. , , ,

,,,

,

..

, . . 170- , . , , , .

( 1837 .) , - . XIX . 1, 5 . , , , , -.

. , , , . 2, 5 . , 53 . . , , .

, , , . - , .

, , 60% , , . , , , 1940 . 6, 8 . , 113 . . , .

, . -, , , , . .

15 ( 0, 6 . ), . , - , , , - (3- ), , , . .. , 3 . 300 . . ( 1 ./100 . ), 2 . .

1990 . 147, 5 . , , , , , . . .

1990- : - , , . , , , , - .

- . , 2000 . , . , - -, . , - , , , .- , , .

, , , . , - , , , , - .

- , . 1990- , , - 80%, 9%.

- ( 1997 ., 2006 .), , . - - : - .

, (. 1) . , . ( -, , ), , , . , ( 1970 1990 . 2, 9 1, 3 . ). -, .

1

1991 2006 .*

, , , .
, 01.01. 1992 . 01.01. 2007 . % 1991 .
- 300 154 401 156 -101 13, 15 13, 05 99, 2
57 10 781 338 -724 17, 73 17, 01 95, 9
185 184 269 252 -84 8, 66 8, 58 99, 0
+0, 02**
46 0 561 237 -515 15, 20 14, 69 96, 6
+0, 16**
37 25 57 50 -20 8, 55 8, 54 99, 8
37 33 505 193 -468 15, 05 14, 59 96, 9
+0, 12**
413 376 435 114 -22 8, 49 8, 47 99, 7
1075 782 3009 1340 -1934 86, 82 84, 91 97, 8
+0, 30**
* [1] Ļ
.
** .

, , , . , . : . . 2005 . , . .

. , , . , - , , , - . , ( ), -. ; . , , . , , .

, , . - , . , . , . 30-40% .

, , ( - - - - ) - .

- , , , , , , , - 13 . ( , , ) , . 50 100 . 10 . [2].

, , , , ( ), . - - (), ( 1 . ) . - - , , , ( - ...) , .

, - , .

, , , . . - .

, , , , .

: ( ), ( , , , - , .- 8, 4 . ), ( 20-56 . ).

, , ( 30%), . - ( 10 . 2008 .) - 5 . . , 25%, .

. .- , - , - .

, - - , , . , . 2015 . - 6 . /. 5% , , , - 30 . . , . . .

- , , , (, , , , ) - . , -, . , , .

, , - .

- , ...

- . , , ( ) 30-35 . . - , - . .

() (, ), , , , 2 . , 2 (6, 4 11, 1 11, 6 ), 20- 1, 2 . . [3]. , - .

. . . (4, 5-4, 9 . ... 3, 4-4, 7 . 8, 5-8, 6 ... 5, 9-7, 8 ), 20- ... - 1, 71, 8 . . 2, 3-3, 1 [3], . . . .

, , . . . , . ( ), , - .

, , - , , , . , (, ), . , .

. , , , , . , , , - ( 15-20%), .

- (350-500 ), ...

, , - . , .

, , , , . - .

, ... .

. , 2010 . 390 . ; 2015 . - 425 . ; 2020 . - 470 . . 2011 . 12, 8 . , - 10, 2 . . 2030 . (25 ) 3 2007 . 271 . . [4].

, , . . .

, - , - 66% , - 18 16% . 70% , (22%) (9%).

, , - , 97% - . - , (. 2) [4].

2

, .

2002 . 2003 . 2004 . 2005 . 2006 .
6, 5 7, 14 8, 28 9, 28 9, 69
5, 37 6, 13 7, 0 8, 08 8, 86

, , . , , , (, , , , , ), . 2015 . , , . . , .

, . (- ) - - , ( , 19%). , , - , , , - 50%. , (9%), (18%) [5]. , .

, . , 108 , - 74 .

, 2015 . 40%. , , , . ( ), .

, - , - - . , , . . . . - , , , , , , .

- , , , - . , , , , - .

, , -, . - , , , ..

... , , , .

, , . , . , , , , . , - 10%.

. 15% .

( 99%) . , , . . , , - , , ...

- 2008 . 8, 9% 7, 6% (. 3, 4) [6]. 2008 . 38%. , - 13% 4, 5%. , (12, 8%), (7%), (5%). 2000 2008 . 36, 5 . (18, 5%). , - 19, 1% 17, 5%.

: - , , - - - . - .

- 9 . , 2/3 . , : , , , , , .

, . , -, , .

3

( ), . .

2000 . 2005 . 2006 . 2007 . 2008 . 2008 ., %
111, 6 288, 5 374, 3 469, 2 628, 5 100
89, 3 208, 8 258, 9 299, 3 398, 2 100
22, 3 79, 7 115, 4 169, 9 230, 3 100
13, 1 33, 0 43, 0 52, 8 67, 3 10, 7
9, 2 19, 7 24, 5 26, 3 33, 2 8, 3
3, 9 13, 3 18, 5 26, 5 34, 1 14, 8
5, 0 31, 5 38, 5 46, 8 61, 8 9, 8
4, 3 24, 6 35, 9 42, 9 57, 0 14, 3
0, 7 1, 9 2, 7 3, 9 4, 8 2, 1
6, 1 20, 3 28, 7 40, 3 55, 9 8, 9
5, 2 13, 0 15, 8 15, 9 21, 2 5, 3
0, 9 7, 3 12, 9 24, 4 34, 7 15, 1
8, 5 23, 5 30, 8 36, 0 52, 9 8, 4
7, 3 19, 1 25, 1 27, 5 41, 9 10, 5
1, 2 4, 4 5, 7 8, 5 11, 0 4, 8
3, 4 12, 5 17, 1 22, 7 33, 8 5, 4
3, 1 10, 8 14, 3 18, 5 27, 7 7, 0
0, 3 1, 7 2, 8 4, 2 6, 1 2, 7
3, 4 9, 5 12, 3 20, 5 29, 0 4, 6
2, 8 3, 7 4, 5 7, 7 10, 4 2, 6
0, 6 5, 8 7, 8 12, 7 18, 6 8, 1
34, 2 11, 3 14, 9 17, 9 27, 2 4, 3
4, 5 8, 6 11, 5 13, 3 20, 2 5, 1
0, 7 2, 7 3, 4 4, 6 7, 0 3, 1
5, 6 11, 1 14, 1 16, 6 22, 5 3, 6
4, 7 8, 3 10, 4 11, 0 14, 9 3, 7
0, 9 2, 8 3, 7 5, 6 7, 6 3, 3
5, 1 9, 8 13, 6 16, 5 22, 3 3, 5
3, 9 6, 1 7, 7 8, 7 12, 2 3, 1
1, 2 3, 7 5, 9 7, 8 10, 1 4, 4
25, 4 51, 6 64, 7 89, 3 106, 5 100
13, 8 32, 6 42, 3 52, 7 69, 9 100
11, 6 19, 0 22, 4 36, 6 36, 6 100
8, 7 20, 2 24, 2 29, 7 39, 8 37, 3
5, 0 12, 4 15, 0 16, 4 23, 6 33, 7
3, 7 7, 8 9, 2 13, 3 16, 2 44, 5
9, 3 15, 8 19, 9 26, 1 34, 2 32, 0
5, 6 10, 1 13, 1 17, 2 23, 6 33, 8
3, 7 5, 7 6, 8 8, 9 10, 6 29, 0
4, 4 8, 7 12, 8 16, 5 19, 7 18, 5
2, 2 6, 5 9, 0 11, 9 13, 4 19, 1
2, 2 3, 2 3, 8 4, 6 6, 4 17, 5

4

, 2008 ., . .

.
735, 0/100 7, 6 2, 5
468, 1/100 4, 5 4, 1
266, 9/100 13, 0 2, 4

, , ... 2015 . - , - , . , .

, , . : - 38%, (25%), (16%), ( 10%) [4]. - ( 2004 .) - 45%, - , - , , .

( 2 ), , . , . , , .

, : .

, . ( 22%), 2004-2006 . 640 . . .

( ) ... , 100 . . (50%) (45%), . . ( - 2004, 2005 . - ) . - 2004 2007 . 8 .

- 2000 2008 . 4, 5 . , , - , - 26-21%, - 13%. , . . . , . , , .

, ..., (75-80%); - , , , 95% . , - , .

... , . , 20% - , , 14-16% , , .

... ( 70% ), , - .

. . 7-10%. 2012 . 375 . . 7 . , . 20 . . [7].

- 2010 . 38 . , 2015 . - 43 . ( 2006 . - 10 24, 5% ) (. 5) [4]. 2015 ., , , , 350 . , 2020 . 600 . .

5

, .

.
2006 1345/2620 236/712 200/410 1/0 5/2 23/13 1810/3757
2010 1450/3050 280/820 230/470 2/0 8/3 27/19 1997/4362
2015 280/820 340/960 270/560 10/10 10/10 33/24 2413/5124
2006 4270/11390 2134/3019 810/1145 0/0 6/5 4/3 7224/15562
2010 4420/12900 2230/3400 860/1300 2/0 13/5 6/5 7531/17610
2015 4620/14800 2320/4000 920/1490 10/10 20/10 8/7 7898/20317
2006 1110/3186 605/692 313/222 0/0 6/3 1/1 2035/4104
2010 1280/3250 780/710 450/230 5/0 10/5 1/1 2526/4196
2015 1350/3480 880/750 520/250 10/5 12/10 2/2 2774/4497
2006 6725/17196 2975/4423 1323/1777 1/0 17/10 28/17 11069/23423
2010 7150/18200 3290/4930 1540/2000 9/0 31/13 34/25 12054/261681
2015 7720/21840 3540/5710 1710/2300 30/25 42/30 43/33 13085/29938

: , .

, . 10-60% .

- , , , . . - , ( .).

( ) , - - .- - - - - . , , 20% . .

. . , , , , .

, .- - .- - , , - - .

... , , , , , , - , 22 . . , , , .

. . . - , , , . , 2030 . 23, 2% 350 /. 1000 /. ( 3, 5 ), - 1200 /., . . . - - 1400 /. . 2015 . 95%, 2030 . - 97% (. 6) [8].

6

2030 .

2007 . 2015 . 2030 . 2015 ./2007 ., % 2030 ./2007 ., %
-
, /. 284, 0 305, 0 350, 0 107, 4 123, 2
287, 0 550, 0 1000, 0 191, 6 348, 4
600, 0 850, 0 1200, 0 141, 7 200, 0
326, 0 375, 0 420, 0 115, 0 128, 8
, % 88, 8 95, 0 97, 0 +6, 2 +8, 2

, , , , -. --, - . - - , , .

, . . , , . , , . .

.. // ( ). 2008. 10.

.. - //. 20)0)8. 9.

.., .., .. ? //. 2008. 11.

.., .., .., .., .. //. 2008. 3, 4.

.., .. //. 2008, 8.

. 2009. . . .: , 2009.

.. // . 2008. 9.

., .. // . 2008. 9.

http://institutiones.com/

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