. , , ,

,,,

() (). , , , , . (Natural Language Processing, NLP) , , .

, , :

 

 

- - . :

 

 

- - . NLP , , . NLP : .

, , , , . . , , , , . , .

, . .

NLP. NLP , -. , , , . , NLP , . , , , .

NLP , . , , , ( ). , .

NLP . :

  Time flies like an arrow , , , , .. flies .

  The man went to the bank to get some money and jumped in bank , .

  in He ran the mile in four minutes/He ran the mile in the Olympics , , .. .

  table cake - it I took the cake from the table and ate it.

  Literalness): Can you open the door? I feel cold , . yes/no, .

, NLP - - . NLP . , Jack took the bread from the supermarket shelf, paid for it, and left , What did Jack pay for?, What did Jack leave? Did Jack have the bread with him when he left? , .

NLP , .. . , , , terminals How many terminals are there in the order?.

, , , , .

. : (Pattern Matching), , , , (Wait And See), (Word Expert), , (Skimming) . , .

. , . - , . . . , . , , , , :

X Y:

- ?

?

, ?

X Y :

, Y ?

, Y , ?

, Y . ?

:

.:

.

1-

.:

- ?

1-

.:

, .

2- , Y=

.:

, ?

2-

.:

.

2- , Y=

.:

, , ? ..

2-

. , . , , .

- . . - - , S=NP+VP VP=V+NP , . - , . - , , , . , : - , - . , .. , . , , - NLP.

. , NLP. , , , , .. .

. (Bobrow), (Fraser) (Woods) - . , (.. ) (), . (). , ( ), , , , The rabbit nibbles the carrot ( ). , , - (NP), (by). LISP =, .

. , . . . the rabbit , , (Aux, 1), (NP, 2). the rabbit Subj, TypeDeclarative, .. , . , , LISP. , , the rabbit - . . nibbles - - ( V ), nibbles V. , . the carrot, 6 ( 5 6 ), the carrot Obj. ( , The carrot was nibbled by the rabbit). , () Subj, Type, V Obj, , - (, ).

:

 

 

 

 

 

. , , , , . , . Ladder, . :


S the of

what is|[can you] tell me

the | class ship

, Can you tell me the class of the Enterprise? (Enterprise - ). .

, , -, , -, . - , ( ).

. NLP. . - NLP, .. - ( ), ( ).

(), . , , , .. , , , .

:

[

[

: < , >

: <, >

: <, >

: < - >

: < ( ) >

: <, >

: <, >

: < , >

]]

, :

[

[

:

:

: ]

[

:

: ]

]

, . , - . , - .

NLP . , . , .

, (1) (2), , , Atrans, :




(1)

(2)

[Atrans

[Atrans

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

: ]

: ]

.

. , , - <->=||...

:

 

 

 

 

 

:

 

 

 

. , , , , , , , .

. , , : , ; , .

. , , :

 

 

 

 

, - , .

, , .

, , , , , - .

Encyclopaedia of Artificial Intelligence. Entry Natural Language Understanding, pp. 660-677

() (). , , ,

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :