,,,
MO-05-2
2006.
. WWW Web (Word-Wide Web- ). . 30 . WWW. WWW .
, ( , - ). , - - .
INTERNET - , . INTERNET 15 150 . 7 - 10%. INTERNET - , , , .
, . , , .
Internet, - , , .
, , , , Internet. .
, , . Internet , .
Internet , . , . , Internet .
- Internet. 20 . . , , , . Internet , .
1961 Defence Advanced Research Agensy (DARPA) . , ARPANET, . ARPANET. - TCP/IP. TCP/IP - , , .
ARPANET , , . 1975 ARPANET . Defence Communication Agency (DCA), Defence Information Systems Agency (DISA). ARPANET ; TCP/IP .
1983 TCP/IP, Military Standarts (MIL STD), .. , , , . DARPA Berkley Software Design - TCP/IP Berkeley(BSD) UNIX. UNIX TCP/IP.
TCP/IP , , Internet . 1983 ARPANET MILNET, Defence Data Network (DDN) . Internet : MILNET ARPANET. 1991 ARPANET , Internet , , . 1 , Internet 4 1969 3,2 1994. Internet , (Unix, VMS), TCPIP - .
Internet , , , . . Internet 100 50 . ; Internet . 30 . ! , . : Internet 22 . , , , Mosaic, Telnet FTP2. , . , Internet , . , Internet, , , . 1985 . Internet 100 . 1989 . 500. 1990 . 2218 , . 1991 . NSFNIT (National Science Foundation Network Information Center ) , . , , , 1999 . Internet 180 . . 100% .
150-200 . , . . Internet , . .
Internet , . Internet. , CompuServe America Online, Internet. 1995 . CompuServe PPP (Point to- Point Protocol- -), CompuServe Internet. CompuServe Internet, FTP (File Transfer Protocol- ) UseNet ( ), .
America Online . UseNet, World Wide Web.
, , , Internet. World Wide Web , Internet. 30 . Web-, Web- 20%. , , shell ( UNIX).
. Internet , , , . SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol ) PPP , , , . Internet , .
3.
TCP/IP. , Internet .
, (BBC) , ; Internet - TCP/IP. , Internet .
. Internet , . , , .. , Internet, , .
Internet, . : Internet .
, WAIS, Gopher World Wide Web, , .
; , . , , , , . ARPANET , . , , . , . , .
, . - , , Internet, - , . , , (file transfer protocol), FTP. FTP. , .
Internet FTP . , America Online, , . . , FTP .
Telnet, . Internet , , , .
Telnet, , , . , . , , , , .
, : , , . Internet - . , , .
? : , . , - . .
; , , , . , . , . Internet , , Internet IP-.
-. , ; . , , 2,5 / 45 /. 1 1,544 /. 3 , 45 /, 155 /.
3.7
, . (), , . , .
Internet : .
.
Telnet - . Internet . , ..
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - . . , .
NFS (Network File System) - . , .
- Internet. , . Internet - 64 .
- . Internet . .
Rsh (Remote Shell) - . Telnet, , UNIX.
Rexec (Remote Execution) - UNIX-.
Lpr - . () .
Lpq - . .
Ping - .
Talk - "" . .
Iptunnel - NetWare , Internet.
Whois - Internet. , .
Finger - .
, Internet .
Webster - .
- - , - .
- . .
- , TCPIP (Fido, Goldnet, AT50).
Internet .
Gopher - Internet, . Gopher , . Internet 2000 Gopher-, , .
Gopher , . Gopher, , . Gopher- , . VERONICA. VERONICA 500 Gopher, .
WAIS - , Gopher, . WAIS . , , WAIS -.
WAIS , .
Internet 200 WAIS - . , .
WWW - . . . , , , , , .
WWW WAIS, WWW , Gopher.
WWW WAIS WWW , . , , , .
WWW - . , Vatican Exibit " " . into.funet.fi (); into.cern.ch. () eies2.njit.edu ().
-. Internet ( ) . - . . .
. , .
World Wide Web - `` ''. (: Web W3)
- () , , , .. ( , ) () . () , , , , . WWW , - , - .. Internet WWW , telnet, e-mail, ftp, Gopher, WAIS, Archie, USENET News .. WWW , , , , , , , . Gopher, . Gopher , , . , , .. WWW , . . , , , , , , .., , . , ( , ..) .
( ) , ( , , , ..), WWW . WWW , , , . , , telnet WWW , - . , .
Internet, , (service provider). , . ( - ) , , , , , .
, , .. Internet, , , , Internet, . - , . (, ) Internet, , .
, Internet, , .., , .
Internet, - , , , (, , ), , , , , / .
( , , ) Internet , .
- : () , Freenet - () . , , Internet .
, , . , . , , Internet. , - , . , Internet: , . .
Internet . Web-, .
. Web-. .
. , .. . .
. , . Web-, . .
Web-, , . , . , - , . , . , .
, , . . Internet . .
.
Internet Explorer 5.0 . , Internet Explorer.
Internet Explorer , . . . , . , .
Internet 1orer . . : .
Internet Explorer ; .
, . Internet Explorer .
, , , . Web- , , , , . , . .
, , , . , Web-. , .
8.1
- , .
- , (). . , , , , , .
- .
(router) - , , .
- . .
- .
- , . , .
- , .
- , , .
- , ( , ..).
- ; . , ( , ) (, , ).
- . , .
- Internet.
8.2
Archie - . Internet.
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) - , Internet .
ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) - .
ARPANET - , , , Internet. .
Bps (bit per second) - . . , .
Cisco - , Cisco-Systems.
DNS (Domain Name System) - . Internet IP-.
Ethernet - . , 2 10 bps(2-10 Mbps). , TCP/IP, Ethernet Internet.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - .
-, .
- , .
FAQ (Frequently Asked Qustions) - . Internet "" .
Gopher - , Internet. .
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)- . - ; .
Internet - .
internet - .
IP (Internet Protocol) - , Internet, .
I- - 32- Internet.
Iptunnel - Internet. NetWare , Internet.
Lpr - . .
Lpq - . .
NetBlazer - , Telebit.
NetWare - , Novell; -. NetWare (IPX), TCP/IP .
NFS (Network File System) - . .
NNTP (Net News Transfer Protocol) - . .
Ping - .
POP (Post Office Protocol) - " ". . - .
PPP (Point to Point Protocol) - Internet .
, SLIP.
RAM (Random Acsess Memory) - .
RFC (Requests For Comments) - . Internet Internet.
Rexec (Remote Execution) - UNIX-.
Rsh (Remote Shell) - . Telnet, , UNIX.
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) - Internet .
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - . SMTP - , ( 20 - 30 ). Internet SMTP.
Talk - Internet. "" . .
Telnet - . Internet .
TCPIP - TCPIP Internet.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - . TCP - , Internet. (.. ), .
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - , TCP .
Unix - , Internet. : Unix-BSD, Unix-Ware, Unix-Interactive.
UUCP - Unix- . UUCP - TCP/IP, - Internet. UUCP - , .
VERONICA (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Netwide Index to Computer Archives) - Internet .
WAIS (Wide Area Information Servers) - Internet .
WWW (World Wide Web) - .
, .
Whois - Internet.
Webster - .
.
. , , , , , - , , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , - , .
. , , , . - (), . , .
. - Spiders () Bots. . . , . , 30 60% -. : (), , ...
. : , . , , "-"
:
:
Rambler
!
Yandex
!
Lycos
Punto
.ru
Weblist
Diamond
Tree
(p)
List
:
Uahoo
( )
UAportal
Ping
( )
NSearch ( )
:
AltaVista
Excite
HotBot
InfoSeek
InfoSeek Ultra
LinkStar
LinkMaster
Lycos
Magellan
OpenText
Switchboard
Webcrawler
Yahoo
All 4 One
European Directory
EZ-Find
Internet Directory
New Riders' Official World Wide Web Yellow Pages
Cyberlands Web Search
All In One Search Page
Internet Sleuth
EINet's Finding Things on the Net
ISP Internet Yellow Pages
W3 Search Engines
Home Page Directory
The WWW Worm
WebSearch
Web- , -
, . 1996 , , , . , , . : , , , .
. ( , , ). , . , , , .
Yahoo! : "" (http://spider.raser.ru) " Internet" (http://www.stars.ru).
"", 1995 (, ) , , . , , , . , . "" , . , .
"" , , , , , () Web-. "" "", , "*".
" Internet", "", , , : . , "" . . " ", " ", " ", "", " ", " ", " ", " " "". , . 40, , 3000, , , "", . - , . " Internet" .
" ( )" "", (http://proxy.menatep.elcom.ru/yp/yp_about.htm).
(search engines) . Rambler (http://www.rambler.ru), " " (http://www.openweb.ru/koi8), ! http://www.aport.ru/" " (http://search.interrussia.com) Russian Internet Search (http://www.search.ru).
" ", , , , , . , . , , "". "" , , . , , " ", "" .
" " , - Harvest. . , , URL - , title "Description", . , Web- , . , , . , , , .
Rambler
: http://www.rambler.ru
1996 . , ( ). SpyLog 20-25% .
, . "", , , . "", , , , , .
Rambler Rambler's Top 100(http://www.top100.rambler.ru/, ), . , , , .
, , . .
, . .
, , . , "" .
, "" "" - . - , "go" "went". , : , , " ".
(-, ., ., ) . " ", .
- " " - " ".
, .
-
- Rambler - . - , . - , , -, . - , - ., Doctor.ru, Mama.ru, NaKarte.ru, " ". , . Rambler , 1 2003 , .
, , .
- , Gallup Media -2. 10 , 3 . 700 . , 500 000 .
""
http://www.aport.ru/
"" 1996 - "" " ". russia.agama.com. , ... , "" , "" 11 1997 . , 10 . "" - Windows, "". "" , , , "", .
"" Windows NT, XXI , UNIX ( NT, 40-50 , Reset , ). , "" , Microsoft (MS Claster Server ), ( , , SQL- Oracle - , ).
"" , ( , ).
1998 "" 55 ( "" ""). 1999 , !, - AtRus, " -", "" "". 1999 "" AtRus , " 2000", Atrus ( "-").
" 2000" , . , "" AtRus , "" . , , .
" 2000" , Google. - " " (Page Rank), ( : , ; , , , , , ""). - , HTML- ( , , h2 h6 ). " 2000" URL. - , AtRus.
" 2000" "", Aport Top 1000 , ( , ). .
, "" ( "" Internet.ru).
, , "" - (, "" AltaVista, "Russian Search"). "" , .
"" ( "") ( 8000 300 " ").
" 2000" , "" , "" . " 2000" , . , . "" . , .
31 2000 Golden Telecom - "", "" AtRus, "--" .
2001 Golden Telecom. ( "-") "" , Golden Telecom ( "" ).
Yandex.
www.yandex.ru
www.ya.ru -
, .
1996 CompTek, , Internetcom "". "", . , - "" .
23 1997 "" -. , , . 1999 "" : " "" "". , 6 2000 , 23 2001 . , , - . , , : " " " - ...", "", FAQ . "" "" , 5 . .
"" , .
: ( ).
. 50 . , 30 , 20 . , 100 , . , 30/100 = 0,3; 30/50 = 0,6. , , .
, , , , , . - .
, (, ), ( ZDnet). , , , ( ). . . "" - (, ). , . 100 , , , . , ( ). , , .
. , "" 2000 "", , 2000 .
"", , , , , , . , "" , "" "" , . , 24 2001 , "", , .
" ", , , , .
, , , . . , ( " "). - ? , .
, . , "" " " "". - - . (|). , . , "" " | | ".
,
"" "" . , . , " " " ". . , " " " " , " ".
, , , . , . . , " ", " ".
, , " ". . ndex , , . , , " ".
"+" "-"
, , . , , . , - . , " " . "+" " +" . , , " - -".
. , , , , . ( - http://www.yandex.ru/info/syntax.html)
. , ! , (" ").
, . yandex.ru " ". . " " , , . , "" (, ).
" " , . , dog , "dog". .
TELA
: http://tela.dux.ru
TELA, - DUX, WWW, . -, MOMspider, TELA freeWAIS-sf ILIAS. , , , . , , , .
TELA , : relcom, fido7, medlux, spb . "" ( relcom.commerce.*).
: http://tela.dux.ru/news.html
, , , , Altavista ( Raging.com), 1999 . Fast Google ( Yahoo!), , "". - , - http://ricn.ru/neiron/article/?id=489.
Googl
1998 , . PageRank Google link popularity. .. . link popularity ( ). , , , , .
Google . 2 . 2000 ., -, Yahoo!, Google, , Inktomi.
Google "googol". .
Google, 1,346,966,000 .
Google 10 . . , , , . .
"cache" . , . , ().
Google , . .
AltaVista
Altavista Search 1995 . 64- Alpha APX Digital Equipment, . , Altavista 100 URL. - 20 , , "". , , , Yahoo. - - WWW , , Altavista 25 . , , . , "" , ( 12 %). - "Search" "Refine", - , , . , . Altavist'e. , Altavista . , , () , . , , (, , . .), - Altavista . , , Scala , . Altavista Refine (). Refine, , . , , . , , . , Altavista . , , , . , (, Antropomorphic). Altavista , , , ( , , WWW , ), Java/ActiveX, "" .. , Altavista , , , , , ( ), , ..
Yahoo
, , , , 2 - . Yahoo, , , Yahooligans - Yahoo , My Yahoo, E-mail , "Shop with Yahoo" ( Yahoo), MTV MTV unfURLed . , Yahoo - , Yahoo . Yahoo - , Yahoo , . Yahoo - , . , , . () , " ", " ", "More Yahoos". - Yahoo- . Yahoo Yahoo. Yahoo, "Intelligent default", Yahoo : Yahoo; Web-, Yahoo; Altavista ( ); . . Yahoo , Yahoo , Yahoo . - Yahoo . , - Yahoo . . , . - . Yahoo , Altavista. , Yahoo, Altavista, . Yahoo, , , . , , Yahoo . Yahoo , . , "options" Yahoo. - , Yahoo, Usenet E-mail , . , , , .. Yahoo , Yahoo Inc. . , Yahoo Altavista, .
InfoSeek
Sun Microsystems Ultra Enterprise 4000 2 ( 1998 ). , 14. , UltraSeek Internet ( , ).
400 . , 50 . InfoSeek AltaVista ( 31 ). , .
InfoSeek .
InfoSeek, . . () , , . , , , , . "+" , , "-" , . , , . InfoSeek , . : 21st-century-information-resources. , , , , . , . title: url:, , title:computerweek.
" " , , .
InfoSeek . . .
InfoSeek , . , , Web , . . , , , , Web-, , Web- . Internet . ImageSeek , . "football" 36 , . , .
InfoSeek , , . , , Web- InfoSeek.
, "". , . - . , , , . , , , . , , , , .
, , ... ... . - , " " 40 . , -. . , , , - .
? - , PR-, , - - , .
, , - - . , "", ( "" , ). , - , . , , , , , .
, , , , , - , , , , . . . 54 , . , , .
, , , "". "" ? , Sony, , , . ( ), - . , - "", !
Total Brand | , , : ", , ". , . , , , . |
Unique Brand | "" ( ), , , , " ". . , . |
Total-unique Brand | - . ( ), . |
, :
1.
2.
3.
.
- - . . , , . PR. - . , - . , - .
, , , - . , , , , , .
. - , . - , , . . . , Web-, . , . , - . , , . ( PR). 10 .
, - . ( , , ), (, ) (, ). , , , - .
ACT Group. . Web- , . 1/3 . 1998 Web- 1 .
, , Web- 1998 . , - , . - , . . .
? , , :
1. . - , . . . 1998 . , - , " ", . , .
- . "NPN", . . -.
""
- , , , , -.
"Elkom-Records".(www.elkomrecords.ru) "Elkom-Records" - . 10- , .
:
CD-
, , - "Elkom-Records" -, .
2. . , , . - Web-. , "", .. . , , . Kodak , "-", , , , . :
"-"
,
, , - .
, , UMC. : - , , - . , .
, . . , . , (, , , . .) , .
3. . . , , . - - . .
4. . - , - Web-, , . , Web- - Web- , ( ), - Web- - .
, , , , , , . - . , .
, , .
:
1.
200'000'000 . , , , , . , , , .
, , -.
2.
, , . . . , .
3.
" " . , , (). , , . - 7 , 24 .
4.
. - ( ). "". , , dial-up . , html-.
5.
, - . . , . , . , . "". - , , , 100 , .
:
: , ,
-
- , . , "". .
6.
(, ..), . . .
7.
("") , , , . , . , -, - .
8.
(), , , , .
" " . , , , , .
:
""
-
:
-
- www.pemz.ru , ,
9.
, . , , .
10.
- , , - . , . , . , . , , , ( ).
: ZyXEL , , .. .
"", , , , , , : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; . -, , - . - "" , , , . , .
ZyXEL, , .
, , . , .
, . , - , , . - "" , . . . Internet ( ) . , , , . ( , - " "), , , . , "" . , , - . , .
- . . , , , . , , , , .
, , Internet- (, , , news- ..).
, " " - , - , .., .. " " - . , " ", - . . , , - , . - WEB- . - , , . .
, . Studio 8, -, , .
- web-, web- " ", :
- ,
- web-, ,
- ,
- ( .. " , "" "),
- ,
- ,
- ,
- .
, -:
http://www.globalexpo.ru/reasons2.shtml
http://www.elf95.ru/
http://wd-group.narod.ru/New.htm
http://www.webs.spb.ru/concepc.html
http://www.totl.ru/index_r.htm?http%3A//totl.ru/web/info/ability.htm
http://art-tv.ru/web-studio.html
, . ( http://www.s101-b.net.ru/services.html ) S101-B Creative Design Group , , , , - , . , , , , , . , , .
, . , . . , - .
- , . , . . . , , , . , . .
www.metaproducts.com
http://www.maximumsoft.com/
http://www.kofman.vlink.ru/
http://softsearch.ru/articles/475.shtml
http://tela.dux.ru
http://www.kokoc.com/search-engines/3_runet_se-2.shtml
http://www.yandex.ru/info/syntax.html)
www.yandex.ru
http://www.aport.ru/
http://www.rambler.ru
http://spider.raser.ru
http://www.stars.ru
AltaVista
InfoSeek
http://www.amazesoft.com/rus/
http://www.aranea.kz/about/default.asp
http://www.emexsoft.ru/design/whatfor.asp
http://barhan.kot.poltava.ua/marek/design/article4.html
www.permz.ru
www.pskovkabel.ru
www.kievstar.net
www.emexsoft.ru
www.lexxo.boom.ru
www.library.by
www.zyxel.ru
www.com.ua
www.elcomrecords.ru
www.infoseek.com
http://deluxe.reget.com
www.google.yahoo.com
www.umc.com.ua
www.plastprom.ru
http://www.globalexpo.ru/reasons2.shtml
http://www.elf95.ru/
http://wd-group.narod.ru/New.htm
http://www.webs.spb.ru/concepc.html
http://www.totl.ru/index_r.htm?http%3A//totl.ru/web/info/ability.htm
http://art-tv.ru/web-studio.html
http://www.s101-b.net.ru/services.html
Studio 8
1. Internet / -. -, 1996
2. Internet /- . 1996
3. Internet / . 1996
4. Internet / 1996
5. . / - ., 1998
6. Internet. / . 1998
7. . . Internet / ., 1998
http://referat.ru/
Copyright (c) 2024 Stud-Baza.ru , , , .