. , , ,

,,,

-

:

Д

”


2010


1.

1.1 

1.2 

1.3 

1.4 

1.5 

2.

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.10

2.11

2.12

2.13

2.14

2.15

2.16

2.17

3.


, , , , . , , .

, , . , . .

, , . .

, .

.

. : , ; , , , , , , , ; , - .

. , , , , , , - .

: - , ; ; ; ; , , ; ; ; , ; - ; .

, - .


1.

1.1

, , .

99%, . , . 10. .

, , , .

, , .

( ) . (. 1.1) C, 1 C2, C, L1 L2 . , , . . ; .

, . .

(. 1.1), , .

1.1

1.2

. , , , , . , , : , , . , , , . .

. - . , , , , , .. , , , λ = h/l, h . : 0.95; 0.6; 0.3. , , . , , , , , .

, . , , , , , . , . .

. , . , 20 , . 20 100 - -- . 100 . , , , , .. : 20 ; 100 ; 100 . [2]

1.3

: , ; , ; , , , , , .

, , . , , . , . , . , . , .

, , .

, , , , , , , , , . - , .

, 95º. , . .

100 . . . . . , . , . . ( ). . , . , , .

. , , ( ), , .

. , -2, , . -2 , . , , 10 , .

, , . , , , . [2]

1.4

44 310 340 0.10.2 . . . . . - , , k=0.80.9.

3425. , , . 3425 .

, . 38, 42, 50, 80 .

. , , . . , .

. , . , , . , .

. [2]


1.5

. . , , , . .

. 95 , . 50 . , , .

.

, , , . . 515 - .

- , .

, , . , , , . . , . , , .

, , , .

, , . [2]


2.

:

- P2= 13000 ();

- U1 = 600, U2 = 1800 ();

- Ru = 30 ();

- τu= 1.810-6 (c);

- fn=650 ();

- λ=0.04.

2.1

:

P = fn τu P2 = 6501.810-613000= 15.21() (2.1)

:

13000/600=22 () (2.2)

13000/1800 = 7.22 () (2.3)

, , , , . :

= 22∙1,43 (), (2.4)

7,22= 0.43 (), (2.5)

k =2.42.8 , ; k1 k2 , : k1 = 1.21.6, k2 = 1.11.4.

2.2

, . 802-58 44. .

2.3

Δ = 0.2 (), (Δ=2,1 (/)) , (2.6).


= 0.2 / 2.1 = 0.095 (2.6)

= 1.810-6 / 2 = 0.9 () (2.7)

(2.8)

ρ= 0.610-4 44 (2/).

:

= = 0.18() (2.9)

2.4

Sc l (0.180.32). Ψ=0.25. :

=== 2.3(2) (2.10)


:

= 2.3 /0.25 = 9.2 () (2.11)

, β= bc/ac 12. k=0.80.9. k=0.85 β = 2. :

= = 1,2() (2.12)

:

= = 1.55 () (2.13)

2.5

:

=60010-21.8 / 0.22.3 = 23 (2.14)

τ , .

:


= 23= 69 (2.15)

2.6

. (23) /2 . j1=2(/2), j2=3(/2).

= 1,43 / 2 = 0.715 (2). (2.16)

= 0.43 / 2 = 0.215 (2). (2.17)

, d1=0.95 d2=0.52. 6324-52

d1= 1.020 () ;

d2=0.580 () ;

g1= 0.724 (2), g2= 0,22 (2) .


2.7

. , , :

= 23 0.1020= 2.346 () (2.18)

ε1=0.3 ().

:

= 2,346 + 20.2= 2.946 () (2.19)

:

δ1= d1 = 0.1020 () (2.20)

:

= 2.346 / 0.58 = 40 (2.21)


= 69 / 40= 1.725 (2.22)

:

= 1.7250.58 = 0.1 () (2.23)

:

= U2 / I2 = 1800 / 7.22 =249 () (2.24)

,

= 2492= 22.4 () (2.25)

== 0.01() (2.26)

ls= l1 ;

ε = 4 .

δ12 2214-66.

:


= 0.3 + 0.102+ 0.01 + 0.1+ 0.2 = 0.712 () (2.27)

ε0 = 0.3 () ;

ε2 = 0.2 () .

k = H/C=23.

:

= 2.946 / 0.712 = 3 (2.28)

:

= 0.712 + 21.2 = 3.1 () (2.29)

:

=2(2.946 + 3.1) = 12 () (2.30)

Sc L:

= 2. 3 /12 = 0.19 (2.31)

Ψ = 0.19 , , .


2.8

. :

  :

=2(1.2 + 1.55 + 40.3 + 20. 1)=8.3 () (2.32)

  :

= 2[1.2 + 1.55 + 4(0.3 + 0.1 + 0.01) + 20.1] = 9.18 (). (2.33)

  :

=( 8.3 + 9.18)/2 = 8.74 () (2.34)

2.9

:

G1=8.9W1g1lw110-5 = 8.9230.7248.310-5 = 0.012 () (2.35)

:


G2=8.9W2g2lw210-5 = 8.9690.229.1810-5 = 0.013 () (2.36)

:

= 0.012 + 0.013 = 0.025 () (2.37)

:

=1.22238.3 / 57000.724 = 0.05 () (2.38)

:

=1.22699.18 / 57000.22 = 0.62 (). (2.39)

2.10

, , .


= 1.4320.05 = 0.1 () (2.40)

= 0.4320.62 = 0.12 () (2.41)

= 0.1 + 0.12 = 0.22 () (2.42)

2.11

= 7.62. 31210-3 = 0.2 (). (2.43)

2.12

:

= 6501.810-60.0182126002/122322. 30.610-4= 0.3 (). (2.44)

δ , ;

ρ , 2/;

Sc , 2;

l , .

:


= 2320.0952. 310-4 / 12= 0.910-3 (), (2.45)

L1 .

= 6506002(1.810-6)2/0.910-32 = 0.04 (). (2.46)

2.13

, ,

= 15.21100 / 15.21 + 0.3 + 0.04 + 0.22 = 86, (2.47)

P , ;

P , ;

, ;

, .

2.14

, . .


= 1.810-61210-2600/ 0.0952322. 3 = 0.8 () (2.48)

l , ;

μΔ ;

S , 2.

2.15

= 0.88 / 22 = 0.04 (2.49)

λ = 0.04 , .

2.16

, . , .

:

=41.21.55+21.553.1+1.552.946=21.64 (2) (2.50)


== 12 (2.51)

α0=1310-4 , / 2

Scep , 2;

2.17

= 0.62(23 / 69)2 = 0.0558 (). (2.52)

,

=12(23)22. 30.610-4 / 0.01212 = 730() (2.53)

δ , ;

ρ , 2/;

l , ;

Sc , 2.

= 30 + 0.05 = 30.05 () (2.54)

730(249 + 0.0558) / (730 + 249 + 0.0558)=22.4 (). (2.55)

:

= 30.05/ 24.4 = 1.23 (2.56)

= 180023 / 69 = 540 () (2.57)

= 540(1 + 1.23) = 1204 () (2.58)

, :

=(0.43.14(23)28.74 / 2.346)== 4.210-6 () (2.59)

lw , ;

ls , ;

δ1, δ2 , ;

δ12 , .

:


= 0.085548.742.34610-12/ 0.007 = 10.01810-10 (). (2.60)

= (4. 210-6 / 10.01810-10)1/2 = 64 () (2.61)


3.

, , , - , , .

, , .

, , , . , .

, 0.018(). .

2.3 (2), - 2.946 (), 3.1 (). 0.2 ().

. 23 , 69 . 1.020(), 0.58 (). 0.724 (), 0.22 (), 0.012 () 0.013() . 0.025 (). , 710-3 (). , .

.


. , . , .

, , , , .

.

. , , , .

, 20. 86 %. Ls = 4.210-6 () C = 10.01810-10 (), .

=0.04. .

, . , .

. .


1. ,1988.

2. .. .,1991.

- : Д

 

 

 

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