,,,
- . , , ( ) , . , . , .
1996 . $6 . 506 . 127 . 1 1997 . , - , $13,5 . , ( ) 1996 . $3,5 . , 1996 ., ( , ) $2 . 090 ., 32%. $4 . 370,7 . (67% ). , 1995 ., 2,3 ( 130%). , , 1- 1996 . . 1995 . 11%.
66% ($4 . 291,6 .) .
, $1 . 695 . (26,1%), - $1 . 323 . (20,3%), - $980 . (15,1%), - $486 . (7,5%).[1]
, , .
, , , . , , . , , .. .
, ( ) .
, .
, , , , .
, , , . .
$28,7 . 3 . Banque Indosuez, . Euroclear Cedel. $100 .[2]
Tempelton Investment Management Tempelton Russia[3].
- Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP) 465 . ( $94 .). ( ) . BNP , [4].
() ( ) CommerzBank. DM1.3 . . . , , [5].
Bayerische Landesbank [6].
. ( ) - 15% . . , [7]. , .
(-) $25 . 12 , , , , , , , , Citibank International (), Dresdner Bank Luxembourg () BayerischeVereinsbank (). , - Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS, , ).[8]
, $85 . , - Seoulbank Korea Merchant Banking Corp. London Forfaiting Asia Ltd.[9]
(ADR), . , , . , ADR, . . , , ADR , .
, , , . .
, , .
, , , . , , [10]. , ( ) .
, , (-), -, , [11]. 1994 . , $35 .[12]
$400 ., 7% , 젠 : , , , -, -, , [13].
( $300 .). , , , . . 13 , , -, , (-), , , , , , , , . 11 13 .[14]
, ($20 .) 33 . -.[15]
.
, . 젠 堠 蠠 , . , [16].
$100 . 5 . , , [17].
:
- ;
- ;
- .
.
. , , :
, ;
.
, .
: , , ; - , .
. ( - ), . , . . . , - , . , , , .
136 [18], 154 18 50%.[19] , , .. .
. :
; , ;
, ;
;
;
.
, .
, ( ) . , . , Creditanstalt Investment Bank, , 6 . - ( ) .
, . , , ..
. , . . ( ) .
, .
Philips . є ( ).
-DAILY - : Morgan Stanley, . - . - - [20].
. , , [21].
CS First Boston , [22].
, , , (.. ).
, , 50% , - . . , - [23].
Trans World Metals[24], [25].
. , . , Sovlink Corp., AT&T Capital Corp., Baker Hughes Inc. FMC Corp. , - 10%.[26]
. . - $40 . ( - $5 .).[27] .[28]
Bangkok Bank of Commerce Public Company -. : , , - [29].
. :
;
( , );
.
, .. , , .
.
TWINNING . - . , - Deloitte & Touche [30].
.
, ( - ) $5 .[31]
Bayerische Vereinbank AG DM20 . [32]. , .
CIC 1995 . , [33].
(Export Guaranty Trade Corp.) , - . [34].
, - .
Banco do Brazil , , , [35].
. ( ) , .
, Euromin . , ( ) Euromin . . , , , , Euromin.[36] - Euromin - , . 24% (Euromin - 35%), , Euromin. , , , Glencore ( Euromin) [37].
. , Citibank , .[38] , . , Chase Manhattan Bank N.A. ( ) , , [39]. , , .
, , . , , . , ABN Amro Bank, , , , [40].
, , - , , . McDonalds, Mars, Coca-Cola, Funai .. . .
, - , 70-80- , , ABB, Siemens, Nokia. , \ , , , , Exxon, Amoco, Chevron, Conoco, Trans World Metals.
, , . , ( , , ).
, - ABB ( ). 1994 . $1.66 .[41] , ABB [42] - [43].
ABB 20 , : - , , , , [44]. ABB-Chevron : , , , , , .
Siemens, 11 100%- , , , [45]. , [46], [47].
. Siemens . , , , , .. [48].
, - - , . , - ( ). . , Yapi, - , Yapi--Bank (51% Yapi) , [49].
- ... (). - Norrexim (). : ( ), ( ), є ( ) , , , - Ô. Norpexal. 35% () 19% .[50]
( ), . , ( ) . , ( ) , ( ), . , .
Nokia, , , , [51], - .
Coca-Cola - [52]. , - .
Rank Xerox 17 ( , , Rank Xerox). , Xerox ( ) Rank Xerox.
Baskin Robbins . , ( Baskin Robbins), , , [53].
, , , , . , - . , , , , .[54]
, , , . . , General Electric $125 .[55] , , , General Electric , , .
, , , : , Siemens 2000 SECAM PAL[56].
- . , , , . Japan Chrome, , , , [57].
, .. , . , . , ( ), .. .
, Edward fon Ler , . Edward fon Ler - Cherchill and Sim, .[58]
, , . , . .
. , - ( ); (.. ). - -96 Pritte&Whitney. Pritte&Whitney - - [59].
( ) $10 . 90% . [60].
. . , . , - , , . , .
, . , , , .. - Coca-Cola, General Electric . , .[61]
, . , , , (, , , ). , , .
- , , . , .
, , , , . , , , ., [62]. , , .
, - , , , . , .
- . ( ), ( - ) ( ). - - , ; - - . , , .
, - Coca-Cola 48 , 18 , 30 - . \ , (, Coca-Cola ) [63]. Mars 10 [64].
. , - [65]. , . , Occidental Company ( ) , 1993 ., [66].
, - .
. , . , ( , ). $100 ., , , : [67].
, , , ( ) , . ( ) . , . , ABB . , ABB : ..[68] . , [69].
, , . , , ( , , ). , . .
, , . , , . , , . - ( ) , . ( ) , , [70]. , , ( ) .
, , ( ) , . , (, - ) , .
:
1) , , .
2) , : ( ) , .
3) , , , .
4) , .
5) ( -) , .
6) : - , , , . .
7) , . , .
8) , .
, , , , . , , .
McDonalds ( ), Coca-Cola ( ), Funai ( ). Mars ( - $100 .)[71], Cadburi ( )[72]. Philipp Morris $60 .
Bimex (51% Bimex), 15 . . [73].
- Kilerci International Transport - Kilerci Ltd $500 . . .[74]
Poly Form - Standard Rotator . . 5 . , .[75] , .. - .
- .
Philips 70% - . 3 . . [76]. , -, .
Ensu . 40% , [77].
Klinger, , . , , 10%. ( ) , . [78].
, . . , Motorola Samsung - . Texas Instruments[79].
. - ; 30 , 1994 . 12 . [80] ( - 300 . ). , , , ( ), . , , [81]. , .
- , . - , . , , , , 83% , - , 85 . 41 . . $80 .[82] Burns 25 1995 . ( 1,5 ..) [83].
.
, . .
. - . , , , .
, , ( ), . , .
, NW Nordwest AG, , 20% , .
ARCO [84].
, , . Alcoa ( ), , , [85]. [86]. Alcoa ( ) Trans World Metals[87].
Japan Chrome ( ) ( ). , - - [88].
- . , , - , , ( ), . , . , . , , (, ).
, , Sinebrychoff , (.. )[89].
, , , , .
Neste ( 4 ). [90].
Goldstar. (--)[91]. (-45) Goldstar [92].
Mercedes-Benz . , .[93]
, .
, Sinebrychoff , [94].
- -300 ( ). , 4 (). 1991 ., - [95].
( ) , .. .
- (). , , . . , . , .
. , , , . , , , .. . ( ) , .. . . , ( ) . , .
, , De Konink. . , , , . , [96].
- (, ) . , , . , .
( , ) , [97]. [98], . Voest Alpine [99].
Amoco, 50% . $500- , : - - [100].
.[101]
150 . . , , [102].
ABB . , - , [103].
Sandvic, , . 1994 ., 87% , Sandvic , , [104].
, , . , Mannesman , Caterpillar National Oil Well [105].
ǔ Daewoo . $200 . [106]
- , , , , , .. , : ( ) , , , . , ϔ - , ( ), ( ).
, , - , General Electric, , [107].
Arin Resourses[108].
- ( ) Kilerci International Transport. [109].
( ) , . , , , ( ), , . . , Siemens , , .. [110].
Siemens . Siemens . Bayerische Landesbank. . , Bayerische Landesbank. . , .
Sandvik ( ) 3- City-Bank $8 . 8% [111].
, , .
. . , , , , , .. , (, ) .. - (, , ), . , .
, . .
, . , . , Fata $202 . , [112].
, , :
( , ) , , ;
, -;
, , ;
, ( , ).
. -, .
, .
.
, . , , , .
- . - ( ) - .
, - , . .
, .
, . [113], . .
, .
Dresdner Bank A.G. - [114].
- (., ) Thyssen Fuchs, Danieli [115].
Sandvik, , 87% () 1996 $10-13 . 1995 $7 . 1994 - $8 . , , , , , , 1995 12% [116].
Tempelton Investment Management Tempelton Russia [117].
( ) - Metco International corporation.[118]
. . - . (, , ) .
( ), , , , ( ), .
.
.
Alcoa , .
Alcoa Comalco Trans World Metals, .[119] Trans World Metals ( , Trans CIS, ) , , , , , [120]. Trans World Metals . Trans World Metals - [121].
, -, : Trans World Metals - , , , [122], Alcoa Comalco - , , [123].
. , Aioc[124], Daewoo, 10% [125]. , Daewoo - . .[126]
Euromin ()[127]. - International Financial Corp.[128]
27% .[129]
. .
.
Dresdner Bank A.G. [130].
, , - . $80 .[131]
General Electric . $125 .[132]
. , - .
-. . .
( ). : - Euromin, - Gerald Metals, () - Glencore. - (), [133], , .
, . . , ( ) .
, - . , . , . .
. , - . .
- . , , . , . , , .
$15 . , . , Shell , [134].
Societe Generale Vostok - ($280 .) ($50 .).[135]
- . - - . - (25%) , , , , - .
Neste ʔ - [136].
21 1995 . Timan Pechora Company - . 20% [137].
CS First Boston 2,8 , 5 , 14 .[138]
(ARCO) 29 1995 . , 1996 . 5,7% . 241000 $250 . 40,9 . 1996 , .[139]
-- Brown and Root, Smedvig, Petek Instance . -, 300 ... [140].
- , Wintershall AG DM1 ., - . - .[141]
BASF 1 . . .
- $40 [142].
Amoco 700 ., 1996 [143].
Timan Pechora Company Texaco, Exxon, Amoco, Norsk Hydro - 400 . [144].
- [145].
, , , , .[146]
Tempelton Investment Management Tempelton Russia [147].
, , , , $10-12 . . , , Goldman Sax Morgan Stanley[148].
International Management & Engineering Group ltd. (IMEG) - ( ., - 20 ..). , .. IMEG [149].
Total 20.12.95 . . 160.4 . . 33 , Total $1 .[150]
(, , , , , .) , .
. 1994 . $375 .
, , (, ). .
. .
. , .
, .
- . , .
( .) Amoco. 50% . 250 . [151].
Chemsteidt ( .) , . 1 . D. 1995 . 50 . [152].
Bimex , (15 . ). - 51%.[153]
Dow Chemical ( .). ( ) $150 .[154]
20% (. ) BGS Chemie-Holding GmbH (). $1 [155].
Henkel ( ) 39% ( ).[156]
Procter&Gamble [157].
. - 1995 $250 ., 1994 $49,5 [158].
- . . , , , , . .
. , New Century Alliance Cellulose 12% . 20% [159]. - Ilim Pulp[160]. Ilim Pulp Enterprise [161].
( - , ) Volga Newsprint Holding. 33,2% Herlitz International Trading, , 32% - Credit Swiss First Boston, , 25% - . 1996 2- $ 190 . 520 . . 1995 $ 100 . . . 65% [162].
1995 . ( - ), Acur. - - . . , [163].
: Societe Generale[164], ING-Bank[165], Chase Manhattan bank[166]. - [167].
. General Motors 50 . Chevrolet Blazer [168].
Renault . $50 . , 8 . [169].
-- Daewoo. Daewoo . 4 . [170].
( ) Flexibox International ( - ) . Metastream Flexibox [171].
Pratt&Whitney $125 . , [172]. Pratt&Whitney.
- () ( ) Agusta, -64. -64 . 1996 1997 [173].
Nick corporation (). 30% ()[174].
Gebrueder Knauff Verwaltungsgesellschaft, , . . , 1995 . . , 32% , Gebrueder Knauff Verwaltungsgesellschaft 47% [175].
(.-), General Electric , . 10-15 , $350 .[176]
- ABB 75% [177].
ABB , [178].
( ) Rombach Schlumberger , . : . .[179]
, , (-), Andrew Corp. () - -. $5 .[180]
. , STET 20- $1.4 ., France Telecom, Deutsche Telecom RTDC. - [181].
AT&T (55% 42% ) Rosnet International, . AT&T $10 .[182]
(), Sea-Land Corp. () Pacific Ocean () - $6 . [183].
( ), Talk Project ( - 50%) Umri-Yak-Van 1995-96 . 7-8 . . - $60 .[184]
Alcoa [185].
- ( 98% ). , 16% [186].
, [187].
1994 . $100 .
1995 - 250 , 1997 [188]. , -, , .
Nestle ( 75%) (). Nestle [189].
Danone $30 .[190]
, . , .
- , (, , , ), , ( , ).
, , , .
, , :
;
, , , , , ( ) ;
; .
. , . - , , .
, $135 . 10 5% [191].
, . , ABB. , , - . -, [192].
, . - , . , 85% [193].
- , Comatsu[194].
, ; - .
. - , , , 1994 - $893 . [195]. .
, , - , . $109 .[196]
$100 . , [197].
堠 - ( Mitsui, $200 .)[198].
() Ex-Im Bank of USA $150 . 7 . $180 . , 100 . . Philips Petroleum[199].
$400 . [200].
Chevron-ABB [201].
.
, , , .
.
:
, ;
, , ..;
, (.. ) ;
; .. , , ;
.
, Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau. 20 . . - 343 . . 1994 . [202]
Sinebrychoff , , . $10.2 . Sinebrychoff [203].
Philips [204].
, . , $30 ., , $20 . , [205]. , - . , .
Icon-Institut (.) 14- , , $30 . . , . [206].
[207].
. . TACIS 2,5 . . 5 , . , , , , , . , 1997 5 , , .[208]
- - (), , . (Finnfund) 70%[209].
DEG, , . DEG . , 2- DEG. , .
. , $100 . [210].
- , , ( ) $1 . .[211]
- . , , , . , , , , , - \ . , , [212]. (, ), .
, . ( .) , . . , . ( ). .. - .
, . , , , , , .
( , , ..). - . , , . , , , . - ( ).[213] , ( , ).
, , , . , . , , . , , , , .
, -, . , . - . .
, , , , . , .
, $15.7 . [214], 1993 $25 [215]. 1995 . , [216].
, ( ), . , , . , .
, , .
, , .
, ó .
1. ., , -, , 1994 .
2. ., " ", -, , 1993 .
3. 1994-1996 .
4. ( ) 1994-1996.
5. -DAILY 1994-1996 .
6. 1995-1996 .
7. 1995-1996 .
8. 1996 .
9. 1995-1996 .
10. .
[1] -, 25.03.97 .
[2] -, 17.01.96.
[3] , 14.06.95.
[4] -, 15.01.96.
[5]-DAILY, 09.02.96.
[6] , 18.12.95.
[7] , 14-21.01.96.
[8] -, 29.10.96 .
[9] -DAILY, 12.02.97 .
[10]-DAILY, 04.04.95.
[11] , 06.05.95.
[12] -, 07.09.94.
[13] -, 29.09.95.
[14]-, 30.01.96.
[15] -, 03.08.95.
[16] -, 11.04.95.
[17] , 11.01.95.
[18] -, 01.12.95.
[19]Business- , 17.02.96.
[20]-DAILY, 12.10.94.
[21]-DAILY, 28.11.95.
[22]-DAILY, 23.03.95.
[23] , N 207, 01.11.95.
[24]-DAILY, 14.02.95.
[25]-, " ", 2, 1995 .
[26] , 18.12.95.
[27] , 20.11.95.
[28] , 28.08.95.
[29]-DAILY, 07.02.96.
[30] -, 03.11.95.
[31]-DAILY, 16.01.96.
[32] , 20.11.95.
[33]-DAILY, 13.10.95.
[34] -, 20.12.95.
[35], 15.11.95.
[36]-DAILY, 14.02.95.
[37], 25.07.95.
[38]-DAILY, 09.02.96.
[39], 17.09.94.
[40] , 29.04.94.
[41] , 16.01.96.
[42]-, 26.10.96.
[43]-, 06.12.96.
[44], 29.01.96.
[45]-DAILY, 18.01.96.
[46] , 24.01.95.
[47] , 28.08.95.
[48]-DAILY, 18.01.96.
[49]-DAILY, 16.06.94.
[50] , 02.02.96.
[51] , 15.01.96.
[52], 29.01.96.
[53]-DAILY, 10.08.95.
[54], 29.01.96.
[55] , 02.11.95.
[56]-DAILY, 18.01.96.
[57]-DAILY, 14.02.96.
[58]-DAILY, 25.01.96.
[59], 01.02.96.
[60] , 14-20.03.94.
[61]-DAILY, 14.04.94.
[62]Business- , 10.01.96.
[63] , 14-21.01.96.
[64]-Weekly, 24.10.95.
[65], 30.01.96.
[66], 11.06.95.
[67] -, 18.01.96.
[68], 29.01.06.
[69] , 05.02.96.
[70] , 16.01.96.
[71]-Weekly, 24.10.95.
[72]-Weekly, 08.08.95.
[73], 29.09.95.
[74] , 08.12.95.
[75]-DAILY, 09.09.94.
[76], 03.11.95.
[77] , 05.02.96.
[78]Business- .
[79]-DAILY, 26.01.96.
[80]" ", -.
[81] -, 09.10.95.
[82] , 30.03.95.
[83] , 26.10.95.
[84] , 29.09.95.
[85] , 31, 1995 .
[86]Capital Markets Report, 30.11.95.
[87]-, " ", 2, 1995 .
[88]-DAILY, 14.02.96.
[89]-DAILY, 01.02.96.
[90]-, 22.06.95.
[91]-DAILY, 02.02.96.
[92] , 05.10.95.
[93]-DAILY, 02.02.96.
[94]-DAILY, 01.02.96.
[95] , 16.01.96.
[96]-DAILY, 01.02.96.
[97], 23.05.95.
[98] , 16.05.95.
[99] , 15.01.96.
[100], 22.11.95.
[101] , 27.04.95.
[102] , 04.05.95.
[103] , 05.10.95.
[104] , 22.01.96.
[105] , 15.01.96.
[106] -, 24.02.95.
[107]-, 11.08.94.
[108] , 05.02.96.
[109] , 08.12.95.
[110]-DAILY, 18.01.96.
[111] , 12.01.96.
[112] , 15.01.96.
[113], 19.02.96.
[114] , N 178, 17.09.1994.
[115] -, 23.03.95.
[116] , 12.01.96.
[117] , 14.06.95.
[118] , N 20, 31.05-06.06.95.
[119]-DAILY, 11.11.95.
[120]-, " ", 2, 1995 .
[121]-DAILY, 29.07.95.
[122]-DAILY, 11.11.95.
[123]-, " ", 2, 1995 .
[124] , N 15, 24.01.95.
[125] , 10.07.95.
[126]-, " ", 1, 1995 .
[127], 25.07.95.
[128]-DAILY, 26.01.96.
[129] , N 15, 24.01.95.
[130], N 178, 17.09.94.
[131] , 30.03.95.
[132] , 02.11.95.
[133], 25.07.95.
[134] , 10.07.95.
[135]-, 17.04.95.
[136]-DAILY, 25.01.96.
[137] , 25.04.95.
[138] , N 15, 24.01.95.
[139] , 29.09.95.
[140] , 27.10.95.
[141]-, 23.01.96.
[142] , 23.01.96.
[143] , 30.01.96.
[144]-DAILY, 23.01.95.
[145] , 30.01.96 .
[146]-, 13.06.95.
[147] , 14.06.95.
[148]-DAILY, 06.04.95.
[149] , 05.02.95.
[150], 21.12.95.
[151], 22.11.95.
[152] , 28.08.95.
[153] , 02.10.95.
[154] , 26.02.96.
[155] , 05.09.95.
[156] -DAILY, 11.10.95.
[157] -DAILY, 11.10.95.
[158]-, 10.01.96.
[159] - DAILY, 15.11.95.
[160] , 28.08.95.
[161] , 2, 1996 .
[162]-, 28.01.96.
[163] - DAILY, 26.12.95.
[164]-, 20.11.95.
[165]-, 04.09.95.
[166]-, 04.10.95.
[167]-, 22.08.95.
[168]-WEEKLY, 19.12.95.
[169] , 16.01.96.
[170]Business- , 20.12.95.
[171] , 26.10.95.
[172]-DAILY, 28.01.96.
[173]-, 28.01.96.
[174] , N 15, 24.01.95.
[175]-DAILY, 19.01.96.
[176] -, 11.08.94, , 05.02.96.
[177] , 13.11.95.
[178] , 05.10.95.
[179]-DAILY, 07.02.96.
[180], 20.04.95.
[181], 29.01.96.
[182]-DAILY, 19.01.96.
[183] , 1 1995 .
[184] , 1 1995 .
[185]Capital Markets Report, 30.11.95.
[186] , 09.01.96.
[187] , 16.01.96.
[188]-, 05.12.95.
[189] , 09.10.95.
[190]-WEEKLY, 31.01.95.
[191] -DAILY, 06.04.95.
[192] , 18.12.95.
[193], 29.01.96.
[194], 29.01.96.
[195] -, 01.12.95
[196], 29.01.96.
[197] , 28.02.95.
[198]-, 02.06.95 .
[199]-, 22.09.95.
[200] , 22.01.96.
[201]-DAILY, 10.11.95.
[202]-, 16.01.96.
[203]-DAILY, 01.02.96 .
[204] , 18.07.95.
[205] , 11.01.96.
[206] , 07.07.95.
[207] -, 17.01.96.
[208] , 26.01.96.
[209] -, 11.10.95.
[210] -DAILY, 28.03.95.
[211] -, 10.11.95.
[212]., " ", 1993 .
[213] , 11.01.96.
[214] , 30.01.97.
[215]" ", -.
[216]-DAILY, 23.01.96.
- . ,
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