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35 1990, 1991 . (. 1). : , , 2, , () , () , 5, , , - .
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( 1991 .) (. 1). 2. 1991 . , . .
/, - , - , I- (I - , II , , - , ) 0.56, 0.90, 0.62, 2 - 2.34, 1.79, 0.91. (0.28, 0.51, 0.20 ).
t . t 1-111 / = 0.05, 0.09 0.05, / = 0.12, 0.03, 0.03 . , (/ = 0.2, 0.21 0.14).
2 , - O2 , , . 2 2, (15-20 ) . O2 , (. 2).
O2 (34%) (3-12%). 2-5% (. ) . . O2 11%. 6-7 .
12-17 2. . 2 0.5-1.2 / (5-11% ), . 2,3,5,14, . . . 2 (1.8-4.3 /, 16-18% ) . 2 (32-41%) ) 1991 . (. 2).
1. 1- . ( , ; ; ; - ; / - ; s - , ; - , 18, /; t - , ; O2 - , 2/)
- | I( =14) | ( =10) | III (/1=11) | ||||||
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s k t O2 |
2.2 17.0 18.1 20.1 15.9 9.3 3.9 |
1.8-3.5 16.0-18.0 16.8-20.4 19.6-20.6 11.4-20.3 8.6-9.8 9.6-0.5 |
0.77 0.12 0.2 0.05 0.56 0.13 2.34 |
2.5 13.6 14.9 18.2 11.9 8.7 4.0 |
2.2-3.0 13.4-13.8 13.6-16.6 17.4-19.1 8.4-19.1 8.3-9.0 9.0-1.8 |
0.32 0.03 0.21 0.09 0.9 0.08 1.79 |
1.94 12.3 12.9 19.4 15.0 9.5 7.2 |
1.5-2.3 12.2-12.6 12.2-13.9 18.8-19.8 9.9-19.3 8.0-10.0 9.5-3.0 |
0.41 0.03 0.14 0.05 0,62 0.21 0.91 |
h/ |
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2 | 16 | 7.20 | 15 | 0.25 | 7.22 | 26 | 7.07 | |
3 | 0.09 | 8.15 | II | 27 | 0.14 | 8.43 | ||
4 | - | 7.93 | 16 | 0.44 | 6.09 | 28 | - | 9.50 |
5 | 0.12 | 7.24 | 17 | 0.53 | 5.84 | 29 | 8.10 | |
6 | - | 8.02 | 18 | 0.42 | 6.50 | 30 | 8.00 | |
7 | 0.48 | 5.39 | 19 | - | 9.00 | 31 | - |
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8 | 0.40 | 6.29 | 20 | 0.38 | 6.71 | 32 | 8.40 | |
9 | 9.64 | 21 | 0.32 | 7.27 | 33 | - | 9.50 | |
10 | 0.46 | 6.16 | 22 | 8.04 | 34 | 0.07 | 3.00 | |
11 | 0.57 | 5.23 | 23 | 0.51 | 5.95 | 35 | - | 8.90 |
12 | 0.62 | 4.63 | 24 | 0.38 | 6.45 |
2. I-III . O2 2, /, ( - 2)
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3. , /, I-III . 1991 .
I | II | III | |||
3 | 17.14 | 16 | 14.39 | 25 | 12.54 |
7 | 17.60 | 17 | 14.40 | 26 | 12.93 |
8 | 17.10 | 18 | 14.23 | 27 | 12.93 |
10 | 17.50 | 20 | 13.98 | 28 |
12.37 |
11 | 17.70 | 21 | 13.87 | 34 | 12.46 |
12 | 17.90 | 23 | 14.15 | 35 | 12.37 |
14 | 18.15 | 24 | 14.09 | ||
15 | 14.06 | ||||
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4. . 1990 1991 .
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31 | 2.5 | 23.4-0.6 | 9.38 | |
33 | 0.6 | 1.5-0.08 | 2.37 | |
33 | 0.29 | 1.76-0.06 | 5.86 | |
33 | 0.63 | 1.3-0.2 | 1.74 | |
33 | 0.60 | 2.84-0.24 | 4.33 | |
33 | 20.2 | 40.0-5.23 | 1.72 | |
33 | 1.48 | 4.0-0.27 | 2.52 | |
2 | 33 | 5.49 | 25.6-2.13 | 4.27 |
V | 22 | 0.16 | 0.5-0.01 | 2.97 |
5 | 33 | 0.42 | 0.76-0.29 | 1.12 |
5 | 25 | 0.81 | 2.2-0.12 | 2.57 |
5 | 33 | 1.01 | 2.55-0.22 | 2.50 |
33 | 0.14 | 0.15-0.10 | 0.35 |
, . , . (, , Ni). ( ) , . 7.72 8.93.
. , (/ = 9.38), u (5.86), n (4.33), Zn (4.27), (0.35), Sr (1.12), u (1.12) (. 4). n - . ( ) , . , .
0.01-16.7 , - 40.9 . , , . , . , . . , V, , S, s, . . , , S, s , ( . , . , .).
, / , : s 1.8 21.2 , d - 0.29 6.0 , - 3.3 143 , u - 0.2 80.2 , Zn - 13.7 50.5 . , Ni, d . . ( = / 0, / ) : = 2.2 103, = 246 103.
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5. 1-111 . 1991 . ( - , )
I | II | III | |
12/3 | 18/7 | 17/5 | |
- | 2.0/0.7 | 3.8/1.7 | 3.2/1.4 |
, . / | 53.7/10.5 | 41.8/9.3 | 45.6/9.8 |
, / | 7.3/1.2 | 3.7/0.9 | 4.2/0.7 |
. . 1- 1991 ., %
I | II | III | ||
9 | 37 | 23 | ||
25 | 31 | 49 | ||
66 | 32 | 28 | ||
16 | 35 | 42 | ||
29 | 36 | 37 | ||
55 | 29 | 21 | ||
21 | 45 | 41 | ||
29 | 38 | 21 | ||
60 | 27 | 38 | ||
35 | - | 38 | ||
21 | - | 31 | ||
54 | - | 31 |
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- 205 . . : . -212 2, - 183 2. . , . 1843 . . . , , , . - (, 1970).
79 (50 29 ), 61 (38 23 ), . 58 (40 18 ).
: Marstoniopsis steini - . : . 20 . (, 1940), . . (, 1920), . . . (, 1925), . - . . (, 1975). (1912) . . . , . Lymnaea glabra (Mull.), , , L. clavafa, L. glabra . L. glabra , . Anisus uorticulus . . . . , , . . , , .
. - Viviparus viviparus, V. contectus, BUhynia tentaculata, Lymnaea patula, L. auricularia, L. ovata, L. stagnaUs. Planorbarius corneas, Pisidium amni-cum, P. inflatum, Unio pictorum, U. tumidus, U. conus, U. limosus, Anodonfa minima, A piscinalis. ( ) Valvatidae (Valvata piscinalis, V. cristata, V. pulchella), Bithynidae (Bithy-nia tentaculata, B. inflafa, B. troscheli), Planorbidae {Anisus vortex, A. contortus, Planor-bis planorbis), Lymnaeidae (Lymnaea truncaiula, L. peregra, L. ovaia).
(Typha latifolia} . Lymnaea palustris, L. stagnalis. Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex, Physa fontinalis. : Lymnaea stagnalis, Physa fontinalis, Pianorbarius corneus, P. purpura, P. banaticus, Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex, . con-tortus, A. albus, Bithynia tentaculata, B. inflata, Valvata pulchella, V. cristata.
, . , : Lymnaea sfagnalis, L. palustris, Physa fonfinalis, Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex, Viviparus contectus. , :
Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex, A. contortus, Pianorbarius corneus, P. purpura. Aero-loxus lacustris. , . (1912), (). (1912) . , . , Margaritifera margaritifera, . , -, . (, 1977).
: Lymnaea patula, L. atra, L. intermedia, L. tumida, L. fontinalis, L. inflata, Unio conus, Pianorbarius purpura, P. banaticus ( Planorbis corneus), Euglesa ruut, E. humerosa, E. waldeni ( ), Anisus acronicus ( Gyraulis gredleri), Hippeutis fontana . complanatus), Musculium ryckhoiti ( lacustre). . ryckhoiti , , , - . terverianum (Dupuy), . crepleni (Dunker). Euglesa tetragona Pisidium nullum, Sphaerium nitidium S. radiatum, Euglesa personata Pisidium Dusilum.
. : Lymnaea palustris, Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex, Unio piciorum, U. tumidus, U. conns', :
Valvata piscinalis, V. pulchella, V. cristata, Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex,. Bithynia inflata, B. tentaculata.
88 , . (), : -2, - 16, , - 8. - 36, - -17, - - 6, - - 1, - 2.
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.. , 1981, . 60, 12. 1878 1881.
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.. 7, 1965, . 128.
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