,,,
1. ,
1.1
1.2
1.3 ()
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
2. "
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
3.
3.1 .
3.2 LVDS M-LVDS
. , . . , , . , .. .
, , , , - , - .
IT- . - , . , . -.
- , , . , . , , , , , .
, , . , . . , , .
, , . , , , . , , , . - .
, , " ", , , , , .
, , . , .
. .
1. ,
, , , , . .. .
(Building Management System - BMS). , , , .
25 , , : , , , , .. , , , 2.
, , . - , , , ().
, LonWork BACNet, , . , .
1.1
, .. . .
- . . , , .
- internet Internet. internet , TCP/IP, Internet - , internet . , "TCP/IP" , " TCP/IP", " internet", " internet".
, , , .
, , . IP . IP . () , , IP-, . IP, , , , , ; ( ) , .
( ) , IP- . IP , , . IP- . , .
, , . , , . , . TCP/IP.
-
OSI | , OSI |
DNS, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, LDAP, POP3, L2TP, SNMP, SMTP, SSH, Telnet, XMPP (Jabber) | |
/ | SSL, TLS |
TCP, UDP | |
BGP, EIGRP, ICMP, IGMP, IP, IS-IS, OSPF, RIP | |
Arcnet, ATM, Ethernet, Frame relay, HDLC, PPP, SLIP, Token ring |
CAD computer Aided Design ()
. . (,3D). . CAD. CAD CAM CAE.
CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing. , . , CAD.
CAE Computer Aided Engineering. . , ( ) .
PDM Product Data Management. . , , , , .
CAD/CAM/CAE/PDM =
, . , . , , .
:
- , , .
- .
- .
- .
, , , , .
:
- , ;
- , ;
- , ;
- , .
- , . , . , .13
1.3 ()
, . , , , , , . .
, , - , , . 2.
1.4
. , , .
, . , . , : , , , . - , .
, - , , , .
, , . 3 :
-
-
- -
: , , , , . , , - , - , - .
, - - , , , , .
- . , , , . GSM , - , . . . , , , , ..
1.5
, , , , .
, . , . - , , , , , 2.
: , .
10 (frames per second, fps), , . 15 fps. 24fps.
CIF (Common Interchange Format) :
SQCIF 128x96
QCIF 176x144
CIF 352288
4CIF 704x576
16CIF 1408x1152
H.261 () - , 64 /, CIF QCIF
H.263, H.263+ H.261 < 64 /, 5 .
1.6
:
( ).
. , , , , , , .
, .
1.7
, . - , . 1-3 , . , , . , . , , , . , , .
- , .
2. " "
, , . , , . (, , , , ) , , , . , , . , () . . , , . , , , , . , . , .. . . , , , , , . . -, . . , , . , , , . , - , , 4-5 . ( ) , 1.
. +24, . , , . , , . , .
, , , , , . , , . , , , . , , , , 5.
, , , , , , . . , , , , . . , , , , . , , , . , , , , . .
2.1
, , , , .
, , . , . , , , , , . , , . : LON (LonWorks), EIB, X10.
LonWorks
LON- - . . . , . , LON , , , , , , , .
, , LonWorks LonTalk. , RS 485. RS-485 , , () OSI. , (). RS-232, RS-485 .
RS-485 32 /, , RS- 255 , . , , -, . RS-485 .
LonWorks , .
, LonWorks 6.
EIB
, EIB-. EIB (European Installation Bus), , - , . EIB , LonWorks. . EIB EIB 6.
, , X10 , . , , . 1975. Pico Electronics , .
X10 , . X10 256 , . . .
, X10 , 6.
X10. 80- , , . , X10, , , . . , , . , . .
X10 . , SmartHuse. , - .
AMX Crestron
. , . . , . , , , , X10. , , . .
EIB C-Bus
. , , . , , , , , .. , , C-Bus 100 255 . , . , , 1999 , -2000, .
. , , . , , , . , , , . . , , DVD- , . 6.
2.2
, , . , . , .
.
. . . , .
.
. , . .
.
, . 10 (EIB, X-10, RS-485, .). , , , . , .
, (, ) ( ) . . .
, . , , .
2.3
, , . , , . , , , (, ). .
) .
, , 12 . .
) .
() . . . 15 17 . , , . .
) .
, , . . , , , . . , 10 . 4 (Pocket PC), , , . 10 10
3.
. ( ) . PC Centronics, LPT-, ATA, SCSI . , (, ) . (, RS-232C, -, Fire Wire, SPI, JTAG), (USB, 12).
. .
, . . , , . , , .
90- DDR (Dual Data Rate). (). ( ) , . , , , . ( UltraDMA) SCSI (UltralSO ), (DDR SDRAM), (Pentium 4).
, , , . SCSI , , PCI. ISA , , UltraDMA . , , , ( , ). ( ), , , .
:
-,
-
-.
. , , . . ( ).
. , . , . .
/ (Hot Swap), . -, , , , . -, , . , , , SCSI , . USB Fire Wire . . , , SCSI. , 8.
3.2 LVDS M-LVDS
, . . LVDS (Low-Voltage Differential Signaling ) M-LVDS (Multipoint-LVDS ). , . . - . , .
. 1 .
1.
. 1 , . - "" "" .
30 50 / TIA/EIA-422 (RS-422, multidrop) TIA/EIA-485 (RS-485, multipoint). , 7 - . 50 / , , LVDS M-LVDS. 10 / - (ECL - emitter-coupled logic) - (PECL - positive ECL). .
. . 2 .
2.
, LVDS M-LVDS . , . 2.
, LVDS M-LVDS . . , LVDS M-LVDS.
, , ( -). - . (Multipoint) , . .
LVDS ( - , TIA/EIA-644) , RS-485 ( TIA/EIA-485). " - " M-LVDS ( TIA/EIA-899-2001), (Half-Duplex Multipoint - ). M-LVDS - RS-485, , 32 500 /c.
LVDM . ( ). M-LVDS. National Semiconductor BusLVDS BLVDS. LVDM BusLVDS 8 10 . M-LVDS - 11 .
3.3
, , () , , . , .
: 20 Hz 20 kHz. 100 Hz 7 kHz. .
3.4
G.711 () - (3.1 kHz) 48, 56 64 /,
G.722 - (7 kHz) 48, 56 64 /; , G.711,
G.728 - (3.4 kHz) 16 /, LD-CELP; (H.320, H.323)
G.723.1 - 5.3 / 6.4 /; , (H.324, H.323)
G.729 A/B - AS-CELP.
A: , ,
B:
3.5
T.120 - , ; .
3.6
H.320 - ITU-T . ISDN, T1, E1 .
H.321 - ISDN, ATM.
H.322 - .
H.323 - H.320 .
H.324 - .
3.7
H.221 - 64 ? 1920 / (H.320)
H.231 - (MCU) H.320
H.242 - 2 Mbps (H.320)
Q.931 - (H.323)
RAS - (Registration/Admission/Status) - (H.323)
H.225 - (H.323)
H.235 - H.323: ,
H.243, H.245 - (MCU) H.323
H.281 -
H.331 - (streaming)
H.450.x -
3.8
:
(codec) - (, ) .
- IP-.
(MCU). MCU H.323 , , , - , .
3.9
ISDN- IP-.
(H.225/H.221 H.245/H.242).
, .
- , , IP-, . , , , , , .
- (firewalls proxies) .
- (streaming) - , .
: Cisco IP/TV Apple QuickTime
,
( ), , ISDN ( PRI / BRI), IP, Frame Relay ATM.
ISDN
ISDN - ( Integrated Service Digital Network ), ISDN-, , . ISDN : BRI (Basic Rate Interface, ) PRI (Primary Rate Interface, ). ISDN , 64 /. BRI - (64/ ) D- (16 /). PRI 30- B- D-, 64/ .
.320 ISDN. (Bandwidth ON Demand) B?, . 2B (128 /) ; 6B (384 /), , .
ISDN . (Multipoint Control Unit - MCU). MCU H.320 ISDN-, .
IP
IP - H.323, 1996 , 2000 (IP-). .
IP?, ISDN-, , , . IP-, .
IP- ( Quality of Service, QoS), .
Frame Relay
Frame Relay - (WAN), .
ATM
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ) - , ( ). , , , -. (, ) .
XDSL
XDSL - xDSL . ADSL, - SDSL. IP xDSL. , : . , ADSL: , ( ) 9.
, , . . , . .
, , , - IT-.
, , , .
IT- , . , , , .
. , - .
, " ", , . . , .
" " . , , .
, " ". IT-.
.
. , , , .
, - . , .
1. : http://www.stroinauka.ru/d26dr8133m7rr4616.html
2. : http://www.dics.com.ua/dics_home.php
3. : http://y-dom.com.ua/i99l0.html
4. : http://yakorev.com.ru/udom1.html
5. : http://www.housecontrol.ru/function.php
6. : http://www.hifinews.ru/article/details/4737.htm : .
7. : http://yakorev.com.ru/smart1.html
8. : http://share.auditory.ru/2009/Vladislav.Baturin/IPU.doc
9. : http://www.ttvs.kz/index.php?p=dictionary
10. /. .-.: " " "Channel Traing ltd.", 1999.-384.: . .-13-23, 28, 29, 34, 35.
11. , / . . -.: , 2008. 688 .: . .- 441, 526.
12. ., . . 2- . .: 2004.- 765 .:
13. .. .. л. : . 1990 . . 22, 25.
1. , 1.1 1.2 1.3
Copyright (c) 2024 Stud-Baza.ru , , , .