,,,
1.
( 100 ) IT . . , , , . , ( , ..).
CorpKAM.
2.
2.1
2.1.1
.1 CorpKAM
( ) :
- Manufacture (M) B;
- Research (R) C;
:
1 . :
- Human Resource (HR);
- Sales (S);
- Information Technologies (IT).
2 . :
- Executive (E);
- Accounting (Acc);
- Business (Bus).
3, 4, 5 , :
3 . Project 1 (P1);
4 . Project 2 (P2);
5 . Project 3 (P3).
2- .
B:
- , , 1, - 2. , Production (P). Manufacture (M) ( ) , , 1.
:
Internet , ADSL. Research , 1 Research 1 (R1), 2 Research 2 (R2).
, ISDN. SOHO, PSTN Dial-up 56 /.
2.1.2
, N=5.
(1, ISDN, ASDL) .
.
- Ethernet 100/1000BASE-T ( cat5 ) FDDI.
, .
IP_ (Public_IP) 131.107..0/24, =50*G+N G={1, 2, 3} , N- . , x=50*1+5=55 131.107.55.0/24.
(Private_IP) ICANN 10.55.0.0/16
K = 5, L = 1, N = 5, G = 1.
1
Project 1 | Project 2 | Project 3 | ||||
() | , | . . | . . | . . | . . | |
1 | 20 | 10 | ||||
4 | 13 | 16 | ||||
5 | 9 | 17 |
3 Manufacture.
2 Manufacture
Manufacture | ||
() | . , | |
M1 | 25 | 10 |
M2 | 16 | 22 |
P | 10 | 37 |
4 Research
Res 1 | Res 2 | |||
() | , | . | . . | |
1 | 9 | 20 | ||
2 | 6 | 10 |
5
Human Resource, IT gr., Sales Manag. | Accounting | Business | ||||
() | , | . . | . . . | . . | . . . . | |
5 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 13 | 3 | 7 |
VPN-L2TP/IPSec, 3Com.
:
- Active Directory;
- Web FTP CorpKAM , (intranet) ;
- , Web FTP-;
- ;
- , Research;
- ;
- IPSec;
- VPN;
- (ASDL/ISDN);
- WLAN;
- (*);
- , (*);
- , (*);
- .
* - ( ) .
3.
, , , .
3.1
, . , , :
- ;
- , ;
- (4 /);
- , 7 22 , , 50% 1,5*22*4=132 . , , 4 , , 30 .
- , .
, .
3.1.1 ()
( ), . , , ( ). , . , . , , ( ).
, , . .
, , . , , . , , , ( 1).
1. 1
1 2 X Y , N*M , W L , . W L . 3.1.2 .
:
(1)
, 0 ( ) (N+M) ( ).
( 2). . (N+M)/2, :
(2)
, , , (N+M) 1.5*(N+M) .
2. 2 .
, , 1.
(1) (2) ,
, , N+M 2Z, Z.
. , , Z 11-12 . , Z 15-17 ( 25-30 % , , , . .).
X, Y Z , , .
, , UTP cat5. X+Y<=90. UTP cat5 100, IEEE 90 . ( , ) X+Y=90. , ,
(3)
(3) , , , , . ,
(4)
1) , (1). Z=(N+M)/2. Z<15, Z=15.
2) , , (4).
3.1.2 ()
, (1-2 ), . , , , . , , .
, . .
, , , . , , , , , , . , . , .
, , , ( , ). 3 .
3.
1 2. 2W*2L. , .
1) , . , Z=(N+M)/2, UTP cat5 (. 3.1.1), (. 3.1.1). , Z=15 (. 3.1), ,
(5)
(5) , W+L=120, . . , UTP cat5, W 105 (120-105=15 ). UTP cat5 90 . , W, .
, . , . , , 15 . 20, B 25, 9. , , (. 3.1). , A 20*225=4500 2, 25*225=5625 2, 9*225=2025 2.
2) , . . , . . , .
3.1.3
. , (5), , W,L<=90 W+L<=120. 4WL. , .
: S=4500 2, , 50*90. , W=90/2=45 L=50/2=25. W+L=70<=120 , , .
, . , 20*180, W=20/2=10, L=180/2=90. W+L=100<=120 , .
B: S==5625 2, , 45*125. , W=125/2=62,5 L=45/2=22,5. W+L=85<=120 , , .
, . , 90*62,5, W=90/2=45, L=62,5/2=31,25. W+L=96,25<=120 , .
: S=2025 2. , .
, UTPcat5 . , , .
, . 3.1.1-3.1.2, :
- 50*90 2, 5;
- 45*125 2, 3;
- 27*752, 2.
3.2
3.2.1
Ethernet 100/1000Base TX FDDI. FDDI , , , , .
Ethernet 100Base TX. , .
, , , + 50% , Ethernet 100Base-TX, Ethernet 1000Base-TX. , . , (, ), , UTP cat5, ( 10-15 ) .
, . , , 120 550 ( 50%). , 3- , . 1000 /, , , . , , , . , , ( PortTrunking ). , .
, , 1000 /. , .
. 3- , , . 1000 / .
WiFi.
3.2.2
3Com, Internet www.levovosd.ru www.apitcom.ru. , . (, , , , ..) , () . ( ADSL,T1,Dial-Up .), .
3COM Switch 4210 26-Port. 24 Ethernet 100 / 2 1000 /. ( Web-), QoS. 2- 1000 /, , . PortTrunking, . VLAN.
Baseline Switch 2916-SFP Plus. 2- , 256 VLAN , Port Trunking 8- 8 . , 14. , , .
, , 3Com Switch 8800 48-Port 10/100/1000BASE-T IPv6. 3-, VLAN, . RIP, OSPF, IGMP, PIM(SM,DM), VRRP, BGP4, IS-IS. .
( ) 2U HP ProLiant DL380 G5. , .
APC SUA3000RMI2U. 3000 . . , , , . .
IBM PC, . 1000-1500$.
3.3
2 : , , .
, , GNU- . , . , .
, , 98, NT Prof, XP Prof, 2000 Prof. , XP Prof, . OpenOffice.org 3.0, GNU MS Office. OpenWebMail (http://openwebmail.org/). , , .
Windows 2003 Server. : Web, Datacenter, Enterprice, Standart. Web Datacenter , . Enterprice Statndart :
- Itanium;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
, , , Windows 2003 Server Standart Edition. , .
4.
, (DNS, AD, DHCP).
3.1 IP
IP ( DHCP)
3.1.1 IP
5 . 2 , 3, 4 5- . IP , 1,2 5.
, , , 1- . , 10.55.0.0/16.
6 IP
( 50%) | IP | IP | ||
1 | (Human Resource) | 40(60) | 64(10.55.0.192/26) | 256 |
1 | Sales (S) | 40(60) | 64(10.55.0.128/26) | |
1 | IT | 40(60) | 64(10.55.0.64/26) | |
1 | 30(45) | 64(10.55.0.0/26) | ||
2 | Executive (E) | 15(23) | 32(10.55.1.0/27) | 192 |
2 | Accounting (Acc) | 52(78) | 128(10.55.1.128/25) | |
2 | Business (Bus) | 21(32) | 32(10.55.1.32/27) | |
3 | Project 1 (P1) | 200(300) | 512(10.55.2.0/23) | 512 |
4 | Project 2 (P2) | 208(312) | 512(10.55.4.0/23) | 512 |
5 | Project 3 (P3) | 153(230) | 256(10.55.6.0/24) | 256 |
10.55.1.96/26 (64 ) 10.55.7.0/24 (256 ). B C.
. , , , , . , .
C , DNS, FTP, RAS/VPN, Mail, Web IP ( MAC IP , DHCP). DHCP (, ) IP , . , .
FireWall- 131.107.55.0/24(256 ). firewall- , Internet ADSL , ISDN, , ( WireWall-, internet NAT), .
3.1.2 IP B
B 1 1,544 /, , .
7 IP
( 50%) | IP | IP | ||
3 | M1 | 250(375) | 512(10.55.8.0/23) | 1568 |
2 | M2 | 352(528) | 512(10.55.10.0/23) | |
1 | P | 370(555) | 512(10.55.12.0/23) | |
1 | 15(45) | 32(10.55.14.0/27) |
10.55.14.0.0/23 (512 ), 10.55.14.0/27 (32 ) B.
, DNS, DHCP, , .
3.1.3 IP
B ADSL, 6,1 / , , .
7 IP C
( 50%) | IP | IP | ||
1 | R1 | 180(240) | 256(10.55.16.0/24) | 256 |
2 | R2 | 60(90) | 256(10.55.17.0/24) | 288 |
2 | 15(45) | 32(10.55.18.0/27) |
10.55.18.0/24 (256 ), 10.55.18.0/27 (32 ) C.
C , DNS, DHCP, , .
3.2 DNS
AD, DNS DHCP , AD DNS, . , DNS AD, .
Active Directory, DNS. , . . DNS (split-brain DNS). DNS , . , .
DNS , 2 DNS, . , ( ) Internet.
DNS, , DNS, IP-, . DNS-; , IP-, .
DNS Intranet (firewall), DNS (DMZ) Internet. DNS, . Internet- DNS-. , Internet Intranet, . DNS- Internet, , DNS-. DNS , .
DNS AD . -, AD DNS . -, . , AD . DNS .
CorpKAM . , corpkam.ru. WAN, corpkam.ru. : manuf. corpkam.ru. res.corpkam.ru B C.
, DNS- AD Windows 2003 Enterprice Server. (Secondary), . , , .
, DNS- . , DNS- , , . ( DMZ) , . DNS , DNS- , , .
DNS- forwarder DNS-, DNS- DNS , DNS-, (root-hints). , , .
DNS 3 DNS-: , . main. corpkam.ru ( ), proj.corpkam.ru ( Active Directory). forwarding- , , . DNS-, , DNS- .
DNS- B DNS- A.
C , B DNS- , DNS- C - (stub-zone). , , DNS-, . DNS-, , .
, DNS- C stub-zone A B. forwarder-DNS DNS- .
DNS- Dynamic DNS Updates, , . ADIZ, (secure updates). AD , DNS.
3.3 WINS
, Windows 98, NetBIOS. DNS NetBIOS. WINS.
WINS 10-15 . NetBIOS 16- , . 15 16- , , , , . WINS NetBIOS IP-. NT 4, , WINS, NetBIOS IP-. 2 WINS-, WINS-.
WINS DNS NetBIOS. DNS WINS. DNS WINS ( WINS), DNS WINS , .
WINS . , AD , , , .
3.4 DHCP
, TCP/IP, IP-. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, ) IP-. DHCP , TCP/IP. TCP/IP ( , DNS-).
DHCP : DHCP- DHCP-. DHCP DHCP- TCP/IP. DHCP , IP- . . , . DHCP . IP- . IP- DHCP- TCP/IP, , DNS WINS.
Windows Server 2003 DHCP- ( ), DHCP- ( ).
DHCP , , . , DHCP , IP , , ( , 3 ), , DHCP, RFC 1542. DHCP (DHCP Relay Agent) DHCP. DHCP , DHCP/BOOTP DHCP-. DHCP . DHCP DHCP-, DHCP- .
Baseline Switch 2916-SFP Plus RFC 1542, ( ). IP , .
2 DHCP- .
DHCP- , (. . scopes). DHCP , IP- DHCP . , DHCP, , DHCP . , DHCP DHCP TCP/IP.
9 . HR, Sales, IT, Exec, Bus, Acc, Project 1, Project 2 DHCP-, Project 3 . 80/20 , Microsoft.
DHCP :
- (start IP address);
- (End IP address);
- (Subnet mask length);
- (Exclusions)
- (Reservation).
DHCP- HR ( 10.55.0.192/26): 10.55.0.192, - 10.55.0.255. 26 ( , 255.255.255.192), : 10.55.4.1 10.55.4.10.
B DHCP- M1 M2, P. 80/20, .
C (scopes) R1 R2.
DHCP . - , DHCP. , DHCP- Active Directory. DHCP Active Directory, IP DHCP. , DHCP .
3.5 Active Directory(AD)
Active Directory Windows 2003 Server. Active Directory , , . , , , , , , , , , , , (object). Active Directory Windows 2003 Server :
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
Active Directory . Windows 2003.
Active Directory , , OU ( , ). . Active Directory DNS.
10 . , . , Active Directory.
. , .
. , .
. , .
, ( ; ; ; , ), Active Directory CorpKAM . .
, , . , , . . ( , ), Domain Admins, Schema Admins, Enterprise Admins. , . , , . .
. 2 ( B C), .
. . , . .
, , . , .
, 2 . , .
corpKAM.ru. (main.corpkam.ru), B (manuf.corpkam.ru) C (res.corpkam.ru). (, ). . , , proj.corpkam.ru.
Active Directory, (), :
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
. , A 9 , B 3 , C 2 . (proj.corpiso.ru) .
Active Directory. . Active Directory, IP-, . .
3 LAN ( ), WAN, . , . . Active Directory . A 3 : , A . B C .
, , , WAN. . , .
, . . . . . . .
AD , .
(Schema Master) , . Schema Admins. , . . , . . .
(Domain Naming Master) . , , / - . Enterprise Admins, , , . , . , . . , , , . . .
PDC (PDC Emulator) ( Windows 2000), , , . , master browser , NetBIOS. AD, . , , .
, PDC PDC , PDC .
(Relative Identifier Master) , RID , : DN SID, ID . , , , , .
(Infrastructure Master) AD. , GUID DN SID. , .
, , . , , , , , . , , . , , .
, : - , . . PDC .
, AD. Windows 2003 multi-master ( ), , Active Directory. , Windows 2003 Active Directory, , , site links ( ) . Active Directory . , , . connection objects (-). , , Knowledge Consistence Checker (KCC - : ). 15 -, (, - ).
:
1) RPC over IP Remote Presage Call over IP , , .
2) SMTP- , ,
Active Directory , , .
Active Directory . , .
. Active Directory , .
3.6 (WLAN)
WLAN.
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network). Wi-Fi. IEEE 802.11, , , , a, b, g n. , , IEEE 802.11g, 54 /. WiFi .
Windows Server 2003 MS-CHAP v2, , MPPE (Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption) . , MS-CHAP. MS-CHAP v2 , MS-CHAP, ( ), MS-CHAP. MS-CHAP v2 , Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows 98, Windows Millennium Edition Windows NT 4.0. , Windows 95, MS-CHAP v2 VPN, .
- EAP-MS CHAP V2, , .
WiFi 3CRWE454G75. IEEE 802.11g WPA, EAP, , MS CHAP V2.
3.7 DMZ
DMZ , , , . DMZ . , , , .
DMZ :
- DMZ: Mail, Web, ftp, DNS RAS;
- ( );
- DMZ ( , ).
Mail, Web ftp , GNU( ). , FreeBSD, . , . , Web Apach PHP MySQL PostgreSQL. . .
DMZ , , . Mail ftp, Web .
RAS Windows Server 2003, . FreeBSD . , DNS AD, OC Windows 2003 Server.
. . . ( ) . , , . , .
1) 2 firewall- DMZ , - DMZ
2) : . , DMZ .
:
- . , DMZ, ;
- , , ;
- .
, . 1 2, . . , , WAN DMZ, .
firewall. firewall FreeBSD, firewall Smoothwall. . NAT(. 3.7.1), FireWall-a.
, DMZ, :
- 5 ;
- 1 ;
- 5680 OfficeConnect ADSL Wireless.
3.7.1 IP , NAT
NAT . WAN, DMZ.
DMZ IP . Dial-Up (. 3.7.3) NAT firewall. IP firewall, .
3.8
, CorpKAM , , A.
3.8.1 1
, . T1. DNS, , . B 5680, T1. .
T1 - PDH - , , ISDN. T1 OSI: , . T1, T1.
( 64 / ) T1, T1, .. , T1 , . . T1 . T1.
: HDB3 (), AMI.
, , / | |||
(Tx) | (DSx)Jx | (Ex) | |
1 () T1 | 1544 (24 ) | 1544 (24 ) | 2048 (30 64kbps) |
2 () T2 | 6312 (96 ) | 6312 (96 ) | 8448 (120 64kbps) |
3 () T3 | 44736 (672 ) | 32064 (480 ) | 34368 (480 64kbps) |
4 () - T4 | 274176 (4032 ) | 97728 (1440 ) | 139264 (1920 64kbps) |
5 () | * * | 397200 | 564992 |
, , . , VPN .
3.8.2 ADSL
Research ( C) Internet , ADSL. OfficeConnect ADSL Wireless , FreeBSD PPPD. , , Smoothwall. VPN- WPA/WPA2 128- bit TKIP/AES wireless encryption, 40/64-bit 128-bit WEP . , A C, VPN-.
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - ) , DSL (Digital Subscriber Line - ) xDSL.
4. ADSL
ADSL - "" (.. , ) , "" ( ).
ADSL ( ). . (Echo Cancellation), "" "" ( 5) .
5.
VPN, .3.8.4.
3.8.3 ISDN
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). ISDN 64 / ( B-) (D-).
"B" (Bearer) - , , c 64 /. "", .. , , D-.
"D" (Delta) - 16 (BRI) 64 (PRI) /. "D" 2 30 () - , , .
BRI (Basic Rate Interface) - 144 / (EuroISDN); "B" "D". BRI ISDN-. (multiple subscriber numbers). ISDN , BRI- - .
BRI, ISDN, , , - U-.
PRI (Primary Rate Interface) - B- (, - 30 - 2,048 /). BRI, . , , c ISDN, PRI BRI-. PRI- (SDSL) (HDSL) .
, ISDN :
- ( 1 10 );
- , , ;
- 8 (, , , .), , ;
- , ;
- - 128 / , 51200 / ( );
- ( (CLIP), (MSN), -, , 3- ..).
64 /c ( , ), :
- ;
- ISDN- 64 /c;
- ISDN- 128 /c ( ).
:
- ISDN , , , , - ;
- ISDN , ( ), ( , - DDR) ( "") 64 128 /c;
- ISDN- , ;
- .
VPN, .3.8.4.
3.8.4 Dial-Up
SOHO, Dial-up. VPN RAS Windows 2003 Server, . ( ), VPN- ( ).
VPN (Point-to-Point Protocol), (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol). IPSec L2TP, , PPTP.
VPN- :
- VPN- - , VPN- VPN.
- VPN- - , VPN- VPN. VPN- .
- - , . . VPN-, , .
- VPN- - , .
- - , . WS2003 PPTP L2TP.
- - , -.
- - , . WS2003 IP. IP-.
6. VPN-
:
L2TP , IP-, IP- IP- . , , .
IPSec (IPSec ) IP- IP-, IP- IP- .
IPSec TM VPN- , , IP- . IPSec TM VPN- WS2003.
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) PPP , . PPTP MPPE (Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption) . PPP MPPE , MS-CHAP, MS-CHAP v2 EAP-TLS.
PPP, IP - GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) IP. IP- VPN- VPN-.
7. PPP
L2TP (Layer Two Tunneling Protocol) RFC, . L2TP , IPSec. L2TP IPSec L2TP/IPSec. L2TP/IPSec VPN, .
8. L2TP
L2TP/IPSec .
1. L2TP - PPP (IP- IPX-) L2TP UDP.
2. L2TP- IPSec ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload), IPSec, , IP. IP- VPN- VPN-.
L2TP DES 3DES , IKE (Internet Key Exchange).
L2TP/lPSec
1) IPSec ESP , , (). , .
2) L2TP/IPSec , , .
3) L2TP/IPSec , , , - IPSec. - - ;
4) L2TP\IPSec . , . , . (Connection Manager).
L2TP/IPSec
1) . L2TP/IPSec VPN- VPN-. .
2) (NAT), NAT -. VPN-, L2TP/IPSec, NAT-, VPN .
, VPN- :
- ;
- ;
- .
, , , . : , . :
- , VPN- ;
- Active Directory, .
Active Directory. , . .
CorpKAM VPN L2TP\IPSec c , , , VPN.
3.9
QoS. , , QoS .
5.
CorpKAM. . 3Com, /. , .
.
, Active Directory. , , . , .
DNS Active Directory. DNS-. DNS WAN.
. VPN L2TP\IPSec.
1. ( 100 ) IT .
Copyright (c) 2025 Stud-Baza.ru , , , .