,,,
-+ - 181089
181089 20-頠 (), n- - [4, 5, 15]. 5,5*5,5 2.5 +5 . 40- . 15 .
181089 ( 89) 8688, 58080. 1810 ( ). 89 , . , 1,25 / 5 . , .
89 , 5 20-, 4 16- 4- . . 16- . 20 , 1 . 16 /. . , , , ( ), ( ).
89 53 , , . 16- 8- . 89 , Multibus.
181089: 0...70 , -0.3 ...+7. - - . 1
181089
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min |
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"0" , |
-0,5 |
+0,8 |
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"1" , |
2,0 |
6,0 |
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"0" , |
- |
0,45 |
I=2,0 |
"1" , |
2,4 |
I=-0.4 |
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, |
- |
350 |
=25 |
, |
- |
10 |
U=5 |
, |
- |
10 |
0,45£U ³5 |
"0" , |
-0,5 |
+0,6 |
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"1" , |
3,6 |
6,0 |
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( - , ADO - AD15, RQ/GT), |
- |
F=1M |
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/ ADO - AD15, RQ/GT. |
- |
F=1M |
AD15-AD0 - . S2, SI, SO. , , . AD15AD8 ( ) 8- 16- ( 1).
A19/S6, A18/S5, A17/S4, A16/S3 - . (1), , : S6=S5=1 - -; S4=0, -; S4=l ; S3=0 1; S3=l 2. .
- . () , D15 D8. . . ( 86 87) , .
S2-S0 - 89, . : S2S1S0=000 ; 001- ; 010 -; 100- ; 101- ; 101 ; 110- ; 111 . 01l . -. 4 , . 3 W . S2, SI, SO .
READY , , , . 181084.
LOCK () . 181089, . TSL. LOCK .
RESET ( ) .
CLK 181084.
. . SEL.
SEL , ( ) (/) . SEL (1 2), .
DRQ1, DRQ2 . , 1 2 .
RQ/GT / / , , .
SINTR1, SINTR2 1 2 . 181059. , () .
1, 2 1 2 . - , .
- , . 89 , . . .
(), 1 64 ( 4.2). , , () ,
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3. () ()
( 4) , 20- . ( 16- 16-, 20- .)
() . ( , , .), , , . , , ; . 23 , CLK ( ). , . , , , , , , . , , .
4. 69
() 8- 16- , , . 20 - . , , , , 8- 16- .
, . , . , 8- 16- , 16- . 16- 8- . , / .
. ,
. 5.
. . . 5. , ( Y) . Y, , . , , , .
, . -, (, JMP, JNZ, CALL) , , . . -, 6- LPDI, : , . 8- , , .
() , . ( TAG ), , ( ) . ( , ..) S2 S0 (. 2). 181088 , (/ ) (, ..). LLIBB. .
S2SISO |
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000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 |
- - -
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2.
( ) : 8 16 , (86/88). , . . - 16- , 16- . 8-, 8- 16- . 16- , 16- , , .
- . 8- 8- , 16- 8- 16-. 8- 16- 16- . . 3 .
3
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8:8 |
8: |
8 |
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16: (8/16) |
16: |
(6/16) |
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8:8 |
8: |
8 |
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16: (8/16) |
16; |
(8/16) |
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8:8 |
16: |
(8/16) |
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16; (8/16) |
8: |
8 |
- . , .
.
RQ/GT , 89 86, . 181089. , , LOCK. : 1) TSL (Test and Set Lock );
2) LOCK - .
ࠠ ⠠ ࠠ . 87 (. . 4) . - , , . , 89 : 1 2. : , , - .
- . DRQ, . - , EXT. ( ) , . , - .
SINTR . , .
- , . (. 6), TAG, . . 4.
4
堠 |
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- |
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GA |
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GB |
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GC |
>> |
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TP |
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IX |
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- |
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GA . , . - GA .
GB GA. GA - , GB , .
GC . - , . , , GC . .
. ( ) . 89 , TP , CALL. - ( IP 86) .
6. ࠠ . 7 堠 ⠠ -
|
, .
. (. . 4). PP. . - .
IX . , . , IX , . - IX .
. - , . , , .
. - . ( ) . , , (. 7). , ( - ), ( ) .
- . . . 8. - :
F () , ;
TR () ;
SYN () ;
S () (GA GB) ;
L () .
:
TS , ;
();
();
TMC .
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-, .
5
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- |
F ( |
00 |
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) |
01 |
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10 |
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11 |
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TR () |
0 |
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1 |
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SYN () |
00 |
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01 |
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10 |
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11 |
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S () |
0 |
GA |
1 |
0 |
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L() |
0 |
LOCK |
1 |
LOCK |
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( |
0 |
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) |
1 |
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TS ( |
0 |
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) |
1 |
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( |
00 |
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) |
01 |
0 |
10 |
4 |
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11 |
8 |
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( |
00 |
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) |
01 |
()=0 0 |
10 |
()=0 4 |
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11 |
()=0 8 |
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( |
000 |
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- |
||
- |
001 |
0 |
) |
010 |
4 |
oil |
8 |
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100 |
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101 |
0 |
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110 |
4 |
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III |
8 |
, 0, 4 8 -. , (.9). TS == 1 .
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G 4- : GA, GB, GC (. . 6). (. . 5), TAG , ( ) , . TAG=0 , (20- ); TAG=1 (16- ); TAG, , , .
GA, GB GC , TAG - (. . 5).
PSW, , - SW (. 10). 8 D = 0 16 D= 1. 8 . 1 , , , . , IS=1, -IS=0. =1 . XF=1, -. . , PSW , , PSW .
1810 84
() 181084 181086 , READY Multibus. (. 11, 12) (OSR, CLK, CLK) , (RESET) (READY);
C : CLK,- , OSC , , , . , : Eefi = 3FCLK= 6Fpclk .
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, XI, 2, , - , EFI.
F/C. , (SGN), F/C - .
RESET , , RESET CLK. RES RC-, (. 13).
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(CSYNC), , . D- SYNC EFI (. 14). , , ( OSC CLK PCLK ).
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(READY). READY 181086 . . , Multibus, RDY1, AEN1, RDY2, AEN2, . RDY , , . AEN READY RDY, . (F) READY LK, READY . . 14.
. 14
58072
() 58072 4 , FM MFM , . , 580, 1810, 1821; , , ; , .
.
RESET . , .
RD- . RD=0 .
WR-. WR=0 .
CS- . . CS=0 RD WR.
0- , (0=0), (0=1).
DB7 DBO .
DRQ . DRQ=1 .
DACK . , , Ϡ z-.
. = 1 .
IDX , .
INT --- .
CLK , (4 8 ).
WR CLK . , F=500 F=l , 250 . , .
DW ---- , .
RD DATA --- .
VCO , , .
WE , .
MFM --- . MFM=1 , MFM=0.
HD SEL . HD SEL=1 1; HD SEL = 0 0.
DSI, DSO , , .
WR DATA .
PSI, PSO, , MFM
FLT/TRKO / 0, 0 .
WP/TS /, , .
RDY .
HDL , .
FD/STP - /, .
LCT/DIR / , .
RW/SEEK //, , , .
Ucc - .
GND .
( 15,16) : , ; , , .
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.
/ RIO 0=1 . , . , .
RS , . RS . 17. , 0=0. D3 DO ; D4 /; D5 , D6 ( ); D7 RIO .
RI RO / . . DW, VCO. WE . , , WR CLK. / 32 ( 4 ).
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/ : . 181037,
DRQ DACK (). INT , .
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BRC (), . BRC (ST3 STO), . , , .
1.
. , . .
, , , , BBS ( ), , BBS , , ( ) . , (RelCom, FidoNet) , . , , .
:
, ;
;
.
- .
2.
. . - RS-232-C. , . , , IRQ ( ) . (COM1,COM2, ..).
RS-232-C ( EIA ) .
IBM PC RS-232-C ; , , , RS-232-C .
. :
;
, , , ;
, FastWire II Norton Commander;
;
;
, . . , . .
, . , , .
- .
.
( Emile Baudot - .). . / , .
. , , .
, . , . .
INTEL 8250 - INTEL 16450,16550,16550A. ࠠ ࠠ ( UART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter). , /.
8250 . , . .
, UART .
. RS-232-C, DB-25 DB-9. 25, 9 .
| ࠠ |
| ( ) |
---------------------------------------------------------------
1 (Frame Ground,FG) -
2 (Transmitted Data,TD)
3 (Received Data,RD)
4 (Request to send,RTS)
5 (Clear to Send,CTS)
6 (Data Set Ready,DSR)
7 (Signal Ground,SG) -
8
(Data Carrier Detect,DCD)
9-19
(Data Terminal Ready,DTR)
22 (Ring Indicator,RI)
23-25
- | ࠠ |
| ( ) |
---------------------------------------------------------------
1
(Data Carrier Detect,DCD)
2 (Received Data,RD)
3 (Transmitted Data,TD)
4
(Data Terminal Ready,DTR)
5 (Signal Ground,SG) -
6 (Data Set Ready,DSR)
7 (Request to send,RTS)
8 (Clear to Send,CTS)
9 (Ring Indicator,RI)
RS-232-C : DTE (Data Terminal Equipment - -) DCE (Data Communication Equipment - ). , , . , , .
RS-232-C
TD RD DTE DCE -. DTE TD , RD . , DCE TD , RD . .
- , , . DTR-DTR DTR-DCE.
RS-232-C 15,24 . . .
110 - 1524 / 914,4
300 - 1524 / 914,4
1200 - 914,4 / 914,4
2400 - 304,8 / 152,4
4800 - 304,8 / 76,2
9600 - 76,2 / 76,2
- , - , - .
-15..-3 , +3..+15 . -3 +3 .
, POST BIOS RS-232-C . BIOS . BIOS 0000:0400h.
COM1 3F8h 3F8h 3FFh. COM2 2F8h 2F8h..2FFh.
:
7 :
)
-
RS-232-C .
. .
( base_adr+3, base_adr RS-232-C) . , . , . , . base_adr+1.
, , 115200 , 14 .
)
, ( 1 ) .
)
, -
)
. -
UART : , , BREAK, ().
)
DTR, RTS , - OUT1 OUT2, .
)
,
UART.
)
, .
5.
, , 300 /, - , .
ꠠ hayes- . Hayes - . IBM PC/XT/AT, PS/2 .
, , , . , - .
: , , , / , , , , ( , , , ). , , .
, , . (CCITT) :
CCITT V.21 - 300 bps. , , .
. .
CCITT V.22 - 1200 bps. , , - . - , . . Ƞ . .
CCITT V.22bis - 2400 bps. , 2400 bps. 2400 bps , 1200 - . 1200 bps CCITT V.22bis CCITT V.22.
CCITT V.23 - 600/1200 bps. , . - 600/1200 bps, - 75 bps. CCITT V.21, V.22, V.22bis.
6.
Hayes Smartmodem, , , , - . , , hayes-, AT-.
AT- , .
, , AT (ATtention -
) (
AT . , , . , .
, , , 40 . , , . ( ). . .
MR Modem Ready - . , .
TR Terminal Ready - . , DTR.
CD Carrier Detect - , . , .
SD Send Data - , .
RD Receave Data - ,
HS High Speed - .
AA Auto Answer - . . , .
OH Off-Hook - , ( ).
AT - () . .
A - . (S0=0), . ( ) .
A/ -
.
AT ,
. AT A/
Bn - , . 300 / BELL 103 CCITT V.21, 1200 bps - BELL 212A CCITT V.22bis. 2400 bps CCITT V.22. n=0, CCITT V.21/V.22, n=1 - BELL 103/212A.
Ds - . . AT, D , : P T. ( ).
, - . S8.
; - , , .
@ - . , , S7. , NO ANSWER.
S - , . , .
R - . .
W - . S7. , NO DIALTONE. .
Fn - / . n=0 , n=1 - .
Hn - . n=0, , n=1, .
Ln - :
n=0,1 , n=2 - n=3 - .
Mn - . n=0 . n=1 . n=2 . n=3 .
Qn - AT-. n=0 , n=1 . Q0 Q1 S-, , .
Sr? - , r.
Sr=n - r n.
n 0 255. S-. S- , S.
Vn - AT-.
n=0 , n=1 . .
Yn - . : , DTR , , BREAK. ATH0 BREAK, 4. n=0 , n=1 BREAK.
Z - . , . , , , .
+++ - Escape-, . . Escape-. S12.
&F - , .
&Gn - / . n=0 - , n=1 - 550 Hz, n=2 - 1800 Hz. .
&Ln - . n=0 () , n=1 .
&Mn - / . n=0 , n=1,2,3 .
&Pn - . n=0 - / 39/61 (), n=1 - 33/67 ().
&Sn - DSR RS-232-C. n=0 DSR , n=1 DSR .
) COM-
COM-, -
. UART, . , . , .
.
)
AT- -,
. - - , ..
)
(ATD).
. AT S0=1 . , , .
)
, , -
. , (- ATD), :
CONNECT
BUSY
NO DIALTONE
NO ANSWER
NO CARRIER
, RING, S0 . . S0 , :
CONNECT
NO DIALTONE
NO CARRIER
CONNECT ,, . , -, , , . , , , -, .
BUSY, NO DIALTONE, NO ANSWER, NO CARRIER , .
)
(ATH0). Escape- +++. , -.
) DTR RTS
DTR RTS , COM-.
. , .
7.
, , , . , .
, , , .
: () 16-20000 , . , , . . , , . .
, . . MNP 30% , .
.
. - . , - . , .
XModem.
XModem:
Xmodem
Xmodem c CRC
1K Xmodem
Xmodem (Ward Christensen) 1977 . . .
Xmodem : 8- , . - , .. .
Xmodem Cheksum 128 . . , . , .
. 256 , .
Xmodem c CRC. Xmodem CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check). Xmodem CRC - . 8- 16- . , 99,9984%. 700 CRC-. Xmodem CRC 128 .
1K Xmodem. , 1 Xmodem 128 1024 . . . 1K Xmodem Xmodem CRC.
Ymodem.
Ymodem 1984-1985 .
Ymodem 1K Xmodem, : Ymodem .
Ymodem - Ymodem G. Ymodem G , . , MNP- MNP. , .. . , .
9. -
- . , . - .
- .
, - , . , Quick Link II Fax - - : , TIFF, IMG GEM Artline Ventura Pablisher, BMP Microsoft Windows, CUT Dr.Halo PCX Paintbrush.
.
- .
ߠ 19
:
,
/,
/,
,
, .
: . . -861 . .
: . . .
1996
:
1. / 1810 89
2. 1810 84
3. 58072.
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9 -
-+ - 181089 181089 20-頠
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