,,,
1.
1.1 ,
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3 ,
2.4 ,
2.5 ,
2.6
1.
, , .
1.1 ,
, , , , . . , , 2007 .[1] 3 . 500 . , .[2] , , , , 80% .
1904 . . , (), . , .
, , , 4/5 . , . .
, . , 2008 > 2 . 17%.[3]
. 2008 . 2009 2.4% .[4] , . , 2009 , . , , .
, , . , .
, 2007 $5.510[5], , . , 2008 , . . () 2008 , 28.6% , , 11.7% ( $1.5). (45% - , 23% - ).[6]
2003 16.00%, 2008 2.5 6.40%. .
. , 2008 47%. 2005 100 . 11 , 2008 18. , 47% .
. 2- . , , , .
1989 , , . , , . : - , - , . , , . , , , , .
, - , . 2006 , . . 5 5% 2008 28%.[7] . , .
, . , , . , (24%). . 2008 , 84% , , 44% , 16% . . , , , .
1.2
2009 . -, , . -, , , , , .
2008 , . , . . - 2- : , . -, , , , (54 ). (73 ), 1989 1994 . , (57 ).
. 2007 , 27% , 16% . , , .
2008 - . . : , , -. . 54- , , . , , , . " . , ", . , , . , , 2 500$ ( ). , , : , . , , - . , , - , 1983-1989 .
57- , . , , , , . . . 2004 , 5% . , , , , , , . - (Caminando en los zapatos del pueblo), , , . , " " . , , . , , , , , , . , , , $35 . , . - " , , , , , . , !". , , , .
12 1936 . , 1989 , , .. . , , 1994 , , , , . , 2004 "", . , , , .
1.3
3 2009 . , . , 60% . - 37% , 2% , . [8]
. . 73%, , . 1 606 717, , , , .
1.4
. , , . , , . , , .
, . , , , , .
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, , , . , , , .
, , - . . , , , . .
2
, , , . . , , . , . , . , , : , . , .
2.1
11 1952 , . . , " ". , , .
1994 1996 , , 911.
1998 , . 1999-2003 . . 2004- , , , 5% .
, , , , , .
- . 2004 , 8 000 .
1 2009 .
2.2
, . , , . , 30 , : (29 ), (27) (20). . , . . , , , .
, . 2009 -, , .
, , , , . , .
(46 ), , . . , , , . , 2009 - . . 2014- .
, , , , . , .
2.3 ,
, , , . , , , . , , , . , . , , . , , . , , . , . , , , . , . , .
, . .
. , , - . , . , . , , . , , , . , . , , . , , , .
2.4 ,
, . , , .
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- : , . . , .
- : 1998 , .
2.5 ,
, , . , . , , , . , , . , , .
. , ( 2000 ), . , , .
. , , , , .
, . , .
2.6
, , . , . PR- , 5% . , .
. -, , , , , . -, , , , , . -, , . , , , . , , , , .
, : , , . , , , , .
, . , .
1. . , 2010. URL-: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Panama
2. $2 . -. 16/11/2010 URL-: http://www.rian.ru/economy/20081026/153821951.html
3. .. - , 2003. URL-: http://www.mirkin.ru/_docs/articles03-007.pdf
4. , 2009. URL-: http://overons.rabobank.com/content/images/Panama-200906_tcm64-74970.pdf
5. 2009. URL-: http://www.eclac.org/publicaciones/xml/3/38063/Panama.pdf
6. . : , , 2009. URL-: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL30981.pdf
7. .., .. : , 2009. URL-: http://ejournals.pp.net.ua/_ld/1/144_semenov_memoria.pdf
8. . . , 2010. URL-: http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/crs/RL32540.pdf
9. Panama Country Profile. BBC. 30/06/2010. URL-: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1229332.stm.
10. Trade Sustainability Impact Assessment of the AA to be negotiated between the EU and Central America, 2009. URL-: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2010/april/tradoc_146041.pdf
[1] . . , 2010. . 5
[2] Panama Country Profile. BBC. 30/06/2010
[3] $2 . -. 16/11/2010
[4] , 2009
[5] Trade Sustainability Impact Assessment of the AA to be negotiated between the EU and Central America, 2009. . 17.
[6] , 2009
[7] . : , , 2009. . 9
[8] . , 2010
1. 1.1 , 1.2
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