,,,
-
:
Д
2010
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
3.
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1.
1.1
, , .
99%, . , . 10. .
, , , .
, , .
( ) . (. 1.1) C, 1 C2, C, L1 L2 . , , . . ; .
, . .
(. 1.1), , .
1.2
. , , , , . , , : , , . , , , . .
. - . , , , , , .. , , , λ = h/l, h . : 0.95; 0.6; 0.3. , , . , , , , , .
, . , , , , , . , . .
. , . , 20 , . 20 100 - -- . 100 . , , , , .. : 20 ; 100 ; 100 . [2]
1.3
: , ; , ; , , , , , .
, , . , , . , . , . , . , .
, , .
, , , , , , , , , . - , .
, 95º. , . .
100 . . . . . , . , . . ( ). . , . , , .
. , , ( ), , .
. , -2, , . -2 , . , , 10 , .
, , . , , , . [2]
1.4
44 310 340 0.10.2 . . . . . - , , k=0.80.9.
3425. , , . 3425 .
, . 38, 42, 50, 80 .
. , , . . , .
. , . , , . , .
. [2]
1.5
. . , , , . .
. 95 , . 50 . , , .
.
, , , . . 515 - .
- , .
, , . , , , . . , . , , .
, , , .
, , . [2]
2.
:
- P2= 13000 ();
- U1 = 600, U2 = 1800 ();
- Ru = 30 ();
- τu= 1.810-6 (c);
- fn=650 ();
- λ=0.04.
2.1
:
P = fn τu P2 = 6501.810-613000= 15.21() (2.1)
:
13000/600=22 () (2.2)
13000/1800 = 7.22 () (2.3)
, , , , . :
= 22∙1,43 (), (2.4)
7,22= 0.43 (), (2.5)
k =2.42.8 , ; k1 k2 , : k1 = 1.21.6, k2 = 1.11.4.
2.2
, . 802-58 44. .
2.3
Δ = 0.2 (), (Δ=2,1 (/)) , (2.6).
= 0.2 / 2.1 = 0.095 (2.6)
= 1.810-6 / 2 = 0.9 () (2.7)
(2.8)
ρ= 0.610-4 44 (2/).
:
= = 0.18() (2.9)
2.4
Sc l (0.180.32). Ψ=0.25. :
=== 2.3(2) (2.10)
:
= 2.3 /0.25 = 9.2 () (2.11)
, β= bc/ac 12. k=0.80.9. k=0.85 β = 2. :
= = 1,2() (2.12)
:
= = 1.55 () (2.13)
2.5
:
=60010-21.8 / 0.22.3 = 23 (2.14)
τ , .
:
= 23= 69 (2.15)
2.6
. (23) /2 . j1=2(/2), j2=3(/2).
= 1,43 / 2 = 0.715 (2). (2.16)
= 0.43 / 2 = 0.215 (2). (2.17)
, d1=0.95 d2=0.52. 6324-52
d1= 1.020 () ;
d2=0.580 () ;
g1= 0.724 (2), g2= 0,22 (2) .
2.7
. , , :
= 23 0.1020= 2.346 () (2.18)
ε1=0.3 ().
:
= 2,346 + 20.2= 2.946 () (2.19)
:
δ1= d1 = 0.1020 () (2.20)
:
= 2.346 / 0.58 = 40 (2.21)
= 69 / 40= 1.725 (2.22)
:
= 1.7250.58 = 0.1 () (2.23)
:
= U2 / I2 = 1800 / 7.22 =249 () (2.24)
,
= 2492= 22.4 () (2.25)
== 0.01() (2.26)
ls= l1 ;
ε = 4 .
δ12 2214-66.
:
= 0.3 + 0.102+ 0.01 + 0.1+ 0.2 = 0.712 () (2.27)
ε0 = 0.3 () ;
ε2 = 0.2 () .
k = H/C=23.
:
= 2.946 / 0.712 = 3 (2.28)
:
= 0.712 + 21.2 = 3.1 () (2.29)
:
=2(2.946 + 3.1) = 12 () (2.30)
Sc L:
= 2. 3 /12 = 0.19 (2.31)
Ψ = 0.19 , , .
2.8
. :
:
=2(1.2 + 1.55 + 40.3 + 20. 1)=8.3 () (2.32)
:
= 2[1.2 + 1.55 + 4(0.3 + 0.1 + 0.01) + 20.1] = 9.18 (). (2.33)
:
=( 8.3 + 9.18)/2 = 8.74 () (2.34)
2.9
:
G1=8.9W1g1lw110-5 = 8.9230.7248.310-5 = 0.012 () (2.35)
:
G2=8.9W2g2lw210-5 = 8.9690.229.1810-5 = 0.013 () (2.36)
:
= 0.012 + 0.013 = 0.025 () (2.37)
:
=1.22238.3 / 57000.724 = 0.05 () (2.38)
:
=1.22699.18 / 57000.22 = 0.62 (). (2.39)
2.10
, , .
= 1.4320.05 = 0.1 () (2.40)
= 0.4320.62 = 0.12 () (2.41)
= 0.1 + 0.12 = 0.22 () (2.42)
2.11
= 7.62. 31210-3 = 0.2 (). (2.43)
2.12
:
= 6501.810-60.0182126002/122322. 30.610-4= 0.3 (). (2.44)
δ , ;
ρ , 2/;
Sc , 2;
l , .
:
= 2320.0952. 310-4 / 12= 0.910-3 (), (2.45)
L1 .
= 6506002(1.810-6)2/0.910-32 = 0.04 (). (2.46)
2.13
, ,
= 15.21100 / 15.21 + 0.3 + 0.04 + 0.22 = 86, (2.47)
P , ;
P , ;
, ;
, .
2.14
, . .
= 1.810-61210-2600/ 0.0952322. 3 = 0.8 () (2.48)
l , ;
μΔ ;
S , 2.
2.15
= 0.88 / 22 = 0.04 (2.49)
λ = 0.04 , .
2.16
, . , .
:
=41.21.55+21.553.1+1.552.946=21.64 (2) (2.50)
== 12 (2.51)
α0=1310-4 , / 2
Scep , 2;
2.17
= 0.62(23 / 69)2 = 0.0558 (). (2.52)
,
=12(23)22. 30.610-4 / 0.01212 = 730() (2.53)
δ , ;
ρ , 2/;
l , ;
Sc , 2.
= 30 + 0.05 = 30.05 () (2.54)
730(249 + 0.0558) / (730 + 249 + 0.0558)=22.4 (). (2.55)
:
= 30.05/ 24.4 = 1.23 (2.56)
= 180023 / 69 = 540 () (2.57)
= 540(1 + 1.23) = 1204 () (2.58)
, :
=(0.43.14(23)28.74 / 2.346)== 4.210-6 () (2.59)
lw , ;
ls , ;
δ1, δ2 , ;
δ12 , .
:
= 0.085548.742.34610-12/ 0.007 = 10.01810-10 (). (2.60)
= (4. 210-6 / 10.01810-10)1/2 = 64 () (2.61)
3.
, , , - , , .
, , .
, , , . , .
, 0.018(). .
2.3 (2), - 2.946 (), 3.1 (). 0.2 ().
. 23 , 69 . 1.020(), 0.58 (). 0.724 (), 0.22 (), 0.012 () 0.013() . 0.025 (). , 710-3 (). , .
.
. , . , .
, , , , .
.
. , , , .
, 20. 86 %. Ls = 4.210-6 () C = 10.01810-10 (), .
=0.04. .
, . , .
. .
1. ,1988.
2. .. .,1991.
- : Д
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