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MO-05-2

2006.

. WWW Web (Word-Wide Web- ). . 30 . WWW. WWW .

, ( , - ). , - - .

1

INTERNET - , . INTERNET 15 150 . 7 - 10%. INTERNET - , , , .

, . , , .

Internet, - , , .

, , , , Internet. .

, , . Internet , .

Internet , . , . , Internet .

- Internet. 20 . . , , , . Internet , .

1. INTERNET

1961 Defence Advanced Research Agensy (DARPA) . , ARPANET, . ARPANET. - TCP/IP. TCP/IP - , , .

ARPANET , , . 1975 ARPANET . Defence Communication Agency (DCA), Defence Information Systems Agency (DISA). ARPANET ; TCP/IP .

1983 TCP/IP, Military Standarts (MIL STD), .. , , , . DARPA Berkley Software Design - TCP/IP Berkeley(BSD) UNIX. UNIX TCP/IP.

TCP/IP , , Internet . 1983 ARPANET MILNET, Defence Data Network (DDN) . Internet : MILNET ARPANET. 1991 ARPANET , Internet , , . 1 , Internet 4 1969 3,2 1994. Internet , (Unix, VMS), TCPIP - .

2.

Internet , , , . . Internet 100 50 . ; Internet . 30 . ! , . : Internet 22 . , , , Mosaic, Telnet FTP2. , . , Internet , . , Internet, , , . 1985 . Internet 100 . 1989 . 500. 1990 . 2218 , . 1991 . NSFNIT (National Science Foundation Network Information Center ) , . , , , 1999 . Internet 180 . . 100% .

150-200 . , . . Internet , . .

Internet , . Internet. , CompuServe America Online, Internet. 1995 . CompuServe PPP (Point to- Point Protocol- -), CompuServe Internet. CompuServe Internet, FTP (File Transfer Protocol- ) UseNet ( ), .

America Online . UseNet, World Wide Web.

, , , Internet. World Wide Web , Internet. 30 . Web-, Web- 20%. , , shell ( UNIX).

. Internet , , , . SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol ) PPP , , , . Internet , .

3.

TCP/IP. , Internet .

, (BBC) , ; Internet - TCP/IP. , Internet .

3.1

. Internet , . , , .. , Internet, , .

Internet, . : Internet .

, WAIS, Gopher World Wide Web, , .

; , . , , , , . ARPANET , . , , . , . , .

3.2

, . - , , Internet, - , . , , (file transfer protocol), FTP. FTP. , .

Internet FTP . , America Online, , . . , FTP .

3.3

Telnet, . Internet , , , .

Telnet, , , . , . , , , , .

3.4

, : , , . Internet - . , , .

? : , . , - . .

3.5

; , , , . , . , . Internet , , Internet IP-.

3.6

-. , ; . , , 2,5 / 45 /. 1 1,544 /. 3 , 45 /, 155 /.

3.7

, . (), , . , .

4.

Internet : .

.

Telnet - . Internet . , ..

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - . . , .

NFS (Network File System) - . , .

- Internet. , . Internet - 64 .

- . Internet . .

Rsh (Remote Shell) - . Telnet, , UNIX.

Rexec (Remote Execution) - UNIX-.

Lpr - . () .

Lpq - . .

Ping - .

Talk - "" . .

Iptunnel - NetWare , Internet.

Whois - Internet. , .

Finger - .

, Internet .

Webster - .

- - , - .

- . .

- , TCPIP (Fido, Goldnet, AT50).

Internet .

Gopher - Internet, . Gopher , . Internet 2000 Gopher-, , .

Gopher , . Gopher, , . Gopher- , . VERONICA. VERONICA 500 Gopher, .

WAIS - , Gopher, . WAIS . , , WAIS -.

WAIS , .

Internet 200 WAIS - . , .

WWW - . . . , , , , , .

WWW WAIS, WWW , Gopher.

WWW WAIS WWW , . , , , .

WWW - . , Vatican Exibit " " . into.funet.fi (); into.cern.ch. () eies2.njit.edu ().

-. Internet ( ) . - . . .

. , .

5. : WWW

World Wide Web - `` ''. (: Web W3)

- () , , , .. ( , ) () . () , , , , . WWW , - , - .. Internet WWW , telnet, e-mail, ftp, Gopher, WAIS, Archie, USENET News .. WWW , , , , , , , . Gopher, . Gopher , , . , , .. WWW , . . , , , , , , .., , . , ( , ..) .

( ) , ( , , , ..), WWW . WWW , , , . , , telnet WWW , - . , .

6.

Internet, , (service provider). , . ( - ) , , , , , .

, , .. Internet, , , , Internet, . - , . (, ) Internet, , .

, Internet, , .., , .

Internet, - , , , (, , ), , , , , / .

( , , ) Internet , .

- : () , Freenet - () . , , Internet .

, , . , . , , Internet. , - , . , Internet: , . .

7.

Internet . Web-, .

. Web-. .

. , .. . .

. , . Web-, . .

Web-, , . , . , - , . , . , .

, , . . Internet . .

.

Internet Explorer 5.0 . , Internet Explorer.

Internet Explorer , . . . , . , .

Internet 1orer . . : .

Internet Explorer ; .

, . Internet Explorer .

, , , . Web- , , , , . , . .

, , , . , Web-. , .

8.

8.1

- , .

- , (). . , , , , , .

- .

(router) - , , .

- . .

- .

- , . , .

- , .

- , , .

- , ( , ..).

- ; . , ( , ) (, , ).

- . , .

- Internet.

8.2

Archie - . Internet.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) - , Internet .

ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) - .

ARPANET - , , , Internet. .

Bps (bit per second) - . . , .

Cisco - , Cisco-Systems.

DNS (Domain Name System) - . Internet IP-.

Ethernet - . , 2 10 bps(2-10 Mbps). , TCP/IP, Ethernet Internet.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - .

-, .

- , .

FAQ (Frequently Asked Qustions) - . Internet "" .

Gopher - , Internet. .

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)- . - ; .

Internet - .

internet - .

IP (Internet Protocol) - , Internet, .

I- - 32- Internet.

Iptunnel - Internet. NetWare , Internet.

Lpr - . .

Lpq - . .

NetBlazer - , Telebit.

NetWare - , Novell; -. NetWare (IPX), TCP/IP .

NFS (Network File System) - . .

NNTP (Net News Transfer Protocol) - . .

Ping - .

POP (Post Office Protocol) - " ". . - .

PPP (Point to Point Protocol) - Internet .

, SLIP.

RAM (Random Acsess Memory) - .

RFC (Requests For Comments) - . Internet Internet.

Rexec (Remote Execution) - UNIX-.

Rsh (Remote Shell) - . Telnet, , UNIX.

SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) - Internet .

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - . SMTP - , ( 20 - 30 ). Internet SMTP.

Talk - Internet. "" . .

Telnet - . Internet .

TCPIP - TCPIP Internet.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - . TCP - , Internet. (.. ), .

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - , TCP .

Unix - , Internet. : Unix-BSD, Unix-Ware, Unix-Interactive.

UUCP - Unix- . UUCP - TCP/IP, - Internet. UUCP - , .

VERONICA (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Netwide Index to Computer Archives) - Internet .

WAIS (Wide Area Information Servers) - Internet .

WWW (World Wide Web) - .

, .

Whois - Internet.

Webster - .

.

. , , , , , - , , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , - , .

2

. , , , . - (), . , .

. - Spiders () Bots. . . , . , 30 60% -. : (), , ...

. : , . , , "-"

:

:

Rambler

!

Yandex

!

Lycos

Punto

.ru

Weblist

Diamond

Tree

(p)

List

:

Uahoo

( )

UAportal

Ping

( )

NSearch ( )

:

AltaVista

Excite

HotBot

InfoSeek

InfoSeek Ultra

LinkStar

LinkMaster

Lycos

Magellan

OpenText

Switchboard

Webcrawler

Yahoo

All 4 One

European Directory

EZ-Find

Internet Directory

New Riders' Official World Wide Web Yellow Pages

Cyberlands Web Search

All In One Search Page

Internet Sleuth

EINet's Finding Things on the Net

ISP Internet Yellow Pages

W3 Search Engines

Home Page Directory

The WWW Worm

WebSearch

Web- , -

, . 1996 , , , . , , . : , , , .

. ( , , ). , . , , , .

Yahoo! : "" (http://spider.raser.ru) " Internet" (http://www.stars.ru).

"", 1995 (, ) , , . , , , . , . "" , . , .

"" , , , , , () Web-. "" "", , "*".

" Internet", "", , , : . , "" . . " ", " ", " ", "", " ", " ", " ", " " "". , . 40, , 3000, , , "", . - , . " Internet" .

" ( )" "", (http://proxy.menatep.elcom.ru/yp/yp_about.htm).

(search engines) . Rambler (http://www.rambler.ru), " " (http://www.openweb.ru/koi8), ! http://www.aport.ru/" " (http://search.interrussia.com) Russian Internet Search (http://www.search.ru).

" ", , , , , . , . , , "". "" , , . , , " ", "" .

" " , - Harvest. . , , URL - , title "Description", . , Web- , . , , . , , , .

Rambler

: http://www.rambler.ru

1996 . , ( ). SpyLog 20-25% .

, . "", , , . "", , , , , .

Rambler Rambler's Top 100(http://www.top100.rambler.ru/, ), . , , , .

, , . .

, . .

, , . , "" .

, "" "" - . - , "go" "went". , : , , " ".

(-, ., ., ) . " ", .

- " " - " ".

, .

-

- Rambler - . - , . - , , -, . - , - ., Doctor.ru, Mama.ru, NaKarte.ru, " ". , . Rambler , 1 2003 , .

, , .

- , Gallup Media -2. 10 , 3 . 700 . , 500 000 .

""

http://www.aport.ru/

"" 1996 - "" " ". russia.agama.com. , ... , "" , "" 11 1997 . , 10 . "" - Windows, "". "" , , , "", .

"" Windows NT, XXI , UNIX ( NT, 40-50 , Reset , ). , "" , Microsoft (MS Claster Server ), ( , , SQL- Oracle - , ).

"" , ( , ).

1998 "" 55 ( "" ""). 1999 , !, - AtRus, " -", "" "". 1999 "" AtRus , " 2000", Atrus ( "-").

" 2000" , . , "" AtRus , "" . , , .

" 2000" , Google. - " " (Page Rank), ( : , ; , , , , , ""). - , HTML- ( , , h2 h6 ). " 2000" URL. - , AtRus.

" 2000" "", Aport Top 1000 , ( , ). .

, "" ( "" Internet.ru).

, , "" - (, "" AltaVista, "Russian Search"). "" , .

"" ( "") ( 8000 300 " ").

" 2000" , "" , "" . " 2000" , . , . "" . , .

31 2000 Golden Telecom - "", "" AtRus, "--" .

2001 Golden Telecom. ( "-") "" , Golden Telecom ( "" ).

Yandex.

www.yandex.ru

www.ya.ru -

, .

1996 CompTek, , Internetcom "". "", . , - "" .

23 1997 "" -. , , . 1999 "" : " "" "". , 6 2000 , 23 2001 . , , - . , , : " " " - ...", "", FAQ . "" "" , 5 . .

"" , .

: ( ).

. 50 . , 30 , 20 . , 100 , . , 30/100 = 0,3; 30/50 = 0,6. , , .

, , , , , . - .

, (, ), ( ZDnet). , , , ( ). . . "" - (, ). , . 100 , , , . , ( ). , , .

. , "" 2000 "", , 2000 .

"", , , , , , . , "" , "" "" , . , 24 2001 , "", , .

" ", , , , .

, , , . . , ( " "). - ? , .

, . , "" " " "". - - . (|). , . , "" " | | ".

,

"" "" . , . , " " " ". . , " " " " , " ".

, , , . , . . , " ", " ".

, , " ". . ndex , , . , , " ".

"+" "-"

, , . , , . , - . , " " . "+" " +" . , , " - -".

. , , , , . ( - http://www.yandex.ru/info/syntax.html)

. , ! , (" ").

, . yandex.ru " ". . " " , , . , "" (, ).

" " , . , dog , "dog". .

TELA

: http://tela.dux.ru

TELA, - DUX, WWW, . -, MOMspider, TELA freeWAIS-sf ILIAS. , , , . , , , .

TELA , : relcom, fido7, medlux, spb . "" ( relcom.commerce.*).

: http://tela.dux.ru/news.html

, , , , Altavista ( Raging.com), 1999 . Fast Google ( Yahoo!), , "". - , - http://ricn.ru/neiron/article/?id=489.

Googl

1998 , . PageRank Google link popularity. .. . link popularity ( ). , , , , .

Google . 2 . 2000 ., -, Yahoo!, Google, , Inktomi.

Google "googol". .

Google, 1,346,966,000 .

Google 10 . . , , , . .

"cache" . , . , ().

Google , . .

AltaVista

Altavista Search 1995 . 64- Alpha APX Digital Equipment, . , Altavista 100 URL. - 20 , , "". , , , Yahoo. - - WWW , , Altavista 25 . , , . , "" , ( 12 %). - "Search" "Refine", - , , . , . Altavist'e. , Altavista . , , () , . , , (, , . .), - Altavista . , , Scala , . Altavista Refine (). Refine, , . , , . , , . , Altavista . , , , . , (, Antropomorphic). Altavista , , , ( , , WWW , ), Java/ActiveX, "" .. , Altavista , , , , , ( ), , ..

Yahoo

, , , , 2 - . Yahoo, , , Yahooligans - Yahoo , My Yahoo, E-mail , "Shop with Yahoo" ( Yahoo), MTV MTV unfURLed . , Yahoo - , Yahoo . Yahoo - , Yahoo , . Yahoo - , . , , . () , " ", " ", "More Yahoos". - Yahoo- . Yahoo Yahoo. Yahoo, "Intelligent default", Yahoo : Yahoo; Web-, Yahoo; Altavista ( ); . . Yahoo , Yahoo , Yahoo . - Yahoo . , - Yahoo . . , . - . Yahoo , Altavista. , Yahoo, Altavista, . Yahoo, , , . , , Yahoo . Yahoo , . , "options" Yahoo. - , Yahoo, Usenet E-mail , . , , , .. Yahoo , Yahoo Inc. . , Yahoo Altavista, .

InfoSeek

Sun Microsystems Ultra Enterprise 4000 2 ( 1998 ). , 14. , UltraSeek Internet ( , ).

400 . , 50 . InfoSeek AltaVista ( 31 ). , .

InfoSeek .

InfoSeek, . . () , , . , , , , . "+" , , "-" , . , , . InfoSeek , . : 21st-century-information-resources. , , , , . , . title: url:, , title:computerweek.

" " , , .

InfoSeek . . .

InfoSeek , . , , Web , . . , , , , Web-, , Web- . Internet . ImageSeek , . "football" 36 , . , .

InfoSeek , , . , , Web- InfoSeek.

3

:

, "". , . - . , , , . , , , . , , , , .

, , ... ... . - , " " 40 . , -. . , , , - .

? - , PR-, , - - , .

, , - - . , "", ( "" , ). , - , . , , , , , .

, , , , , - , , , , . . . 54 , . , , .

, , , "". "" ? , Sony, , , . ( ), - . , - "", !

Total Brand , , : ", , ". , . , , , .
Unique Brand "" ( ), , , , " ". . , .
Total-unique Brand - . ( ), .

, :

1.

2.

3.

.

- - . . , , . PR. - . , - . , - .

, , , - . , , , , , .

. - , . - , , . . . , Web-, . , . , - . , , . ( PR). 10 .

, - . ( , , ), (, ) (, ). , , , - .

ACT Group. . Web- , . 1/3 . 1998 Web- 1 .

, , Web- 1998 . , - , . - , . . .

? , , :

1. . - , . . . 1998 . , - , " ", . , .

- . "NPN", . . -.

""

- , , , , -.

"Elkom-Records".(www.elkomrecords.ru) "Elkom-Records" - . 10- , .

:

CD-

, , - "Elkom-Records" -, .

2. . , , . - Web-. , "", .. . , , . Kodak , "-", , , , . :

"-"

,

, , - .

, , UMC. : - , , - . , .

, . . , . , (, , , . .) , .

3. . . , , . - - . .

4. . - , - Web-, , . , Web- - Web- , ( ), - Web- - .

, , , , , , . - . , .

, , .

:

1.

200'000'000 . , , , , . , , , .

, , -.

2.

, , . . . , .

3.

" " . , , (). , , . - 7 , 24 .

4.

. - ( ). "". , , dial-up . , html-.

5.

, - . . , . , . , . "". - , , , 100 , .

:

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6.

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7.

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9.

, . , , .

10.

- , , - . , . , . , . , , , ( ).

: ZyXEL , , .. .

"", , , , , , : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; . -, , - . - "" , , , . , .

ZyXEL, , .

, , . , .

, . , - , , . - "" , . . . Internet ( ) . , , , . ( , - " "), , , . , "" . , , - . , .

- . . , , , . , , , , .

, , Internet- (, , , news- ..).

, " " - , - , .., .. " " - . , " ", - . . , , - , . - WEB- . - , , . .

, . Studio 8, -, , .

- web-, web- " ", :

- ,

- web-, ,

- ,

- ( .. " , "" "),

- ,

- ,

- ,

- .

, -:

http://www.globalexpo.ru/reasons2.shtml

http://www.elf95.ru/

http://wd-group.narod.ru/New.htm

http://www.webs.spb.ru/concepc.html

http://www.totl.ru/index_r.htm?http%3A//totl.ru/web/info/ability.htm

http://art-tv.ru/web-studio.html

, . ( http://www.s101-b.net.ru/services.html ) S101-B Creative Design Group , , , , - , . , , , , , . , , .

, . , . . , - .

- , . , . . . , , , . , . .

www.metaproducts.com

http://www.maximumsoft.com/

http://www.kofman.vlink.ru/

http://softsearch.ru/articles/475.shtml

http://tela.dux.ru

http://www.kokoc.com/search-engines/3_runet_se-2.shtml

http://www.yandex.ru/info/syntax.html)

www.yandex.ru

http://www.aport.ru/

http://www.rambler.ru

http://spider.raser.ru

http://www.stars.ru

AltaVista

InfoSeek

http://www.amazesoft.com/rus/

http://www.aranea.kz/about/default.asp

http://www.emexsoft.ru/design/whatfor.asp

http://barhan.kot.poltava.ua/marek/design/article4.html

www.permz.ru

www.pskovkabel.ru

www.kievstar.net

www.emexsoft.ru

www.lexxo.boom.ru

www.library.by

www.zyxel.ru

www.com.ua

www.elcomrecords.ru

www.infoseek.com

http://deluxe.reget.com

www.google.yahoo.com

www.umc.com.ua

www.plastprom.ru

http://www.globalexpo.ru/reasons2.shtml

http://www.elf95.ru/

http://wd-group.narod.ru/New.htm

http://www.webs.spb.ru/concepc.html

http://www.totl.ru/index_r.htm?http%3A//totl.ru/web/info/ability.htm

http://art-tv.ru/web-studio.html

http://www.s101-b.net.ru/services.html

Studio 8

1. Internet / -. -, 1996

2. Internet /- . 1996

3. Internet / . 1996

4. Internet / 1996

5. . / - ., 1998

6. Internet. / . 1998

7. . . Internet / ., 1998

http://referat.ru/



MO-05-2 2006. .

 

 

 

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