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614.777:628.1/3
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14.02.01 㳺
2008
.. .
, , .. , 㳺 㳿 .
:
, ³ , .. , 㳺 ;
, ³ , , .
21 2008 . 14-00 26.003.01 .. (03057, . -57, , 34, -㳺 , 2).
.. : 03057, . -57, . , 1.
21 2008 .
,
..
. , - . 㳺 . , - . , , . , ( .. ., 2001; .. ., 2004; .. ., 2004).
2005 . 10 188 . 3 , - 23,6% , 8 900 . 3 , 39% , 10% ( .., 2005). , , - ( .. ., 2004; .. ., 2004).
³, : . , . . , , , , , , . , , , ( .. ., 2003; .. ., 2006; Könemann Norbert, 2003; Yun Ho-Joon et all., 2003).
, () . . ( .., .. ., 2002). .
, , . - 㳺 㳿 .. , 㳺 ᒺ , . - : -㳺 (), 0196U 023491. .
. : , .
:
1) 㳺 ;
2) - , ;
3) , ;
4) 㳺 , ;
5) . ;
6) .
ᒺ : , .
: - ; ( , , , , ); , (E. oli Shigella sonnei), ( 쳺 6).
: -, -, - .
. , 3 000 3// 5-7 .
- : (Phragmites communis L.), (Typha latifolia L.), (Typha angustifolia L), (Acorus calamus L.), (Scirpus lacustris L.), (Lemna minor L.) . , , - . , , .
, - - 40% .
. -㳺 , , .
- , , , .
, , - () . ʳ . 5 .3/. ϳ .
. , . - . .
䳿 , , .
-㳺 , , . , , . 5 .3/ . , , .
. - : IV - . , , (, 2002); ̳ - ղ . , (, 2003); 58 - .. (, 2003); (, 2004), 쳺; ղV 璿 㳺 : ó㳺 (, 2004); (, 2004); 59 - .. (, 2005).
. 14 , 4 , . 1 , 1 , 1 , 3 .
. 244 , 6 , , , 14 18 , 5 , 287 .
̲
, . - , , -, - - .
. , . ᒺ - - 1 3, - 500 3 .
- : , , , (), , , 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 볺+ ( .., 1984 .).
- , - ( 17.1.5.02-80. . .
㳿 㳿 ..., ... .. IJ, ..., ... .. .
; - 2285-81, 19 1981 .). - , ( .. . 㳿. , 1995).
E. oli : (-111 L+ -124 L‑) Shigella sonnei. - 쳺 (-712 Ch, 2 ab) 6 ( Hammon), 쳺 (, . ). ³ Hep-2 199 . , 䳿 - . - , . ( .., 1974).
( .. ., 1962; .., 1980; .. ., 2001). (), (m), (), t- <0,05. (PENTIUM-4) Statistica for Windows 5.0, Stat Soft and Inc. 1984-1995, . 1 560 - , 610 - 184 . .
ó㳺 - . 㳺 - 1 . .
- , 1:1 000 . ; ᒺ 8,0 3, 5 ᒺ 3,0 3 , , , . 1 . - 5 .
, 40-45 . , . 1,0 . : 75 /2; 100 /2 ; 30 /2 ; 20 /2 ; 30 /2 .
ó - 3 3/2 /. , 5 33 2/3 36 2/3.
, 0,578 2/5//3 . - .
- (. 1). , 5 34,73 2/3 5,09 2/3 ( 15 2/3). 85,34% 5 . 58,16 2/3 31,15 2/3 ( 80 2/3), 46,44% . 13,58 /3 6,45 /3 ( 15 /3), 52,51% . 3,91 2/3 6,27 2/3 5 . . , 0,52 /3 - 0,39 /3 ( 0,5 /3), 0,19 /3 0,07 /3 ( 0,08 /3), 23,54 /3 19,66 /3 ( 40,0 /3).
1
- - - -
, ( ) |
||||
- |
, < |
|||
+m |
+m |
, % | ||
8,570,05 | 8,390,04 | ‑ | ||
, |
18,981,64 | 19,01,73 | ‑ | |
, /3 |
13,580,21 | 6,450,14 | 52,51 | <0,001 |
5, 2/3 |
34,730,25 | 5,090,03 | 85,34 | <0,001 |
, 2/3 |
58,160,19 | 31,150,24 | 46,44 | <0,001 |
, 2/3 |
3,910,09 | 6,270,28 | ‑ | <0,001 |
(NH4+), /3 |
0,520,06 | 0,390,03 | 25,0 | |
(NO2‑), /3 |
0,190,04 | 0,070,02 | 63,16 | <0,05 |
(NO3‑), /3 |
23,540,91 | 19,660,58 | 16,48 | <0,01 |
̳ , /3 |
6,71038,810 |
6,91023,910 |
89,66 | <0,001 |
, /3 |
7,21032,5102 |
3,01020,0 |
95,83 | <0,001 |
: 1) ; 2) m .
- . , - 6,7103 /3 6,9102 /3 ( 89,66%); 7,2103 /3 3,0102 /3 ( 95,83%).
- - , .
. .
䳿 (hlorella vulgaris, Ankistrodermus bijugatus, Scenedesmus quadricauda) (Lemna minor L.) (. 1).
ʳ (/3)
. 1. (hlorella vulgaris, Ankistrodermus bijugatus, Scenedesmus quadricauda) ‑ (Lemna minor L.) 쳺.
, . 30 73,33% 쳺 . ( ) 99,34% . , . , (90 ) .
. , (. 2).
2
쳺
/ |
(/3) |
|||||
30 | 60 | 90 |
1-2 |
2-3 |
||
1 |
2 |
3 |
||||
1. | (Acorus calamus L.) | <0,01 | <0,01 | |||
2. | (Typha latifolia et angustifolia L.) | <0,01 | <0,01 | |||
3. | (Phragmites communis Trin.) | <0,01 | <0,01 | |||
4. | (Scirpus lacustris L.) | <0,01 | <0,01 | |||
5. | − | − |
: 1) /3; 2) , %.
, 䳿 쳺 30 96,25% , 60 99,53%, 90 (100%). (. 3).
3
쳺
, % |
, /3 |
, /3 |
, % |
0,1% |
(1,2 0,7)105 |
(0,5 0,05)105 |
58,33 |
0,5% |
(1,2 0,7)105 |
(2,2 0,1)102 |
99,82 |
1% |
(1,2 0,7)105 |
(1,2 0,1)102 |
99,9 |
3% |
(1,2 0,7)105 |
0 | 100 |
5% |
(1,2 0,7)105 |
0 | 100 |
. +22 30 .
, 쳺 0,5-1,0% . 1 2 (17-20 /2) .
, - , 쳺 6. - - 8-10 . ³ , (. 4). , , . , 60 99,93% 쳺. 95,0%, 86,67%.
䳿 6, Picornaviridae. , , , .
. , 䳺 - . . oli -111 80,86%, E. oli -124 45,26%, Shigella sonnei 68,57%. +4 , .
4
쳺 -
/ |
, (/3) |
, (/3) |
, % | |
1. | (Acorus calamus L.) |
(4,200,7)105 |
(4,50,5)103 |
99,93 |
2. | (Typha latifolia L.) |
(4,200,7)105 |
(2,100,6)104 |
95,0 |
3. | (Phragmites communis) |
(4,200,7)105 |
(5,60,4)104 |
86,67 |
. 쳺 , , 60 .
, - - , .
, , : , , -, , .
, - . - ᒺ , 쳺 6. ᒺ , , (. 5). - 쳺 , - , - , . , , , 2 - 98,33% , 5 99,40%. - : 2 97,9%; 5 100%. 97,05-98,03% 2-5 , , - - , .
5
쳺
/ |
̳
|
: | ||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 |
1-2 |
2-3 |
3-4 |
4-5 |
||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
||||||
1. |
> 0,05 |
< 0,05 |
> 0,05 |
< 0,05 |
||||||
2. | ( ) |
< 0,001 |
< 0,001 |
< 0,05 |
− | |||||
3. | ( ) |
< 0,01 |
< 0,001 |
< 0,001 |
< 0,05 |
|||||
4. | ( ) |
< 0,05 |
> 0,05 |
< 0,001 |
< 0,001 |
|||||
5. |
< 0,01 |
> 0,05 |
> 0,05 |
< 0,001 |
||||||
6. |
> 0,05 |
> 0,05 |
> 0,05 |
> 0,05 |
: 1) * 쳺 , /3;
2) ** , %.
쳺 , .
. - - .
. ʳ ., : , , , , , . 60,0´189,0 , (Phragmites communis Trin.), (Typha latifolia L.) (Typha angustifolia L.), (Acorus calamus L.). . - .
, , . , 0,98 /3; 617,9 /3, 230 /3, + 369,6 /3 .
5 . , . , 5 72,2 2/3 80,8 2/3 2003-2005 ., . 5 35,5 2/3. ϳ 5 3,5 2/3 6,13 2/3 ( 15 2/3), 94,06% : → → → → → → . 131,1 2/3 30,57 2/3 ( 80 2/3), 78% . 2,5 2/3 9,4 2/3 . . 0,91 /3 0,1 /3 ( 0,5 /3). 0,31 /3 0,02 /3 ( 0,08 /3). 46,7 /3 15,8 /3 ( 40,0 /3). 7,5 /3 0,4 /3 ( 3,5 /3). 17,3 /3 3,3 /3 ( 15,0 /3). , .
-, - . . 0,85 /3 0,02 /3 . 0,7 /3 0,01 /3 . 0,89 /3 0,04 /3 ( 0,5 /3) 5 . 0,98 /3 0,03 /3 ( 0,05 /3) 5 . 617,9 /3 250,6 /3 . 226,8 /3 113,3 /3 ( 300,0 /3). 1 751,0 /3 759,4 /3 . , . .
- . - (. 2).
. 2. - - . ʳ . .
E. coli 1,1104 /3 , , E. coli 3,0 102 /3, . , , - 96,61% 99,36%. , 4,8106 /3 5,2102 /3 , 99,87-99,99% .
- - , , (ϳ 4630-88; 465 1999 . 403/6691 2002 .). - , . - , , (. 6).
6
/ |
5, 2/3 |
, 2/3 |
- , 2/3 |
- , /3: |
, /3: |
³* /3, (m) |
||
t+22C |
t+37C |
|||||||
1. | 34,6 | 58,1 | 3,59 | 120 | 1 600 |
1,1105 |
(1,00,2)103 |
|
2. | ( ) | 21,2 | 45,2 | 4,9 | 50 | 360 |
1,1105 |
(0,60,1)102 |
3. | ( ) | 14,1 | 40,6 | 6,12 | 40 | 3 500 |
1,5104 |
(0,80,03)102 |
4. | ( ) | 5,78 | 34,5 | 8,1 | 60 | 1 400 |
2,1104 |
|
5. | 3,86 | 31,1 | 8,5 | 70 | 2 200 |
3,0102 |
||
6. | ϳ 4630-88 | 3-6 | 15-30 | 4 | ‑ | ‑ |
1,0103 |
‑ |
. * 3- (m) +24.
5 34,6 2/3 3,86 2/3 . 3,59 2/3 8,5 2/3 . 5 58,1 2/3 31,1 2/3 . 120 /3 ( +22C) 1 600 /3 ( +37C). 70 /3 (+22C) 2 200 /3 ( +37C). 1,1105 /3 3,0102 /3 , (1,00,2)103 /3 .
- - , , , , ᒺ 40%.
. , , , , , , .
-㳺 . . , 500 . 7. , , 5, , , , , . . 1,5 . , 5 500 12,0 2/3, 500 11,67 2/3 . . 43,94 2/3, 42,16 2/3. 0,35/3, ( 0,5/3), 1,99 ( 3,5/3). , . .
7
. - . ( 2003-2005 .)
N / |
( ) |
̳ | 403/6691 2002 ., ( - ) | ||
. - 500 (m) |
. (m) |
. - 500 (m) |
|||
1. | 8,820,17 | 8,250,08 | 8,580,11 | ||
2. |
, /3 |
12,450,32 | 6,820,34 | 11,990,42 | 15,0 |
3. |
, /3 |
1458,1117,88 | 1205,8950,46 | 1419,9892,4 | |
4. |
, 2/3 |
9,240,58 | 6,510,25 | 9,280,62 | > 4,0 |
5. |
5, 2/3 |
12,00,12 | 4,990,18 | 11,670,12 | 15,0 |
6. |
, 2/3 |
43,943,08 | 30,970,28 | 42,163,43 | 80,0 |
7. |
(NH4),/3 |
0,290,07 | 0,350,03 | 0,290,06 | 0,5 |
8. |
(NO2), /3 |
0,0670,024 | 0,080,015 | 0,0680,021 | 0,08 |
9. |
(NO3), /3 |
5,461,69 | 22,80,9 | 6,451,68 | 40,0 |
10. |
, /3 |
2,150,17 | 1,990,24 | 2,010,13 | 3,5 |
11. |
, /3 |
550,1853,42 | 473,9724,36 | 544,251,1 | 100,0 |
12. |
, /3 |
0,670,07 | 0,410,08 | 0,650,07 | 0,05 |
13. |
, /3 |
0,0320,009 | 0,0350,003 | 0,0310,004 | 0,05 |
14. |
, /3 |
0,060,03 | 0,090,03 | 0,050,02 | - |
15. |
, /3 |
0,0570,01 | 0,0580,004 | 0,0570,009 | 0,5 |
16. |
, -/3 |
13,570,26 | 10,410,24 | 13,150,38 | |
17. |
, /3 |
334,0313,11 | 252,117,77 | 321,5216,98 | |
18. |
, /3 |
177,734,54 | 169,397,32 | 175,533,83 | 300,0 |
19. |
, /3 |
82,395,78 | 66,972,14 | 81,45,41 | |
20. |
, /3 |
114,245,83 | 86,863,32 | 110,776,49 | |
21. |
+ , /3 |
207,2524,56 | 185,5615,08 | 206,1821,41 | |
22. |
, /3 |
2,75103 1,12102 |
6,88102 2,010 |
2,26103 8,510 |
|
23. |
-, /3 |
1,91037,910 |
3,01020,0 |
1,71036,310 |
1 000 |
8,82, 8,58. 12,45 /3 11,99 /3 . 1 458,1 /3 500 1 419,98 /3 500 . 500 , , , , , , .
- , , 2,75103 /3, 2,26103 /3. - 1,9103 /3 500 , 1,7103 /3 500 . - , , .
, , . , - . . - - . , - - . , , .
, - . 㳺 .
- 㳺 , . , , .
1. 3 000 3/ / - 5 . - 5 5-8 2/3 (- 94,1%), 30,57 2/3 (78%), 0,1 /3 (99,17%), 0,4 /3 (79,3%), 3,3 /3 (93,52%). 6 8,5 2/3 ( 4 2/3) .
2. , 5 50,0 2/3, 80,0 2/3; 1,0-4,0 /3, 0,4 /3, 50,0 /3, 8,0-15 /3, 0,7 /3, 7,5-10 /3 ; - 3,0104 /3, 8,0103 /3.
3. , - , , . , 0,5-1% 쳺 99,8-99,9% 30 .
4. - . , - , . , 1,1104 /3 3,0102 /3 ( 96,61-99,36%) (1,00,2)103 /3 ( 98,03-100%) .
5. , - , (, , , , , ) , .
6. , . , . , - - . - (, , , , , , , .) .
7. , - , 40% , . . .
8. , , , - . , .
˲ ֲ
, : (* ):
1. .., .., .., .., .. // ó㳺 . 2002. 39. . 80-86. (* , , , ).
2. .., .., .., .., .., .., .. , // . 2005. 2 (33). . 13-18. (* , , ).
3. .., .., .., .., .., - .. // . 2005. 4 (35). . 14-18. (* , , , ).
4. .., .., .. 㳺 , , // . 2007. 4 (43). . 41-45. (* , , ).
:
1. 68252 , 7 2F3/32. / .., .., .. . 28.11.03. . 15.07.04. . 7. (* - , ).
:
1. .., .., .., .., .. , () // . , , : IV - . , 2002. . 170-171.
2. .. ³ // ղ . , : ̳ - . , 2003. . 17.
3. .. // : 58 - .. . , 2003. . 64.
4. .. , // : . , 2004. . 81-84.
5. .., .., .. ó㳺 // ó㳺 : ղV 璿 㳺 . , 2004. . . . 123-125.
6. .., .. .., .., .. // . , 2004.. 26, 5.. 479-484.
7. .., .., .. // . , 2004. . 341-343.
8. .. ó㳺 // / 59 - .. . , 2005. . 68.
9. : / . / . .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .. ..; ̳ , 2006. 28 .
ֲ
.. ó㳺 . .
14.02.01 㳺. .. , , 2008.
, .
- - . ʳ . 3 000 3/ / , 0,578 5/ /3 5-7 . , () , - , . , - .
: , , , , , - , .
.. . .
14.02.01 . .. , , 2008.
, .
- . . , 3 000 3/ / , 0,578 5/ /3 5-7 . , (), : (Phragmites communis Trin.), (Scirpus lacustris L.), (Typha latifolia L.), (Typha angustifolia L.), (Acorus calamus L.), (Lemna minor L.) , , . 5-8 2/3 5, 30,57 2/3 , 0,1 /3 , 0,31 /3 , 15,8 /3 , 0,4 /3 , 3,3 /3 , - 3,0102 /3, 5,2102 /3 . 8,5 2/3. - , . . 90 (100%) . 0,5-1% 99,8-99,9% 30 . . - . , .
: , , , , , - , .
ANNOTATION
Popenko V.N. Hygiene evaluation tertiary of purification sewage in biological ponds with high water vegetation. manuscript.
Dissertation for the candidate of medical sciences degree in specialty 14.02.01 hygiene. National O. Bohomolets Medical University of the Ministry of Health Ukraine, Kyiv, 2008.
The dissertation thesis is dedicated the scientific basis of tertiary purification and nonchemical sewage treatment to remove the remains of organic and chemical pollution, pathogenic bacteria and viruses in a biopond with high water vegetation.
Investigations under labaratory conditions and in industrial bioponds consisted of refining drainage facilities of Krivorogsk Oxidative Ore Mining and Processing Enterprise in the city of Dolinska, in Kirovogradsk region, Ukraine. Optimal parameters of tertiary and nonchemical treatment of sewage under a hydraulic load on the biopond of 3 000 m3/day organical assignment 0.578 g BCO5/24 h/m3 of biopod and with a 5-7 day presence in the pond were determined. It was revealed that among the high water vegetation (HWV) under investigation, there exist types that have an effective influence on the process of the after-purification of sewage water from organic and mineral pollution, and which can release biologically active substances that have viruscidal properties. The possibility of the wide use of bioponds with HWV for tertiary after-treatment and nonchemical sewage treatment as an alternative to other physical or chemical methods was proven.
Key words: sewage, biopond, high water vegetation, tertiary treatment, after-treatment, decontamination, sanitary-significant microorganism, viruses.
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