,,,
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: - .
4
230505
4-1
. .
:
. ..
2004.
.
1.
堠 3
2. 堠 4
2.1. . ࠠ 4
2.2. ࠠ 5
2.3. 7
2.4. 蠠 8
2.5. 10
2.6. , , 10
3. - 堠 11
3.1. - 11
3.2.
12
3.3. -,
ࠠ 14
3.4.
- 蠠 15
4. 15
4.1. 15
4.2. - 21
4.3.
33
5. 33
5.1. 蠠 33
5.2. ⠠ 38
5.3. ⠠ 38
5.4.
38
6. 堠 41
7. 蠠 42
8. 堠 43
1..
, , , , , , . - , . , , . , : - , - . (, ) (, ) (, , ), , , , , . , , .
, . , , . Aer Lingus Aer Rianta. . . . , , .
2. .
2.1. . .
( 4) . - Eire (). Ireland (). Eire, Ireland.
1948 - Republic of Ireland ( ). . - Ireland. Ireland Eire land (). Eire . , .
iepvn (), , V . (Ptolemys Map), 150. louepvix (). Iuverna (). ( ) - Hibernia. Caesar, hibernus ().
- Eriu, Eire, . Eriu ( Banba Fodla) .
[1] Liffey . 1 . 21,5 . . , , , , , , . 18- , .
- 'K , , . - , , . , , , ( ).
2.2. : , .
( ) - , . , . : 29.12.1937
7 -- . , , - , . , , , , . , , .
19 . (, ) 1830 . , , (--) .
1848 (Thomas Francis Meagher), (Young Ireland). 7 , - 15 . (Daniel O'Connell). (-) "" . , , , , : " "" "". , ".
. , (--) . 1848, , , .
1848 , 1916 . (John Mitchel) " - , ", () . 1916 .
, . 1848 , , , - , , , , : , , .
1858 ( ), ( ) ( ) .
1883 , , , ( , . ). , .
() 1916 , , . , , , . , : , 18 1922 1 1922 , . " , , , ".
1937 , , , , . , , .
.
. . , . .
XIV , Brian Boru harp, " " , .
VIII 16 . , , 9 1945 .
2.3. .
- . - . 7 ( 2004 ). - - ( 1997 ). . - , (60 - 49 , 11 - -, 5- ) (166 - 5- ).
, . , , (Oireachtas) . .
,
.
, .
-.
,
113 , ,
.
, , ,
,
, , .
17 , . Stormont . 1974 .
, 26 5 . : , , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , ; , , , , , ; , , , . : .
2.4. .
25 . , , , . 10% 15% . 14,8% . - . . . . , - . . . Guinness. 391 . 1973 . 1058 . 1991 .
250000 .
2- . 35% . 83% , 28% . , . , . , , , , , .
: 1. , (, , ). 2., (, , , ).
80- , .
. ( ) , , . 800 , , 30 % , 20 % - . 38 % . 80 % .
80- , ( ) ; , . 1987-88. (3,5 % - 1990.) , .
1990. 17 % , 40 % - 25 . 30 . . .
( ) 1998. - 37 %, - 12%. 1989. - 5,3 %, - 12,8 %.
40 % . . . , - 18 % .
, , .
2.5. .
(3.917.336 ) 121 .
: 98,5%. 30 . , 8 . , 5 . . . 2000 3,647,348, 52 . . . 1840-, 6.5 , 1970, - . 1980- 0.5%, 2000 0.41%. 58 % . 2002 3.917.336 .
2.6. , .
.
:
(Gaelic). XIX ,
1891 . 85% -. -
.
.
.
.
(95%) -
, 2,8% , 0,4% - , 0,2% -
, 0,1% - .
. .
, 23%, - 19% - 4%. - 28%.
.
.
. 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 1 .
5, 10, 20, 50 100 .
1 2002 - - . 1 = 100 .
.
.
IR 300. .
3. - .
3.1. - .
- , ; . - 84 . . . . , . ( ) , 60 . , ( 60 ) . , 180-300, . 600 , ( ) . - () , . .
- , - , - -. - . . 20% , , , . ( ) 1,5% , . ( ) . - (, ).
, , , . +13º +15º , +16º ; - +5º +7º . , , . 1500 - 2500 - 750 - 1000 . .
3.2. .
, . - . , . -.
- : 53 , 9 3 , 26
, 44 1 . .
244,1 . . . (76- ). . ( 2000 .) 58991,5 . . (17- ). 242 . 1 . . 80%. 2.
: 78%, 9%, 5%, () 1,5%. , 500 . , 480 . , 400 . , 250 . , 160 . , 140 . , 130 . , 110 . , 110 . , 70 . , 70 . , 60 . , 50 . , 50 . , 45 . , 40 . , 20 . . , .
. (9,1 . .). : (2,4 . .), (2,1 . .), (1,5 . .), (1,5 . .), (1,3 . .), (1,2 . .), (1 . .), (700 . .), (550 . .), (400 . .). ( 500 . .). 90%.
. (). , , , . , (630 ) (1000 ). , -.
. , , , . : (1998 .) - 17760 (18- ).
5-
. ,
55% 90% .
(4-
), ( ).
(, , , , , , ,
.).
(1- ), (3-
), (3- ), ,
, , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
.
, , , , , , , , , , .
(3-
). .
- .
, , , .
, , , , .
.
, , , , , .
, . Visit Britain , . , 9%, - 10%.
2004 , . , , 12%: 20.8 . . , 26.3 . . , , : (-0.1% ), (+0.1% ), (+2% ), (+3% ).
, , 3%. .
3.3. -, .
. . .. , , , , . , , , . , , .
, . , .
3.4. - .
4. .
4.1. .
4.1.1. -.
- , ( 600 ), . , , . , , , - , , , .
. (819 ) (807 ) , (676 ) -, (852) (926 ) , , , , . ( - - , 1041 ) .
: , , .
(Crag Cave) , , 2.5 , 1981 . , , , . , .
"" (Aillwee cave) , "", "Ballyvaughan". 1940 . , , 2. , , .
(Marble Arch Caves) , - Enniskillen, . . . , , , .
4.1.2. .
, , "" . : , . . , .
4.1.3 .
; - ( 384 ). . Cavan[2]. Limerick[3]. 350 , 250 . , . ; . . , ; (-) . Erne, 50 .
, . , -, . . () () , , , . (Lough), (Corrib), (Mask) (Sheelin). . , . .
. , , , (coalfish), , , (turbot). : - ? : - . " " (dogfish) , .
3000 . , . .
4.1.4. .
(, ). , , , 26 , , , , , . , . 350 , . . : , . , , , , , , . - (35%), , , , .
. , , , . 15 .
. , , . - Curragh Derby Festival, Punchestown National Hunt Festival, Galway Festival Listowel Race Week.
, , , , , . , . . , .
, , . ( ) . , $US 1000000.
. 20% , , , . ( ) 1,5% , . ( ) . - (, ). Burren Clare - , . - Cork Kerry , , .
. 380- , . . . , , . 12 . , . , , .
, :
- ; - ; - ; - ; - / .
4.1.5. .
(Howth Castle Gardens) . , , . , Lawrence. XVI , 1564 , ( ). , 1850 , , , 2000 .
(Lismore Castle Gardens) . Blackwater. XIX - Joseph Paxton, (Duke of Devonshire). , 1185 . ( ) , , , . . (Edmund Spenser) , .
(Mount Stewart House) Newtownards, . XVIII . , - XIX . . , , 200 , , . 1785 (the Temple of the Winds).
(Powerscourt Garden) [4]. , 1970 , , 1730 . XIX . . , 1908 . 200 .
4.2. - .
, . , 200.
"" (Blarney Castle&Blarney Stone) [5]. - Blarney. , XVIII . MacCarthys 1446 . MacCarthys XVII . XIX , . "Blarney Stone" . : - " Blarney Stone, ". - , . , XVI MacCarthys, - Dermot .
"" (Bunratty Castle&Folk Park) . Bunratty . XVIII . . , XVIII . .
(Carrickfergus Castle) Carrickfergus, . XII , . . 1690 . , 1778 . , , . . .
(Castle Caldwell) Leggs, . . XVII , (Lower Lough Erne). . , - .
(Cloghan {Clonnoney} Castle) . - Cloghan XIX . XVII , , , Boley, Anne Boley, VIII.
(Fota House) . (Lee), (Great Island), . 1820 (Barrymore). , , XVIII - XIX . , . XVIII . , , . .
(Glin Castle) . . , 700 , , . . , 1770 , - , . . .
(King John's Castle) Limerick, . ( River Abbey River Shannon) , XIII . , , , . . , ( ), , .
(Lissadell House) [6]. Raghly, , , . XIX , , Gore-Booth, . , Henry Gore-Booth . : , , , , , , , Dail Eireann, . , , .
(Monea Castle) . Enniskillen, 1618 , . XVIII . , , . .
(Parke's Castle) (Leitrim), (Lough Gill), (Kilmore), Dromahaire, , . XVII , , . . , , 1641 - 1652 . , .
(Rock of Dunamase) (Laois). Portlaoise, Stradbally, 45 , . , . (King of Leinster). XII , , -, . . 1250 XV . , , XIII .
(Scrabo) Newtownards, . , , . , 1857 . , , , , XIX . (Strangford Lough).
(Westport House) (Mayo). Westport , 1730 James Wyatt . 1778 , . , , , . / Clew Bay. .
(Donegal Castle) . , XV , , , . Red Hugh II 1505 . O'Donnells. , . , XVII , Basil Brooke, , .
(Dunsoghly Castle) , Finglas, . XV , . 1573 , .
"" (Belleek Pottery) , "Belleek", 1857 - John Caldwell Bloomfield, "" (Castle Caldwell). , - , , , . " ". 10 . , .
"" (Caher Castle) . Caher . River Suit, Galty Mountains. XV . 1840 . , . 1650 . , . .
(Clonalis House) , , (Oscar Wilde) - (William Wilde), , , , , , , , , , . XIX . O'Conor Don, , XII . , O'Conor Don.
(Castletown House) Celbridge, , , 1772 - . . . , , . .
(Dunluce Castle) , - Bushmills, , , , . , Macquillan XVII . Mc Donnells. , XIII , XVII .
(Dublin Castle) , XII , , . , 1922 .
, , , , . .
, , . XVIII . , . Upper Castle Yard.
XVIII . , ( ), , . (Most Holy Trinity), , .
(Graianan of Aileach) - Newtowncunningham, Greenan Mountain. , , , . , , . , Aileach, . .
(Russborough House) Blessington, , . 1740 (Joseph Lesson), . . , .
(Castle Coole) . . , , XVIII . , , , . .
(King John's Castle) Carlingford, . Carlingford Cooley Peninsula. ( 1935 ) Carlingford Lough. , XII , , . , Hugh de Lacy. - . , . - .
(Thoor Ballylee) [7]. - " ", XVI , , - Gort. . 1920 . The Tower. , , . 1965 , .
. - V . . , . , ,
Stradbally, Laois. , Marks Blessing, 1993 - 1995 Laois. , . Stradbally 570 .
. 2 . .
. " " 1865 ., . 1981 .
, , 1680 .
. , , , , . , 1890 , . , 2000 . . . . "" - "O" " ", " " - , " " (800 - 1200 . . .), " " - .
- . I 1592 ., (1591 .). "" - , 800 . . ., . .
- 1851 , , , XVIII , , ( 40- ), .
. 18- 24- , , . 2,5 . , .
- - (1880 .), -, IV - , 1845 , - , . , 1796 .
. , . , - .
--, , , , 5 . .
(--) - , , XVII . ( - 11 ., - 85 .) , - 97- .
, , , (21 ), 17 ( - 1 ., - 16 .), , ( ). , 6 . . , .
3 . . --. , . , , . , . "" , . - p. , , " " - pp , .
p pp , . - .
, . , , . 5 . . . , . .
, , - . . , , . , ( - , ), XIX- , , .
, . " " -, 7 - Jameson ( ). - Jameson , " .
(Guinness brewery) 1759 . , . , , , , , .
, . , , . . , , , , . , " ", .
, - , - , . XVIII- - ( 1788 .) . , ( ).
, , , , , , , . "" , , , . - .
4.3. .
, , . 2000. 42 . , 20 . . (36 %), (22,0 %), (16 %). -, .
5. .
5.1. .
5.1.1. .
(1 ). 6,3%. 91 . . , 60% .
5.1.2. .
, , . 2003 6,6% 2004 . , . 2003 4%, 5% . 94% . , 15%.
5.1.3. .
. , , , , , . ( ), , , .
, . 66% ( 1996-1997 .). 77%, 90%. 1990. 2000. 1,5 . .
, - , , , .
"luxe" , : (, , , ), , , , , , .
- , B&B ("bed and breakfast"-" "). (, , , ) , - ( ).
:
Hotel Conrad International *****
: , . The Alexandra Plurabelle Brasserie Alfie Byrnes.
: 191 (, , ), 9 : TV, , , , , , , , , 2 .
: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
Brooks Hotel****
:
, ,
. Brooks - , ,
. , Butter Lane,
, " " .
Brooks 21 .
: 75 , , , , .
: ; ; ; ; ( , ); .
Regency ***
: . Shanard, .
: 9 10 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; , .
Celtic Lodge Guesthouse **
,
, .
Temple Bar ,
, , , Christchurch, Dublin Castle,
.
: 25 ,
, TV, , .
,
.
: ; ; ; .
Auvergne Lodge B&B
: , , Lough Derg. .
: 4 , , .
: ; , ; ; ; ; 5 ; 5 ; 5 .
, , . , 86% , , , . , , , , , . Eamonn McKeon, CERT, , , . . , 2% , , 12% , 22% . , .
. . . 31,1% . . . , . 3,9 , , 2,4 5,9 - ; - 148 . . - 999.
, 10 (100 ). , , , . , National Health Service ( - General Medicine Service), .
, . . : (Standard Class) - 2 , (Super Standard Class) - 1 .
(DART) 25- . . 15 - 20 , 06.00. 23.45. DART. . , (Irish Rail) (+353-1) 836 62 22.
(Cork), (Shannon), (Kerry), (Sligo), (Galway), (Knock) [8] (Carrickfinn).
, Irish Bus, . (Irish Bus), : + 353 1 8366111.
. , . , . 06.00. 23.30. , .
, . , .
- . 5-8 . , International Identification Card Travelsave Stamp, . : USIT, 19 Aston Quay, Dublin 2.
. . . , , . - - . - .
, . : 1. IR 1.80 - , 4- , ( = 1609 ). 2. IR 0.10 - 1/8 , 1 . 3. IR 0.40 - , . 2 10 . 4. IR 0.40 - .
5.2. .
- , , , Malahide, 250 , , Malahide Howth ( Howth Dublin Wicklow).
5.3. .
: , - , . , - , . - : , , , , [9] .
5.4. .
, , . , , , . ( , -) .
Bord Failte ( ), . , , .
"Gresta Holidays" , (inclusive tours). 2000 30 . , 2001 40- .
, , . Gresta Holidays 25 .
Travelscene "Cities" "Drivetime", . . Time Off , .
, Irish Selection .
Aer Lingus Drive Ireland - .
Stena Line Iris Ferries , - - . Iris Ferries 2000 " ". 2001 - .
Grystal . SeaCat , Blakes - .
, - , , . . Update Ireland (" "), .
, . - 246- Camdem Court, 2000 . Fitzwilliam Hotel - Clarence, - U2.
. , . , , . , .
, . " " . -, - .
, - . , , .
( , , ) ( , ) .
1. . , - -.
2. . , , , .
3. . . .
- , .
6. .
, . . , , . . . , . . , .
7. .
1. www.globus.ru
2. www.ireland.ru
3. www.ITEC.com.ru
4. www.mayakinfo.ru
5. www.russiandublin.org
6. www.tourinfo.ru
7. www.tours.ru
8. www.virtualireland.ru
9. www.yandex.ru
10.
11.
12.
.1 .
[1] . .1, 12
[2] . .1, 6
[3] . .1, 17
[4] . .1, 14
[5] . .1, 22
[6] . .1, 2
[7] . .1, 10
[8] . .1, 5
[9] . .1, 21
. . . : -
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