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Whether tis nobler in the mind... —

Whether tis nobler in the mind...

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...the intellectual as exile and marginal, as amateur and as the author of a language that tries to speak the truth to power (Said 1994: XIV).

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...the attempt in these lectures is... to speak about intellectuals as precisely those figures whose public performances can neither be predicted nor compelled into some slogan, orthodox party line, or fixed dogma... Insiders promote special interests, but intellectuals should be the ones to question patriotic nationalism, corporate thinking, and a sense of class, racial or gender privilege (Said 1994: XI, XII).

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Intellectual representations are the activity itself, dependent on a kind of consciousness that is skeptical, engaged, unremittingly devoted to rational investigation nd moral judgment (Said 1994: 15).

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, (1900-1912). , , , , , , , : A religious thinker was one who based his outlook on individualism and idealism, while at the other end of the scale the revolutionary was a collectivist and materialise (Read 1979:8). .

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representation:

I say or write these things because after much reflection they are what I believe; and I also want to persuade others of this view. There is therefore this quite complicated mix between the private and the public worlds, my own history, values, writings and positions as they derive from my experiences, on the one hand, and on the other hand, how these enter into the social world where people debate and make decisions about war and freedom and justice. There is no such thing as a private intellectual, since the moment you set down words and then publish them you have entered the public world. Nor is there only a public intellectual, someone who exists just as a figurehead or spokesperson or symbol of a cause, movement or position. There is always the personal inflection and the private sensibility, and those give meaning to what is being said or written (Said 1994: 9).

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Knowing how to use language well and knowing when to intervene in language are two essential features of intellectual action; As bottom, the intellectual in my sense of the world, is neither a pacifier nor a consensus-builder, but someone whose being is staked on a critical sense, a sense of being unwilling to accept easy formulas, or ready-made cliches, or the smooth, ever-so-accommodating confirmations of what the powerful or conventional have to say, and what they do. Not just passively unwilling, but actively willing to say so in public (Said 1994: 15, 17).

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Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,

And by opposing and them?

(Shakespeare W. Hamlet. Act III, Sc. 1, 57-60).

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1-1 - . , 1989-1992. . 1-1V

.. . .: , 1989.

Barnes 1989 Barnes C. Boris Pasternak. A Literary Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989.

Fleishman 1990 Fleishman L. Boris Pasternak. The Poet and his Politics. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1990.

Read 1979 - Read C. Religion, Revolution and the Russian Intelligentsia 1900-1912. The Vekhi Debate and its Intellectual Background. London: Macmillan Press, 1979.

Said 1994 - Said Edward W. Representations of the Intellectual. The 1993 Reith Lectures. 1994.


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