. , , ,

,,,

-

( )

:

. 7-126 ..

2003 .


TOC o h z 1. . PAGEREF _Toc55832554 h 3

1.1 . PAGEREF _Toc55832555 h 3

1.2 PLC-. PAGEREF _Toc55832556 h 5

1.2.1 . PAGEREF _Toc55832557 h 6

1.2.2 .. PAGEREF _Toc55832558 h 8

1.2.3 PLC-. PAGEREF _Toc55832559 h 8

2. PLC-, . PAGEREF _Toc55832560 h 9

2.1 PLC.. PAGEREF _Toc55832561 h 9

2.2 . PAGEREF _Toc55832562 h 10

2.2.1 . PAGEREF _Toc55832563 h 10

2.2.2 . PAGEREF _Toc55832564 h 10

) . PAGEREF _Toc55832565 h 10

) . PAGEREF _Toc55832566 h 11

) , . PAGEREF _Toc55832567 h 11

3. PLC-.. PAGEREF _Toc55832568 h 13

3.1 PLC-. PAGEREF _Toc55832569 h 13

3.2 . PAGEREF _Toc55832570 h 13

3.2.1 . PAGEREF _Toc55832571 h 13

3.2.2 . PAGEREF _Toc55832572 h 14

3.2.3 . PAGEREF _Toc55832573 h 15

3.2.4 . PAGEREF _Toc55832574 h 16

3.2.5 - . PAGEREF _Toc55832575 h 16

3.3 . PAGEREF _Toc55832576 h 18

3.4 . PAGEREF _Toc55832577 h 19

3.5 . PAGEREF _Toc55832578 h 19

3.6 .. PAGEREF _Toc55832579 h 20

.. PAGEREF _Toc55832580 h 25

1.

1.1 .

(last mile) -  / . . " ". ( www.hostinfo.ru)

" " . , :

 

 

 

" " . , . , , . , . , " " . , , " " .

80- . , . , , , ISDN. " " , .

. , " ", . " " (Digital Subscriber Loop - xDSL). , . . - 30-60 .

" " " ", DSL- . . :

HDSL - ;

ADSL - ;

ISDL - ISDN ;

SDSL - ;

VDSL - Very HDSL;

RADSL - ;

UADSL - .

IDSL Ascend. ISDN . . .

HDSL-. . - , - . HDSL- . . " " (ADSL), 8 . . , ADSL .

. Fiber to the Building (FTTB) Fiber to the Zone (FTTZ). . " ". , . xDSL. " " .

. . , , . , . . , , . . - . XXI , , , .

- . - . . (ISDN).

. , . . , .

. HomePlug Powerline Alliance, 90 . , 2000 , , Intel, Motorola, Philips Panasonic. , , , , . , . 14 .

" " . . . .

" ". , , - . , . 49 249 , .

" EVN". . , 15 .

1.2 PLC-

1.2.1

PLC , 1 30 . , , . , , , EMC. -, .

PLC-:

¾ , : , , , . , .

¾ , : , , ( , ), , . .

¾ , PLC-: , .

                  

                  

                   ¾ , : , , , PLC .

¾ , PLC- : , -, , .

OSI. . , . (Spread Spectrum) , . SS- , . . . (CDMA). SS- CDMA ( , ). , SS- . - . , ( ).

:

¾                    

¾                    

¾                    

;

¾                    

.

, . .

, . ( , , ) , . . . . 1.



220


. 1 .

, ; . , .

() : . .

, . .

( ) .

1.2.2

19 , 1898 . 20 , 1950 . 110 1000 , . . 30-40 . , . 70- 20 , 3 150 . . . 90- 20 Power Line Communications (PLC). .

1.2.3 PLC-.

, , , ; , . . (. 1)

¾   

¾   

1 . ( ). 3 . 2 3 +N ( ). : , , PLC- . .

1 : , , ..

, .

1.

H-G

H-G

H-G

H-G

H-G

LAN

M M

IC

TEL TV

PC-Internet

CC

LV-G

Internet

C3

C2

B C1

Acess System

LV

LV- Cn -

CC- 蠠 LAN

B 򻠠 IC

LV-G M -

H-G

R -

2. PLC-,

2.1 PLC

PLC , . PL . , . :

¾           

¾           

¾           

¾           

, . , .

2.2 .

2.2.1 .

PLC-, , :

                  

¾ .

¾ , , (bit error rate ¾ BER), .

¾ , , .

                  

                  

2.2.2 .

) .

, PLC-, , , , 50- .

PLC- , , . PLC-, , . , . , . , PLC-, .

( , ) ( 1000 ) , .

) .

.

:

CENELEC)

ETSI)

CISPR)

, (, , PLC- ) :

     CEPT) (ERO)

     ITU)

, (IEEE), ( : 50-450).

, CEPT, PLC-. , ( PLC- ¾ ¾ ).

, , , , .

) , .

, , , (, , ) , 80- . , , , , ¾ ( EN 50065) .

PLC- ( 1999).

PLC- CENELEC ETSI (ETSI: EP PLT, CENELEC: SC 205A WG10), WG. CEPT CISPR, .

:

             TS 101 867:2000-11, ETSI, , , . (1,6-30 ) : , ¾ .

             CENELEC prEN 59013, ETSI TS ¾ 13,5 10 ETSI TS.

, , prEN.

PLT- , PLT- , .

       PSD- TS 101 896:2001-02, ETSI, .

       CENELEC, ((/)) 10 , . .

, , :

       Nutzungsbestimmung NB30, Regulierungsbehörde für Tele-kommunikation und Post (RegTP), , 1999 , Deutche Bundesrat 30 2001. . 9 3 :

¾            .

¾           

¾           

                   NB30.

, PLC-, ¾ EN 55022. 150 30 , CIPSR 22, ( ()). , , , NB 30, PLC-, 300 . PLC-, . CISPR CISPR 22, , PLC- CISPR 22.

3. PLC-

3.1 PLC-

, PLC- , . , , : . :

¾   

¾   

¾   

¾   

¾   

¾   

¾   

¾   

¾   

. , , : , , , , . , . .

3.2 .

3.2.1

PLC- , . 1-30 .

:

¾   

2. PLC (Chimney) NB30 ().

()

1810

3500

7000

10100

14000

18055

21000

24890

28000

()

1850

3800

7100

10150

14350

18168

21450

24990

29700

¾   

¾   

3.2.5. , . 2.

3.2.2

50/60- .

, . . 3 ( ) 300- : 20 1 , 80 20 .

3. 300- .

:

蠠 堠

1-30

:

40-80 300

蠠 40-80 300

80 50

, . .

3.2.3

. . 3 ( ) . :

¾   

¾    ( )

¾   

: , , , .. . , , , CISPR 16 ( 9 , ). :

¾    <20 <30 )

¾   

. .

3.2.4 .

PLC- , . 0,15 80 EMC. , PLC (. 5.6 ) .

3.2.5 - .

PLC- , , , , . , 1-30 , 300-10 , , , .. , PL-, .

:

¾   

¾    N+G) , N- . .

, , ..

PLC- : . 4 , PLC-, . , .

4. , .

PLC- , . , , PLC- . , , , . , . , . . 1,3, 10 .

, , . :

E(f) /

kE =

U(f)

Zo (377Ω)

E(f) μV/m = H(f) μA/m*Zo 蠠 E(f) dBμV = K(f)dB μA/m + 51,5dB

: , , .

. 5 . , , , .

5. .

, :

    

     -20 40

3.3 .

PLC-, . , , ENEL , .

, PLC-.

, , :

¾   

¾   

¾    NB 30, . EN 55022, Class B ( ), .

¾   

3.4 .

, , , , , .

, . OFDM- (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ), , . N f1,f2,,fN. , , , , . OFDM-, PLC, .

. , , , . .

3.5 .

, , , PLC-. , . 1 (2/c), OFDM- ( ) .

:

¾ = 100 35

= 1 ¾ 45

¾ 10

¾ 60

¾ = 45+10+60 = 115 / 0,56

¾ : -45

¾ : 115 45 = 70 30 /

().

:

¾    CISPR 22 ( 60 )

¾   

¾    NB30, , 20 . , . CISPR , , PLC .

3.6

OFDM- 802.11.

, OFDM (MultiCarrier Modulation -- MCM). MCM , (). , , . MCM- . 1.

. (Frequency Division Multiplexing -- FDM). . 2 FDM. , . .

  , , . , . . 3, "" . . 300 Hz.

OFDM . , , , . . . . -- , , . , . , (. 4).

.

802.11a 5,15--5,825 GHz 54 Mbps. , 100 MHz ( ). 100 MHz (5,15--5,25 GHz) 50 , (5,25--5,35 GHz) 250 , (5,725--5,825 GHz) -- 1 . , , , , -- .

(). . 20 MHz. , 52 300 kHz (. 5). 48 , -- . , 802.11a, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 54 Mbps. . , (Binary Phase Shift Keying -- BPSK). 125 Kbps, , 48, 6 Mbps . (QPSK) , 12 Mbps.

16- (16QAM), 4 1 Hz, 64QAM 54 Mbps. 423 Mbps 512 . , , 54 Mbps, . , 802.11b 11 Mbps , . . 33 Mbps.

OFDM-

OFDM- . , , . . (BPSK, QPSK QAM). () ( ¾ ). , (. 6).


  1. G. Goldberg. EMC PROBLEMS OF POWER LINE COMMUNICATION (PLC) SYSTEMS. 2001
  2. G.F. Bartak. POWERLINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS. NORMATIVE AND REGULATORY ASPECTS FOR THEIR APPLICATION. 2001
  3. . IEEE 802.11a ( #44, 14 - 20 2001).
  4. www.hostinfo.ru.
  5. proua.com
  6. . . 2001
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