. , , ,

,,,

-

. ..

:


1998


1.

, . , , , , , , . - . , . , . , . , . , , . , , , - . , , . , .

, ( , , , , ), , , .. :

-                       , ;

-                       , , ( ). .

-                       , .. , .

( , 10-20 () , 10-20 - ), , , ( ), . ( ).

2. -

- 1987 , . , , 1991 Д. , ( ). 1992-94 , . , , , - .

. , , , , . , , 1998 12 , 10,7 1,5 - . - , 1992-94 1,0 , 1995 - 1,6 , 1996 2 , 1997 4,2 . , ( ) , . , 2,5 , - 10 , - 25 , - 60-65 . 1997 , - . , , ( 1997 10,4 , .. )

- , , 2% .

, :

Ø      

Ø      

Ø      

Ø      

Ø      

Ø      

, (- - Standard & Poors, Ba3 Moodys, BB+ Fitch IBCA B+ Thompson Bankwatch[1]).

, . .

3.

:

                                 );

                                

                                

                                 (), .

, 1987-1991 . , ( - ). , - , , - , ( ) ( ) 100%- . , ( 1997 26% , 9% ( ), 54% ( 2,1 ) - )[2]

( , , - ). , ( .. ), . 1995 . , .. ( , ).

(). ( , .) . , .., .

. - ( / /, , - ), (, , , , , ).

- . , , . , , . :

1.                    , . , . - (Exxon, Amoco, Occidental Petroleum), (Procter & Gamble), (CocaCola, BAT Industries, Philip Morris), (Chase Manhattan Bank, Citibank, ABN-AMRO), - (Siemens, Alcatel, US West);

2.                   

3.                   

, , , . , , , , ( , ), ( ).

- , 1997 67 , 20% - . , - , ( - ) ( , -, - ), (, , , , ). , 1995 55%

. , , , . ( ) .. - , , (, , , , ) , - , ( ).

, , . , ( ) :

- ( , );

                                

                                

                                

                                

                                

, , . , .

4.

, , . , , - , , .

. :

Ø      

Ø      

Ø      

Ø      

:

- , ;

- , , .

4.1.

1992-93 . , :

- ( ) - . , (, 33 1994 16 ). , , ( );

- ( - ) , , . , , , , - , ;

- , .

. , 1993-94 . , (Credit Suisse First Boston, Fleming, Pioneer), , , (Brunswick, ).

, (emerging markets), , , . , , . , . , .

. :

- , , - , , ;

- - - , ..

, , . , Δ , . ( ) , , , (, , ). , , .

. - , , .

, . " , .

, , , - , . , , , , . , , , . , Δ - , - .

. , , - .

, , . (.. ADR GDR).

, , . , , , , . - . , , :

- - , ;

- ;

- , , ;

- , , , ;

- ( - ), .

, , , .

4.2.

. , - , , , . , ( ).

:

- () () , , ;

- () , , . , , .

1993 (/), , . , , - , , , . /, , ( - ) , , .. , , , 1996 3-5 /, 600 1 .

, , 1996 , , 1996 . , / / , .

, / , , - Merrill Lynch, Lehman Brothers, J.P. Morgan, Credit Suisse .. , ( ).

, 24 1998 4 , 1.25 , 9,442% .[3]

5.

, , , , , . :

-                      

-                       ;



[1] , N 12 (119) 30 1998

[2] 1997

[3] , N 12 (119) 30 1998

. .. :

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :