089

181089 20-頠 (), n- - [4, 5, 15]. 5,5*5,5 2.5 +5 . 40- . 15 .

181089 ( 89) 8688, 58080. 1810 ( ). 89 , . , 1,25 / 5 . , .

89 , 5 20-, 4 16- 4- . . 16- . 20 , 1 . 16 /. . , , , ( ), ( ).

89 53 , , . 16- 8- . 89 , Multibus.

181089: 0...70 , -0.3 ...+7. - - . 1

181089

min

"0" ,

-0,5

+0,8

"1" ,

2,0

6,0

"0" ,

-

0,45

I=2,0

"1" ,

2,4

I=-0.4

,

-

350

=25

,

-

10

U=5

,

-

10

0,45£U ³5

"0" ,

-0,5

+0,6

"1" ,

3,6

6,0

( - , ADO - AD15, RQ/GT),

-

F=1M

/ ADO - AD15, RQ/GT.

-

F=1M

AD15-AD0 - . S2, SI, SO. , , . AD15AD8 ( ) 8- 16- ( 1).

A19/S6, A18/S5, A17/S4, A16/S3 - . (1), , : S6=S5=1 - -; S4=0, -; S4=l ; S3=0 1; S3=l 2. .

- . () , D15 D8. . . ( 86 87) , .

S2-S0 - 89, . : S2S1S0=000 ; 001- ; 010 -; 100- ; 101- ; 101 ; 110- ; 111 . 01l . -. 4 , . 3 W . S2, SI, SO .

READY , , , . 181084.

LOCK () . 181089, . TSL. LOCK .

RESET ( ) .

CLK 181084.

. . SEL.

SEL , ( ) (/) . SEL (1 2), .

DRQ1, DRQ2 . , 1 2 .

RQ/GT / / , ,   .

SINTR1, SINTR2 1 2 . 181059. , () .

1, 2 1 2 . - , .

- , . 89 , . . .

(), 1 64 ( 4.2). , , () ,

() . , , () () . , , , ( 20 , ), , , ( 16 - ).


. 2 -.

-, , . (. 3 ) . / RQ/GT. , . 3,,
, . 181089



.

3. () ()

( 4) , 20- . ( 16- 16-, 20- .)

() . ( , , .), , , . , , ; . 23 , CLK ( ). , . , , , , , , . , , .

4. 69

() 8- 16- , , . 20 - . , , , , 8- 16- .

, . , . , 8- 16- , 16- . 16- 8- . , / .

. ,

. 5.

. . . 5. , ( Y) . Y, , . , , , .

, . -, (, JMP, JNZ, CALL) , , . . -, 6- LPDI, : , . 8- , , .

() , . ( TAG ), , ( ) . ( , ..) S2 S0 (. 2). 181088 , (/ ) (, ..). LLIBB. .

S2SISO

000

001

010

011

100

101

110

111

-

-

-

2.

( ) : 8 16 , (86/88). , . . - 16- , 16- . 8-, 8- 16- . 16- , 16- , , .

- . 8- 8- , 16- 8- 16-. 8- 16- 16- . . 3 .

3

:

8:8

8:

8

16: (8/16)

16:

(6/16)

8:8

8:

8

16: (8/16)

16;

(8/16)

8:8

16:

(8/16)

16; (8/16)

8:

8

- . , .

.

RQ/GT , 89 86, . 181089. , , LOCK. : 1) TSL (Test and Set Lock );

2) LOCK - .

ࠠ ⠠ ࠠ . 87 (. . 4) . - , , . , 89 : 1 2. : , , - .

- . DRQ, . - , EXT. ( ) , . , - .

SINTR . , .

- , . (. 6), TAG, . . 4.

4

-

GA

GB

GC

>>

TP

IX

-

GA . , . - GA .

GB GA. GA - , GB , .

GC . - , . , , GC . .

. ( ) . 89 , TP , CALL. - ( IP 86) .

6. ࠠ . 7 堠 ⠠ -


, .

. (. . 4). PP. . - .

IX . , . , IX , . - IX .

. - , . , , .

. - . ( ) . , , (. 7). , ( - ), ( ) .

- . . . 8. - :

F () , ;

TR () ;

SYN () ;

S () (GA GB) ;

L () .

:

TS , ;

՗ ();

();

TMC .

8.

-, .

5

-

F (

00

)

01

10

11

TR ()

0

1

SYN ()

00

01

10

11

S ()

0

GA

1

0

L()

0

LOCK

1

LOCK

(

0

)

1

TS (

0

)

1

(

00

)

01

0

10

4

11

8

(

00

)

01

()=0 0

10

()=0 4

11

()=0 8

(

000

-

-

001

0

)

010

4

oil

8

100

101

 0

110

4

III

8

, 0, 4 8 -. , (.9). TS == 1 .

. 9 . 10 -

-. .

G 4- : GA, GB, GC (. . 6). (. . 5), TAG , ( ) , . TAG=0 , (20- ); TAG=1 (16- ); TAG, , , .

GA, GB GC , TAG - (. . 5).

PSW, , - SW (. 10). 8 D = 0 16 D= 1. 8 . 1 , , , . , IS=1, -IS=0. =1 . XF=1, -. . , PSW , , PSW .

1810 84

() 181084 181086 , READY Multibus. (. 11, 12) (OSR, CLK, CLK) , (RESET) (READY);

C : CLK,- , OSC , , , . , : Eefi = 3FCLK= 6Fpclk .

11 .

, XI, 2, , - , EFI.

F/C. , (SGN), F/C - .

RESET , , RESET CLK. RES RC-, (. 13).

. 13

.12 .

(CSYNC), , . D- SYNC EFI (. 14). , , ( OSC CLK PCLK ).

. 14. CSYNC.

(READY). READY 181086 . . , Multibus, RDY1, AEN1, RDY2, AEN2, . RDY , , . AEN READY RDY, . (F) READY LK, READY . . 14.

. 14

58072

() 58072 4 , FM MFM , . , 580, 1810, 1821; , , ; , .

.

RESET . , .

RD- . RD=0 .

WR-. WR=0 .

CS- . . CS=0 RD WR.

0- , (0=0), (0=1).

DB7 DBO .

DRQ . DRQ=1 .

DACK . , , Ϡ z-.

. = 1 .

IDX , .

INT --- .

CLK , (4 8 ).

WR CLK . , F=500 F=l , 250 . , .

DW ---- , .

RD DATA --- .

VCO , , .

WE , .

MFM --- . MFM=1 , MFM=0.

HD SEL . HD SEL=1 1; HD SEL = 0 0.

DSI, DSO , , .

WR DATA .

PSI, PSO, , MFM

FLT/TRKO / 0, 0 .

WP/TS /, , .

RDY .

HDL , .

FD/STP - /, .

LCT/DIR / , .

RW/SEEK //, , , .

Ucc - .

GND .

( 15,16) : , ; , , .

15. 72

.

/ RIO 0=1 . , . , .

RS , . RS . 17. , 0=0. D3 DO ; D4 /; D5 , D6 ( ); D7 RIO .

RI RO / . . DW, VCO. WE . , , WR CLK. / 32 ( 4 ).

. 16.

/ : . 181037,

DRQ DACK (). INT , .

17. - .

BRC (), . BRC (ST3 STO), . , , .

1.

. , . .

, , , , BBS ( ), , BBS , , ( ) . , (RelCom, FidoNet) , . , , .

:

      , ;

      ;

      .

- .

2.

. . - RS-232-C. , . , , IRQ ( ) . (COM1,COM2, ..).

RS-232-C ( EIA ) .

IBM PC RS-232-C ; , , , RS-232-C .

. :

      ;

      , , , ;

      , FastWire II Norton Commander;

      ;

      ;

, . . , . .

, . , , .

- .

.

( Emile Baudot - .). . / , .

3.

. , , .

, . , . .

INTEL 8250 - INTEL 16450,16550,16550A. ࠠ ࠠ ( UART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter). , /.

8250 . , . .

, UART .

. RS-232-C, DB-25 DB-9. 25, 9 .

DB25

| ࠠ |

| ( ) |

---------------------------------------------------------------

1 (Frame Ground,FG) -

2 (Transmitted Data,TD)

3 (Received Data,RD)

4 (Request to send,RTS)

5 (Clear to Send,CTS)

6 (Data Set Ready,DSR)

7 (Signal Ground,SG) -

8

(Data Carrier Detect,DCD)

9-19

20

(Data Terminal Ready,DTR)

21

22 (Ring Indicator,RI)

23-25

DB9

- | ࠠ |

| ( ) |

---------------------------------------------------------------

1

(Data Carrier Detect,DCD)

2 (Received Data,RD)

3 (Transmitted Data,TD)

4

(Data Terminal Ready,DTR)

5 (Signal Ground,SG) -

6 (Data Set Ready,DSR)

7 (Request to send,RTS)

8 (Clear to Send,CTS)

9 (Ring Indicator,RI)

RS-232-C : DTE (Data Terminal Equipment - -) DCE (Data Communication Equipment - ).   , , . , , .

RS-232-C

TD RD DTE DCE -. DTE TD , RD . , DCE TD , RD . .

RS-232-C

- , , . DTR-DTR DTR-DCE.

RS-232-C 15,24 . . .

110 - 1524 / 914,4

300 - 1524 / 914,4

1200 - 914,4 / 914,4

2400 - 304,8 / 152,4

4800 - 304,8 / 76,2

9600 - 76,2 / 76,2

- , - , - .

-15..-3 , +3..+15 . -3 +3 .

4.

, POST BIOS RS-232-C . BIOS . BIOS 0000:0400h.

COM1 3F8h 3F8h 3FFh. COM2 2F8h 2F8h..2FFh.

:

COM1,COM3 - IRQ4

COM2,COM4 - IRQ3

7 :

)

-

RS-232-C .

. .

( base_adr+3, base_adr RS-232-C) . , . , . , . base_adr+1.

, , 115200 , 14 .

)

, ( 1 ) .

)

, -

)

. -

UART : , , BREAK, ().

)

DTR, RTS , - OUT1 OUT2, .

)

,

UART.

)

, .

5.

, , 300 /, - , .

ꠠ hayes- . Hayes - . IBM PC/XT/AT, PS/2 .

, , , . , - .

: , , , / , , , , ( , , , ). , , .

, , . (CCITT) :

CCITT V.21 - 300 bps. , , .

. .

CCITT V.22 - 1200 bps. , , - . - , . . Ƞ . .

CCITT V.22bis - 2400 bps. , 2400 bps. 2400 bps , 1200 - . 1200 bps CCITT V.22bis CCITT V.22.

CCITT V.23 - 600/1200 bps. , .  - 600/1200 bps, - 75 bps. CCITT V.21, V.22, V.22bis.

6.

Hayes Smartmodem, , , , - . , , hayes-, AT-.

AT- , .

, , AT (ATtention - ) ( ). / Escape-- +++ AT.

AT . , , . , .

, , , 40 . , , . ( ). . .

MR Modem Ready - . , .

TR Terminal Ready - . , DTR.

CD Carrier Detect - , . , .

SD Send Data - , .

RD Receave Data - ,

HS High Speed - .

AA Auto Answer - . . , .

OH Off-Hook - , ( ).

AT - () . .

A - . (S0=0), . ( ) .

A/ - . AT , . AT A/ , ERROR.

Bn - , . 300 / BELL 103 CCITT V.21, 1200 bps - BELL 212A CCITT V.22bis. 2400 bps CCITT V.22. n=0, CCITT V.21/V.22, n=1 - BELL 103/212A.

Ds - . . AT, D , : P T. ( ).

, - . S8.

; - , , .

@ - . , , S7. , NO ANSWER.

S - , . , .

R - . .

W - . S7. , NO DIALTONE. .

Fn - / . n=0 , n=1 - .

Hn - . n=0, , n=1, .

Ln - :

n=0,1 , n=2 - n=3 - .

Mn - . n=0 . n=1 . n=2 . n=3 .

Qn - AT-. n=0 , n=1 . Q0 Q1 S-, , .

Sr? - , r.

Sr=n - r n.

n 0 255. S-. S- , S.

Vn - AT-.

n=0 , n=1 . .

Yn - . : , DTR , , BREAK. ATH0 BREAK, 4. n=0 , n=1 BREAK.

Z - . , . , , , .

+++ - Escape-, . . Escape-. S12.

&F - , .

&Gn - / . n=0 - , n=1 - 550 Hz, n=2 - 1800 Hz. .

&Ln - . n=0 () , n=1 .

&Mn - / . n=0 , n=1,2,3 .

&Pn - . n=0 - / 39/61 (), n=1 - 33/67 ().

&Sn - DSR RS-232-C. n=0 DSR , n=1 DSR .

) COM-

COM-, -

. UART, . , . , .

.

)

AT- -,

. - - , ..

)

(ATD).

. AT S0=1 . , , .

)

, , -

. , (- ATD), :

CONNECT

BUSY

NO DIALTONE

NO ANSWER

NO CARRIER

, RING, S0 . . S0 , :

CONNECT

NO DIALTONE

NO CARRIER

CONNECT ,, . , -, , , . , , , -, .

BUSY, NO DIALTONE, NO ANSWER, NO CARRIER , .

)

(ATH0). Escape- +++. , -.

) DTR RTS

DTR RTS , COM-.

. , .

7.

, , , . , .

, , , .

: () 16-20000 , . , , . . , , . .

, . . MNP 30% , .

8.

.

ASCII.

. - . , - . , .

XModem.

XModem:

      Xmodem

      Xmodem c CRC

      1K Xmodem

Xmodem (Ward Christensen) 1977 . . .

Xmodem : 8- , . - , .. .

Xmodem Cheksum 128 . . , . , .

. 256 , .

Xmodem c CRC. Xmodem CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check). Xmodem CRC - . 8- 16- . , 99,9984%. 700 CRC-. Xmodem CRC 128 .

1K Xmodem. , 1 Xmodem 128 1024 . . . 1K Xmodem Xmodem CRC.

Ymodem.

Ymodem 1984-1985 .

Ymodem 1K Xmodem, : Ymodem .

Ymodem - Ymodem G. Ymodem G , . , MNP- MNP. , .. . , .

9. -

- . , . - .

- .

, - , . , Quick Link II Fax - - : , TIFF, IMG GEM Artline Ventura Pablisher, BMP Microsoft Windows, CUT Dr.Halo PCX Paintbrush.

.

- .

 

ߠ 19

:

,

/,

/,

,

, .

: . . -861 . .

: . . .

1996

 

 

 

:

1. / 1810 89

2. 1810 84

3. 58072.

4.

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9 -

-+ - 181089 181089 20-頠

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :