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2002


1.

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4.

1.5.

1.6.

6. Internet

2.1 Internet

2.2 Internet

2.2.1 WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

2.2.2 Web-

2.2.3 FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

2.2.4

2.2.5 (USENET)

2.2.6 TELNET

2.3

2.4 IP-

2.5 Internet


1.

.

, . , (). . . , , . (Local Area Network) (Wide Area Network).

1.1

. , ( ). , , .

. : , , , , .

(. 1.1) ( , ), ( ).

. 1.1.

(. 1.2) .

, .

. 1.2. .

, . (. 1.3).

. 1.3.

.


1.2

. , .

. 1.4.

. . , .

. 1.4.

1.3

( ) (OSI) (. 1.5). OSI , (ISO). 7 , , , . , ().

.

, . , , (Ethernet, Fddi ).

. . .

7
6
5
4
3
2
1

. 1.5. ISO/OSI

, . .

. - , .

, , , .

: , , ; .

: ; ; , Internet.

1.4

(), . .

, . . . ( ).

. : , , .

.

. 3, 4, 5 ( 15, 20, 10 ). . ( 300 ).

, .

/. , .

. , . , . , . . , . COM-.

. Microsoft Office .

, .

, .

, , . .

, , . .

. , , . .

1.5

Ethernet

Ethernet 1973 . Ethernet 10 /. , . , , . (10BASE5, 10BASE2,10BASE-T,10BASE-F), : ; , ; .

. , , . 50 . 185500 .; , , 30100. ( , ) . , Ethernet 10BASE2 1 , Ethernet 10BASE5 2,5 .

10BASE- , . .

Ethernet 10BASE-F 10 /, 2100 .

Archnet

Archnet . . , , . . .

, . :

          () ;

          ;

          ;

          (, ).

Token Ring

Token Ring IBM . oken Ring IBM, , , . ( ), , . oken Ring . , , . . 16 /.

FDDI

FDDI . 100 /.

, Token Ring, , .

.

FDDI ( ), , .

: , -.

SNA

SNA ( ) IBM . . .

SNA (OSI).

INTERNET

Internet , , . Internet Apranet , . . TCP/IP.


1.6

().

, . , , . . , . . , , , , .

, , , .

. (). . : Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Windows NT, Unix Novel Netware. :

1.         :

          . . : , ;

          . . . (Netware) (Windows NT).

2.         :

          , , (Windows 98-2000, Windows NT, Unix);

          , , (Netware).

Windows 98-2000

Windows 95-2000 (), Windows NT Novel Netware. Windows 95-2000 ISO.

:

          icrosoft Netware ( );

          Novel Netware;

          Windows.

(Network Neighborhood). , . UNC (Universal Naming Convention) -: \\ \

, . , . UNC . . () (. 1.6),

( );

( , );

( , );

(, );

  ( Novell Netware).

, , .

, .

. , .

. , .

. 1.6.


, . , .

: Explorer (), Microsoft NetMeeting, Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft Inernet Explorer.

Explorer , .

Microsoft NetMeeting , , .

Microsoft Outlook ( Microsoft Office) .

Microsoft Inernet Explorer Internet. WEB- WWW, utlook Express, .

Windows NT

Windows NT 32- . , , .

Windows NT:

          ;

          (MS DOS OS/2, Windows 95-2000);

          ( - ).

Windows NT Windows NT Workstation Windows NT Server.

Windows NT Workstation ( Windows NT) , .

Windows NT Server ( Windows NT ) . . . , . , . .

Novell Netware 4.x

NETWARE :

          ;

          ;

          ;

          , ;

          ;

          ;

          : SPX/IPX, TCP/IP, NetBIOS, AppleTalk;

          .

Novell Netware 4.x , Netware Directory Database (NDD). , . ROOT (), . . , : , , , E-mail . : , , , , , . Netware (NDS).

Netware , , , , ( , ).

Netware , . :

          ;

          ( );

          , .

UNIX

UNIX , . , , -. , UNIX ( ) . , .

, , , , . ( ) ( ) . , . . , . , . - .

UNI . . 6 , :

1.         , . . , , .

2.         . , , , , . , , , .

3.         . UNIX (character) (blok) . , . . .

FIF ( ) , .

4.         . . . , , , , .

5.         . TCP/IP.

, . , . ( / ) :

          /bin , , , ;

          /dev , . , ;

          /etc . , ;

          /lib ;

          /lost+found , . ;

          /mnt ;

          /home ;

          /usr : , .

          /var ;

          /tmp , . .


2. Internet

2.1 Internet

Internet 60- 70- . Internet , , .

Internet .

: Internet-, , , .

nternet , . , , , , .

( ) TCP/IP, : Windows , UNIX, Macintosh . , .

, Internet, (IP). , 4 . Internet . , (, WEB- Internet WWW.MCP.COM). :

, . . 1 , .

1

COM
EDU
GOV
MIL
NET
ORG

. . , RU , UK , UA . , WEB- : WWW.KNEU.KIEV.UA.

2.2 Internet

2.2.1

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

WWW , . , () . , , HELP Microsoft. , , , . HTML.

, WWW, (URL), - . URL (UNIFORM RESOURS LOCATOR) , , . , URL WWW. URL :

:

. 2 , WWW.

WWW . TCP/IP . Internet Intranet.


2

*.wau microsoft Windows
*.mid IDI
*.snd , UNIX
*.au - // -
*.gif GIF
*.jpg JPEG
*.tif TIFF
*.mpg
*.mov
*.avi

WWW WEB-, , . http : , , . Web-: Microsoft Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator.

Microsoft Internet Explorer . 2.1.

. 2.1. MS Internet Explorer


Web- . .

2.2.2 Web-

() .

, Web- . , WEB-, . , . , , . : www.mckinley.com, www.yahoo.com, www.list.ru .

, . , . , . :

          (), Internet ;

          , . , , ;

          : - , .

. , .

, - .

. , , , . , .

- , , . .

, . , , , . .

, . .

: www.excite.com, www.altavista.com, www.infoseek.com, www.lycos.com, www.rambler.ru, www.yandex.ru, www.search.avanport.com.

, .


2.2.3 FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

FTP , . FTP- , . FTP- FTP, MS DOS. : FTP <IP-ddress>|<host-name>. FTP>, . :

          OPEN FTP-璺;

          CLOSE FTP-璺;

          QUIT BYE ;

          TYPE (ASCII) (BINARY);

          DIR IS ;

          CD ;

          GET < > [PATH < >] ;

          PUT .

. 2.2. FTP- TILE.NET

http://tile.net/ftp-list/ (. 2.2.) FTP-. : , , . CONTENT.

, NETSCAPE FTP- :

ftp://ftp2.netscape.com

ftp://ftp3.netscape.com

. . .

ftp://ftp20.netscape.com

ARCHIE. Internet EXPLORER, URL ARCHIE- (, http://archie.rutgers.edu/archie.html) Internet EXPLORER , SEARCH.

ARCHIE YAHOO LYCOS.

, , . CLICK : . ܻ ʻ.

2.2.4

, . : _@.. . , Windows 98 Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft Office 2000 Outlook Express. Web- Internet Explorer Netscape Communicator.

Outlook Express.

, . 2.3. , ( click , double click ), ( ), ( Delete). , , .

. 2.3.

(. . 2.4), CTRL+N. , (. 2.5), , .

. 2.4.

. 2.5.

Internet , , :

WWW.USA.NET

WWW.UKRPOST.NET

WWW.UKR.NET

WWW.AVANPORT.COM

.2.6. WWW.UKR.NET. , .

. 2.6. UKR.NET

. 2. 7.

. . . , , (. 2.7).

2.2.5 (USENET)

USENET , , . , , .. . Internet 20 , , , .

, , , - .

, , . INTERNET EXPLORER NETSCAPE COMMUNICATOR . , INTERNET EXPLORER / (. 2. 8).

. 2.8. INTERNET EXPLORER

2.2.6 TELNET

TELNET , . , , , . , TELNET, WWW.


2.3

. : , Internet, .

. :

          : , , , .

          -. - , , , .

          , . .

2.4 IP-

IP- , Internet. IP-, , , ( Internet) . , ( ), , Internet TCP/IP.


2.5 Internet

Internet :

          , ;

          ;

          . , - , WEB- : , .

, , :

1.         .

2.         , . , .

3.         .

(), , .

: . . . , . , , . .

. , 4- 16 (24) , 128- 2128. , , . , . : ( ).

, (). , . : ; ; , .

. , . , .

, . ( ).

, . . .

. .

. . , , .

. . . (, S/KEY), , , .

.

, , . Internet. , . :

          , IP- ;

          , .

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. , :