. , , ,

,,,

: .

2004


1. .

.

1.1 .

1.2 .

1.3 .

1.4

1.5 .

1.6 .

1.7 .

1.8 .

1.9 .

2. . .

2.1 .

2.2 .

2.3 .

2.4 .


, . - , . "" (, ) - " , : " (9).

. " ", , , , .

, , , - , , - . (, , , , , ), , ( . chrema - ", ") ( . ktematos - "") ().


1. .

1.1

. , , . , , , , , . , - , , , , , , , . , .

. , . , , , . , , - , . ( - , . . , . . . - ., 1971). , . .X. , . , . , . , . , , , - , .

, , , - , , " " (JL).

, , , , .

1.2

. , , . . , , . - .

, - . , , -. , , "-". - .

.. :

-  ( , ),

-  ( ),

- ( , ) (.).

, , . , "" , . , .

, , , . - , 10-15 , .

, , , .

1. . comb - (.), " ", gable - , , knoll - , , ,

ness - ,

steel - , ,

steep - , , ,

toft - , (.),

hurst - , .

, . :

comb - , , ( , ),

gullet - , (.),

hole - , .(.)

2. , , .

heath - , , ,

marsh - , , , , , moor - , , , , moss - (.) ,

3. , : meadow - , , ,

field - , , ,

hem - , , ,

hide - (.) , .

, , :

holt - (.) , , ,

thwaite - (.) , , ,

weald - . , , .

4. :

bath - , ( Bath ),

brook - ,

crook - , ( Crook , ),

fleet - (.) , , , ,

haugh [ha:f] - (.) ( ),

holme - , , ,

pipe - , , ,

tongs - , ,

5. , , , :

bow - (.) , -, ( Bow Yeo),

street - , ( , ),

thorp - (.) ,

wall - ( Wall ).

6. - , :

cote - , , ,

- , , , ,

salt - , , ,

stelling - (.) ,

stock - , , , ,

7. :

broom - ,

elm - ,

ash - ,

heather - ,

horehound - ,

oak - ,

thorn - . (^J

. , : Long Riston, Dry Sandford. : Little - Great, east - west, Nether - Over, North - South, Lower - Upper, Magna - Parva, Superior - Inferior.

, - : Bolens and Herds, Tow Low, Mow Cop, Saham Toney, Sil Howe.

, : New Forest, Crooked Oak.

:

under, : Ashton under Hill, Thorp under Stone. : Underriver ( River Hill), Underskiddaw ( Skiddaw).

under : in (Norton in the Moors), by (Thorp by Water), on (Bourton on the Water), upon (Standford upon Soar), next (Stoke next Guilford). without, : Newton Without, Farrington Without.

, , : Dry Sandford, Sandford on Thames, Sandford St. Martin, Sandford Oscaq^j.

1.3

- . . , , . , . . , . , " " () , . . , , . , .

, , , . , . .

, , , . Adlington - Burmington -Butterton - Blenchwarton - Hauton - Mariston - -ton, Ashfield - Ashford - Ashley - Ashover - Ashow ash-.

. , . , , , , .

, , . , , , , , - . , , - , . , , , .

, . , , . , , - . , -ham (.-. ham - , , ), -ton (.-. tun - , , , ). , , , , , , .

, : -cot, -den, -fen. , , . , , , - .

, , , (Oakleigh, Fordwitch) (Clifford, Elmsted). , . (Ulwham, Rochester) (Loddington, Framlington). , , (Sleagill, Stonor, Ryon, Riccal). - . , . (Tring - .-. treo + hangar; Iden - .-. ig + denn), (Ore, ). , (Bath, Cliff). : , , (Beambridge, Ninebanks), (Thorp in the Hill, Appleby Magna).

, , ( ).

, . , - -, , - .

- , ( ) , (, ..), .

:

borough - , - Woodborough, Flookborough,

den - , - Lullenden, Puttenden,

ditch - , - Walditch,

house - - Woodhouse, Summerhouse,

mill - - Cutmill, Drockmill,

path - - Dupath, Bagpath,

stead - , , - Wrinstead, Wanstead,

:

bank - (, ), - Firbank, Ninebanks,

brook - - Sedgebrook, Withbrook,

burn - (.) , - Colburn, Walburne,

dale - , , - Holmdale, Brogdale,

combe, coomb - , , - Ashcombe, Slocombe,

ford - - Lyford, Tetford,

gate - - Galgate, Hundgate,

head - - Shirehead, Tutnhead,

land - , , , - Lowland,

pool - - Blackpool, Butpool,

sand - , - Chicksands, Cockersand,

well - - Ho well, Lipwell.

, .

, , . , , , (, ). , , - (, , , , ) (, , , ).

-ham -ton, (.-. ham, tun - , , , ), (. ). -ham , :

-ing ( ), (Birmingham),

-  , ,

-  burna () - , broc.

-ham : - - , , , , , , - . -ham, , , , , .-. hamm - , . , , -stow, -sted, (stow, stede - , , ), -ham. , -ham -. , -ham -, .

-ton -by - . ( 9. 13-14.), .

-Chester, .-. ceaser (, ). Chester ; caster (Lancaster, Doncaster). , , , : Gloucester ( Glevum), Worcester (Uueogorna civitas), Dorchester (Durnonovaria).

, .-. leah (, ). , , , . . ley (Helmsley, Ridley). ley - (.) , , . -leigh (Thurleigh), -laugh (Healaugh), -lam (Acklam), -ney (Olney), -la (Stella), -ell (Chell). , - , , (Eastleigh, Kingsley, Dadley, Bromley. , , , , (Hensley Hadleigh). , , . -ley - 10. . , , , . - - Ripley, "" . , -wood (.-. wudu - ) -ley.

, :

-ber, -bury (.-. beorg - , ) Limber, Modbury,

-den (.-. derm - ) Thornden,

-den (.-. denu - ) Debden,

-den, -don (.-. dun - ) Rowden, Standon,

-eau, - (.-. - , ) Shepeau, Ebony,

-, - (.-. eg - ) Sheppey, Fenny,

-hall, -hill, al, -all, -ale (.-. halh - , ) Edenhall, Wighill, Sandal, Cromall, Heale,

-ham (.-. hamm - , ) Elham,

-hamsted (.-. ham-stede - , ) Berkhamsted,

-hampton (.-. ham-tun - ) Bathampton,

-hill, -nell, -le, -hull (.-. hyll - ) Girnbill, Warnell, Royle, Monyhull,

-hop, -op, -up (.-. hop - ) Mythop, Middop, Eccup,

-ley, -low (.-. hlaw - , , ) Osmotherley, Docklow,

-or, -ore (.-. - , ) Windsor, Lynsore,

-nor, -ore (.-. ofer - , ) Bickner, Elmore,

- tor, -ter (.-. torr - , ) Bagtor, Notter,

-was (.-. waesse - , ) Alrewas.

Ka , (halh > -al, -ale, -all, -halgh, -hall), , , (-den* -den*; -hairi^ -

. , , , .

.. ( .. . - ., 1965), :

Great Britain - . , . , , "" . Great Britain " " ( Brittania minor), (. Bretagne) - - .

England - .-. Engelaland - " ".

Ireland - , Eire (.-. Eirinn - ""), "". - Ireland - " ". (Eire).

Scotland - , Caledonia. 5-6. - , Scotland " ". 11 .

Wales - ( ). Cambria . , Wales - welsh "": .

-shire (""): Shropshire, Oxfordshire, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Lancashire, Cambridgeshire, Leicestershire; , : Devon, Sussex, Wessex, Norfolk, Essex, Kent, Tyne and Wear, Humberside, Gwent, Merseyside.

.., . : , , (1).

1.4

. , . , . : .-. walas "", , wal- (Walton, Walcott, Walworth, Walden, Walpole, Walbrook) . - Devon Kent - Dumnonii Cantii. (, , ), - Avon, Don, Exe, Axe, Esk, Usk, Thames, Derwent, Severn, Dee; - , , ( ); . , - , , , , . , . :

-  pen-: Penhill, Pencoyd, Penge, Penketh, Penrith ( pen , , ). , , ( 18 ). , , , , , , 8 . , .

-  tre- ( tref, tre , trev, tre- , , , ). (Tredrustan, Tregavethan ., 70 ), (Trelleck, Trehill) (Treysceck. Treales).

- Ian- (. - ): (Landulph, Lanreath).

: Dover, Reculver.

: , ( 7 - . 8 .), , , , --, . , , . , - , , , , , -, -, .

1.5

. , , , , , , . - , . . , London Londinium, Manchester - Mamucion, Lincoln - Lindum Colonia, Catterick - Cataractonium.

, , , , . chester/caster (. - castra, .-. -caster - ). , (Chinchester, Winchester, Silchester), (Doncaster, Colchester, Lancaster), (Chester).

: Great, Little Magna Parva (Ashby - Ashby Magna, Ashby Parva), ambo - (Hutton Ambo, High Low Hutton). : within without, , intra - extra, intrinseca -extrinseca (Romsey Intra - Romsey Extra, Ryme Intrinseca - Ryme Extrinseca). , sub - , (Thorpe sub Montem), juxta - , (Brandwel juxta Mare, Kingston juxta Yeovil), super - (Weston super Mare), cum - (Stow cum Quy, Stone cum Ebony).

1.6

, , , , - , 9 - 11 . (Danelaw), , , , , , . -by: Moorby. Wilby, -, . , , , , . , , , . -by - , , ( by - , - , - , , ). -by , , .

-thorp ( torp - , , - , ). . , , . , Burnham - Burnham Thorp, Barkby - Barkby Thorp, Kilton - Kilton Thorp, -thorp .

-toft, , , ( toft - . , - , ). Toft (Toft, Tofts), (Langtoft, Moortoft, Eastoft, Fishtoft). , , , .

, holm ( holm - , , - , holme - , , ). Holm (Holme), (Heigholme, Bromholm, Oxenholme, Tupholme).

-thwaite ( - thwaite, twaite - , , , , ). -: , (Thwaite, Braithwaite, Greenthwaite, Honeythwaite).

1.7

. , . : Jervaulx - [LJD:VD:] ['Da: vis]. beau, belle: Beaurepaire, Beaudesert, Bellasize, Belvoir. : The Prae (. - ), Delapre Abbey (. de la pre), Cowdray Park (. coudraie - ).

-mont (. mont - )6 Eamont, Ridgmont, Grosmont.

1 en. , : Clayton le Woods, Normanton le Heath. , , : Chapel en le Frith, Bramton en le Morthen, Stretton en le Field. Chapel le Feme, Walsham le Willows. To, , , Barton in the Willows - Barton le Willows. : Thornton le Dale Thornton Dale, Burgh le Marsh Burgh in the Marsh. , , , : Thornton le Moors, Houghton le Spring, Strainton le Vale - , , .

1.8

, , , , . . \ , , , (, , - Lew, Lea, Thatto). , "", "" .

, - : Fresdon (+), Lowick ( +), Rushall (+), Leagrave (+). , : Keswick (), Kilham ( ), Lambeth (, ), Orsett (, ), Rotherwas ( ). : Lambrook ( ), Landmoth ( ). , : Mettingham ( ), Nottingham ( ).

, : (, Hark), Hawsker (, Hauk). , .

20. 1946 1973 , , , . , , . , , 8 - Hatfield (.-. haepfeld - , ). : Welwyn Garden City, Central Lancashire New Town.

1974 -, . , . : , . : (Tyne, Wear, Avon - Tyne and Wear, Avon), ( Cleveland - Cleveland). : Cumbria - Cumberland (Cumberland - the land of Cambrians - . . . Cymry - ); Salop - Shropshire ( 11 Scrobbesbyrigscir Salopescira, Salop). , . , : East West Sussex, North West Yorkshire, West Midlands, Greater London(5).

1.9

.

10 , . , , . . : The Ring -, The Grove - , The Cut - , , The Grange - , The Highway - , The Vale - , .

, , , , . street - lane - ( , Oxford Street Chancery Lane ). Cross , Rise - , Drive - , Gate - , Gardens - , Market - , Close - , Mews - .. : Moor Street, Broad Street, Crooked Sane, Long Lane. , , , new (): , New Street - , New Town 17 .

13 .

, 13-14., , . , : St. Marychurch Street, Kensington Church Street, St. James Street. 17 , : Queen Street (1666), King William Street (1829), King Edward Street (1843), Queen Victoria Street (1871).

. , 5 , . . , (, Haymarket ( ), Beehive ( )), " " ( ).

9 (1-6 , 7 - , 8 - , - , ) (2):

1. , : ) , : Carter Lane - , , Pottery Lane - , 19 , , , , Apothecary Street - , , 1617 . : Petty Cury ( , ), Drapery, baxter Row.

) , , : Cheapside - , (cheap - .-. ""). , , , : Bread Street, Honey Lane, Milk Street, Poultry, Wood Street.

Haymarket - , 1830 ; Garlic Hill - , ; Old Seacoal Lane - , 13 16 , ( , seacoal), Glasshouse Street - , .

) : Cowcross Street - , ( ), Wormwood Street, Camomile Street - , ( , , 16 , , ).

2.  , : Oxford Street - , ", ", Old Kent Road - " , ".

: Great Tower Street - , , Gray's Inn Road - , " " - ( ), London Wall - , , , Old Bailey - , ( bailey).

4. . , , , . , , . Bull, Angel. , Bull Alley - , . , (bull baiting). Angel Street, Angel Court , . , .

5.  - . - , , . The Strand (""); 1185 , . , , (Victoria Embankment) . Fleet Street, Fleet Lane , 18 . Turnmill Street ( , Turnmill Brook).

6.  , , : Blackfriars Lane - , ; Whitefriars Street - , ;

- . , Bishop Street, Chapel Street, Abbey Street. The Minories ; Little Sanctuary () - ; Crutched Friars () - .

7.  , , . , The Bedford Square, Bedford Avenue, Bedford Place, Bedford Passage , . Grosvenor Square, Grosvenor Crescent, Grosvenor Gardens, GrosvenorHill , . Covent Garden , (Covent Garden - convent garden).

8.  , , .. , Victoria Street, Victoria Road, Victoria Embankment, Prince Albert Road (1837-1901.) , . Wellington Place, Wellington Road, Wellington Street , (1815.) . Dombey Street . " ".

9.  : Paradise Row - " ", Prospect Terrace - " ", Meads Road - " ", Mountview - " ".

High Street ( Highgate), King Street ; (North, South, East, West Streets , , Northgate, Eastgate .. ); (Nether Street, Middle Street). Newland Street, New Street , .

Stoney Street (Stonegate), High Pavement, Clay Street, Wet Lane, Stinking Lane. Blind Alley, Bag Lane, ( Turn-again Lane). Love Lane. : Long Lane, Short Lane, Endless Lane, Winding Lane.

, . Lombard Street ( Lombardy Street, ),, Danesgate, Flemingate, Frenchrow, Petty France, Jewbury(6/,


2. .

: (personal name, first name) (middle name). . " " " " (7), . , .

2.1

.

(=) , ) , ) ). (Daene, Wulf, Beald) Ethelberg, Leofwin, Wigfrith, Frithuwulf. -ing, , : Bruning - " ".

.

. , : William, Richard, Robert, Hugh, Ralph .. John, Peter, Simon, Luke - Mary, Joan, Agnes - . (12 ) , , , , : Hodierna, Italia, Cassandra. David, Thomas, Nicholas, Isabel, Matilda, Eleanor . 13 , , , , .

, . , , Adam, Eve, Daniel ( ) Baptist, John, Matthew ( ).

(16 ) : Abigail (" "), Abraham (" "), Benjamin (" ") .

.

16 , . : Beata "", Desiderius "", Renovata "". , 17 , Free-Gift, Earth, More-Fruit, Tribulation, Live Well. , No-Merit, Sorry-for-Sin, Sin-Deny. : Helpless, Forsaken. - If-Christ-had-not-died-for-thee-thou-hadst-been-damned Barebone ( Damned Barebone). , , , , : Samuel, Benjamin, Joseph, Faith, Hope, Charity, Prudence.

.

, . , Vanessa Stella. , Silvia (" "), Celia (" "), Julia (" "), Juliet (" "), Jessica (" "), Ophelia (""), Viola (" ").

18 : Edgar, Alfred, Emma, Arthur, Lancelot, Rosabel . . , . , . , . : Christabel, Rowena, Cedric, Minna, Diana, Roland, Hugh, Walter . , , :

. - Esmond . . - Candida
. - Lorna . - Clarinda
Alice . - Edna, Joyce
. - Clara, Clare, Matilda . - Belinda
. - Reginald . - Romola
. - Sybil, Sibley . - Pamela
. . - Wendy . - Fleur

, . , (6/

2.2

. , . 4 : Charles Philip Arthur George, Andrew Albert Christian Edward, Anne Elisabeth Alice Louise. - , , . , , .. , , . , , , : , . - James Harold Wilson, Harold Wilson. John Enoch Powell Enoch Powell, . . , 17 , .

2.3

,

, , , .

Father calls me William,

Sister calls me Will,

Mother calls me Willie,

But the fellers call me Bill!

E.Field. Jest "Fore Christmas"

. , - . : Ben Benjamin, Dan Daniel, Jimmy James, Betty Elisabeth . : Babs Barabara, Becky Rebecca, Connie Conrad, Constance, Dirk Derek, Di Diana, Ginny Virginia, Gwen Gwendolen, Harry Henry, Josy Josephine, Kit Christopher, Meg Margaret, Nessie Agnes, Spike Michael, Ted Edward .

, , (Tony Blair .)()

2.4

- " . , ." "" . . (9). - - . . , , . , " " (Domesday Book) 1085-86., , . . 17 . , 12 , .

, . :

1. (, ).

2. .

3. .

4. .

1. (, ).

, : Anthony, Allen, Cecil, Dennis, Henry, Owen, Thomas. , (Good, Godwin, Goodiers, Goddard), (Swain, Swanson Swain, Thurston, Thurkettle Thor). : Walters, Watts, Ralph . Roland Rowland, Rowlandson, Richard Richardson ( - Pritchard), Ritchie, Hitch, Rick, Hick, Dixon, Dickson, Rickett . , : St. Lawrence Lawrence, Lawson, Larson. -son, " -" ", -". - "": MacDonald, Maccarthy, MacGregor. , : O'Hara, O'Neal.

Fitz- (. Fils-""): Fitzwilliam, Fitz-Gilber. - "" , Powell ( Howell), Pritchard ( Richard).

. David Dawe, Dawe, Dawson. Anthony Tonkin, Tonson . +- -kin, -cock (-cox), -ot/-et: Simpkin, Tomkinson, Haycock, Haycox, Hewet (" ").

2. .

, 50% . :

1) , , , , . - , , . Scott, , . England, English, Ingle, Ingleman, Langley ( -L'Angleus). Irish, Wales, Welsh, Wallace. : Germain, France, Spain, Pickard, Norman, Champagne, : Cornish, Cornwall, Surrey, Hampshire.

2) , , : Brook, Hill, Dale, Fell, Moore, Fields. , : Aspen, Beech, Willows, Yew, Tree. , : Tees, Cherwell, Teems, Brooker .. , -, . , , : Bull, Bell, Angel, Talbot(£)

3. .

20% . : 1) , 2) , , 3) , , 4) , .

1)  , , , . Stewart Stuart ( "), Wardrop (" "), Barber, Spencer (""), Butler (""), Marshall (""). Knight, Squire, Gent, Clark/Clerk. : Palmer, Abbot, Dean . Parker , Ranger - .

2)  , : Hurd, Hird, Heard, herd - . Herd -ard Coward -art Swinnart. Farmer, Ditcher, Walter, Tyler, Painter, Honeyman.

, -wright, , : Cartwright, Wainwright, Wheelwright.

3), , : Mercer , Grosser -, Clarke . : Archer, Bowman, Wakeman.

4) "" : Woollen, Woolley, Walker, Weaver, Webster.

4. .

, . : Bigg, Strong, High, Low, Little, Longman, Elder, Small, Head, Hands, Arms, Armstrong ( ), Sillitoe ( Shillito, Shillitoe), Crump (""), Cameron (""), White, Grey. Red, Reed, Rouse, Russell. Knott "", Ball bald -"". Bad, Good, Wise, Makepeace, Hardy, Doughty. : , Rich, Ragman (, ). : Shorthose (" "), Hood (""). , , " : King, Baron, Angel, Earl.

, , .

. (9-13.), - 15 . : Godfery Guthroo, Mclver Ivor, McColl, McCall Kol, Auley, MacAuley Olaf, Ola.

: Baird, Chrisholm, Gordon, Ramsay..

: Bruce, Davidson, Grant, Sinclair.

17 , , O'Breen, O'Nail O'Brien, O'Neal.

, -, , : Nash-Williams, Lloyd-George.

: Campbel, Duncan, Ferguson, Macdonald, Douglas, Gordon, Armstrong, Stewart, Scott, Wallace.

: Murphy, Kelly, Sullivan, Walsh, O'Brien, Ryan (O'Ryan), Connor.

: Roberts, Jones, Davies, Williams, Thomas, Edwarts, Hughes ($).


. , , . , , . , , , .

, . , - , - .

( , , ).

, , , .

, , , , , , , .

- - , , , .

1.  . - , 1996/ http://www.americana.ru

2.  .. - .: , 1977 -227.

3.  .. - .: - . -, 1969. - 168.

4.  .. - , 1980. - 288.

5.  .. - .: " ACT". -2002.- 160.

6.  .. - .: . - 1974. - 382.

7.  .. - .: , 1969. - 207.

8.  .. - .: .-1988.-192.

9. .. - ., 2000. - 224.

: .

 

 

 

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