,,,
1. RS-232 (V. 24/V. 28)
1. 1.
, , RS-232 . '1969 . (Electronic Industries Association EIA) "" (Recommended Standard RS) 232. RS-232 .' ITU-T V.24 V.28. Mil-Std-188C. 18145-81.
"D" RS-232 1987 . , DB-25.
"", 1991. EIA/TIA-232E. , . , EIA/TIA-232E.
V.24 DTE DCE. RS-232 , RS-232 V.24 . V.24 , RS-232, V.24 . RS-232 V.24. V.24 (. V.28) , , , . V.28.
V.28 V.24, 20 /. , .. , . V.28 RS-232.
RS-232 :
> ;
> , ;
> ;
> .
3.1.2. RS-232
RS-232 . , . , . , - .
- , , , ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). ASCII . , 1000001. RS-232 , , . . 3.1, . . 7 ASCII. "1" "" , 8- ( ) ( ). , .
. 3.1. () RS-232 ()
ASCII, 128 ASCII- 128 . , , . ASCII. ASCII 256 , , (2 =256). - . , , . .
, 1011 , 78 . - , , 11 01000001011. , 0.
RS-232 , . (SPACE) +3 +25, 1 (MARK) 3 25. . 3.1, , TxD RxD RS-232.
. DTE DCE, RS-232, . , , "". . 3.1. . 3.1. V.24. , DTE DCE. RS-232.
"" ().
, . "" DCE. , .
"" ()
DB-25 .
()
, , () DTE DCE. , DCE (- ), , DCE DCE-.
DTE , 1 (MARK). , DTE DCE. DTE ,, " ", " ", " DCE" " DTE" (ON) .
, DTE DCE, : " ". DTE DCE.
()
3.1. RS-232
Nfi . DB-25 | . DB-9 | 1 . (RS-232) | ITU-T . (V.24> | DTE | |||
1 | GNO | ||||||
2 | 3 | 103 | |||||
3 | 2 | 104 | 1 | RxO | |||
4 | 7 | CJ | 105 133 | RTS | |||
5 | 8 | 106 | CTS | ||||
6 | 6 | 107 | " | OSR | |||
7 | 5 | 102 | SG | ||||
8 | 1 | CF | 109 | ||||
9 | : +12 , 20 | ||||||
10 | : -12 , 20 | ||||||
11 | 126 | ||||||
12 | SCF | 122 | SOCO | ||||
13 | SCB | 121 | SCTS | ||||
14 | SBA | 118 | STO | ||||
15 | DB | 114 | () | ||||
16 | SBB | 119 | SRO | ||||
17 | DD | 115 | () | RC | |||
18 | 141 | ( ) | |||||
19 | SCA | 120 | SRTS | ||||
20 | 4 | CD | 108.1 108.2 | OTR | |||
21 | CG | 110 | SQ | ||||
RL | 140 | ||||||
22 | 9 | 125 | RI | ||||
23 | 111 | () | |||||
23 | Cl | 112 | () | ||||
24 | DA | 113 | () | ||||
25 | 142 | ( ) |
, DCE, , DCE.
, DCE 1 (MARK) , " " (OFF). , DTE DCE.
MARK, " " , .
, DTE DCE, : " ". DCE DTE.
()
DTE. DCE . . DCE- .
DCE . DTE , DCE- .
DTE " " , , DCE- " ".
" " DCE . DCE , , " " , , DCE .
" " DCE , DTE-. DCE . " " .
()
DCE. DCE DTE-. " " , DTE . DCE , . DCE , .
" " " ". DCE " " , DTE . , " " , DCE--. DCE , " " . .
" " , DCE ,
.
DCE ()
DCE DTE . : " " " ". , DCE DTE .
" " DCE. " " DCE, .
DTE (CD)
DTE. DCE- , . DCE , , " DTE" . , " ".
, " DTE" , DCE . , DCE . " DTE" , DCE " DCE" .
()
DCE , . " " ON , OFF . . DTE .
(CF)
DCE , . , , . DCE. " ".
, " " ( ), DCE MARK " ".
, " ", " " .
(CG)
.
DTE ()
DTE , ( ) DCE. .
DCE (CI)
DCE , . .
(CJ)
RS-232 " ". DTE , DCE .
, , DTE DCE. DCE . DCE- DCE .
, " ", , " " .
(LL)
DTE DCE . DTE " ", DCE- . DCE " ". , DTE DCE, DTE. " " DCE - .
" " " ".
(RL)
DTE DCE . DTE " ", DCE DCE . , DCE " " .
, DTE-, . DCE- . DCE DCE, DTE. DTE " " , DCE DCE .
DCE " DCE" , " " , , DCE .
()
DCE , DTE . DCE-- " " " " . " " , DCE , DCE. " " , DCE .
DTE (DA)
DTE DCE. (), DTE " ". , , DTE- .
DCE (DB)
DCE DTE. DCE " " , () DB .
DCE (DD)
DCE DTE . (), DCE " ".
(SBA)
" ", .
(SBB)
" ", .
(SCA)
" ", .
(SCB)
" ", .
(SCF)
" ", ".
3.1.3.
RS-232 ( ).
IBM , . . , RS-232. , , . , . ,
. 3.2. RS-232
RS-232 . 3.2.
- RS-232 EIA, il488 il489 .
: 50, 75, 110, 150 , 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 115200 . BIOS ( Intl4h) 9600 . 1,8432 i . .
INS8250 (i8250) 16450, 16550, 16550. UART (Universal Asinchronouse Receiver Transmitter). 8250 , . , UART , . UART / . UART :
> PC;
> (- );
> - , , , ( );
> - ;
> .
UART :
> ;
> - : , , ; ;
> ; ;
> - PC;
> , .
IBM INS8250 National Semiconductor. . . , 8250 . 8250 38400 /. UART .
UART 16450 115200 /. 8250.
9600 / 8250 16450 , ( ) PC . () " " . 16550 (PC16550C/NS16550AF ).
16550 8250 8250. , UART 8250 16450 UART 16550 , . 1 16 FIFO (First In First Out
). FIFO . , (BREAK-) , . 16550 :
> PC ;
> , ;
> ;
> , ;
> , ;
> - , 24 ;
> ;
> , 8250 16450;
> 16 .
. RS-232 DB-25 DB-9. 25, 9 . RS-232 (EIA) V.24 (ITU-T) . 3.1.
. 3.3. DB-25 DB-9
DB-25 DB-9, RS-232 . 3.3.
3.1.4. RS-232.
TxD RxD DTE DCE -. DTE TxD , RxD . , DCE TxD , RxD . , . 3.4 ( DB-25)
.
. 3.4. DTE DCE
3 5 DTE DTE
- RS-232
, TxD RxD, 3 5. , . DTE DCE , DSR, DTR, DCD, CTS RTS, .
DTE DTR DSR DCD , DCE DSR, DCD DTR , DTE, "" .
DTE (DCE) , - , - , , 3 6
3.6 -
. 3.7. DB25-DB25
RS-232. , , , RS-232. . 3.7.
- (. 3.8) . . 3.9, DB-9 DB-25 . 3.10.
.3.8. ,
. 3.9. DB-25 DB-9
, DTE () - ( "", male), a DCE () - ("", female). DB-9 DB-25, , 9- . , CTS (5-8), DSR (6-6), DCD (8-1) RI (22-9) . , .
. . DB-9 DB-25
3 11 Mini DIN-8 DB-25 Macintosh
Macintosh Mini DIN-8 3 11, 312
3 12 Mini DIN-8 DB-25 Macintosh
3.1.5.
. .
. , , , . .
, . , . , , , . .
.
, XON/XOFF, :
> XOFF ( DC3h ASCII) TxD (103) DTE ;
> XON ( DClh ASCII) RxD (104) DTE .
XOFF CTRL-S ("S), a XON CTRL-Q (*0). , XOFF , .
DTE . , XOFF , DTE- . DTE , XON ( ). DTE- .
(.Software Hand-Shaking).
. 3.13.
(DTEDCE) . . 3.13.
" ", .
.
DCE : . XON/XOFF. XOFF CTS (106) (" ").
CTS, DTE . , DCE CTS , XON.
DTE DCE . , . CTS , . , DCE DTE, RTS (105) (" "). DCE RTS . .
Hardware Hand-Shaking. DTE DCE , . 3.14.
. 3.14. DCE DTE
3.1.6.
, /, BIOS . . .
PC . .
: 3F8h, 2F8h', 3E8h 2E8h. BIOS. , 0400h. . . BIOS : 1 COM4 , LPT1 LPT4.
. 1 IRQ4 (Interrupt Request). COM2 - IRQ3. COM3 COM2 IRQ3, COM4 1 IRQ4. .
3.2. PS/2
OS/2 |
/ |
|
|
SERIAL 1 |
03F8h |
83F8h |
IRQ4 |
SERIAL 2 |
02F8h |
82F8h |
IRQ3 |
SERIAL 3 |
3220h |
B220h |
IRQ3 |
SERIAL 4 |
3228h |
B228h |
IRQ3 |
SERIAL 5 |
4220h |
C220h |
IRQ3 |
SERIAL 6 |
4228h |
C228h |
IRQ3 |
SERIAL 7 |
5220h |
E220h |
IRQ3 |
SERIAL 8 |
5228h |
E228h |
IRQ3 |
PS/2 AT . , . , PS/2 (ESI) Hayes. , . ESI- Hayes . . 3.2 / , PS/2.
3.1.7. RS-232
, DTE DCE . RS-232 15 20 /. . . 3.3 , McNamara (Technical Aspects of Data Communications, Digital Press, 1982).
. , DTE DCE . , , RS-449, RS-422A RS-423A, , RS-232.
3.3. DTE DCE
, / |
, |
, |
110 |
1525 |
915 |
300 |
1525 |
915 |
1200 |
915 |
915 |
2400 |
305 |
152 |
4800 |
305 |
76 |
9600 |
76 |
76 |
3.2. RS-422A, RS-423A RS-449 (V.36)
, RS-232, , EIA RS-422A, RS-423A RS-449. ITU-T V.10 .26 RS-423, V.11 .27 RS-422. . 3.4 .
3.4. RS-422A RS-423A
, / |
, |
|
RS-423A (V.10 .26) |
RS-422A (V.11 .27) |
|
1 |
100 |
1000 |
10 |
1000 |
100 |
100 |
10000 |
10 |
RS-423A
RS-423A . "" , RS-232 . .
RS-422A, , . . RS-422A 100 /.
RS-422A
RS-422A . ( 10 /) ( 1000 ) DTEDCE. , RS-232, . .
V.28, , . RS-422A RS-423A ( ) .
RS-422A RS-423A . RS-232, RS-422A RS-232 .
RS-449
RS-449, RS-422A RS-423A, , , .. RS-449 RS-422A RS-423A. RS-449 V.36.
RS-449, RS-422A () RS-423A RS-232. , DTEDCE.
RS-449 30 . RS-232. , . .
RS-449 1- . , " ", " ", " " . 1 - . 20 / RS-422A RS-423A; 20 / ( 2/) - RS-422A.
20 2- RS-423A. 2- , " ", " " .
RS-449 , RS-232, (. . 3.5). 37 9 .
3.5. RS-449
37- | ||||||||
RS-449 | RS-232 | V.24 | DTE | |||||
1 | RG | |||||||
2 | SI | 1 | 112 | |||||
3 | ||||||||
4 | SD | TxD | 103 | |||||
5 | ST | DB | 114 | |||||
6 | RD | RxD | 104 | |||||
7 | RS | RTS | 105 | |||||
8 | RT | RC | DD | 115 | ||||
9 | CS | CTS | 106 | |||||
10 | LL | 141 | ||||||
11 | DM | DSR | 107 | DCE | ||||
12 | TR | DTR | CD | 108 | DTE | |||
13 | RR | DCD | CF | 109 | ||||
14 | RL | 140 | ||||||
15 | 1 | RI | 125 | |||||
16 | SF/S R | / | /1 | 111/ 112 | ||||
17 | DA | 113 |
18 | 142 | |||||||
19 | SG | SG | 102 | |||||
20 | RC | SG | 102 | |||||
21 | ||||||||
22 | SD | RS-422, | ||||||
23 | ST | RS-422, | ||||||
24 | RD | RS-422, | ||||||
25 | RS | RS-422, | ||||||
26 | RT | RS-422, | ||||||
27 | CS | RS-422, | ||||||
28 | IS | CN | 135 | |||||
29 | DM | RS-422, | ||||||
30 | TR | RS-422, | ||||||
31 | RR | RS-422, | ||||||
32 | SS | 116 | ||||||
33 | SQ | SQ | 110 | |||||
34 | NS | NS | 136 | |||||
35 | TT | RS-422, | ||||||
36 | SB | 117 | ||||||
37 | SC | SG | SG | 102 |
1 | ||||||||
2 | SRR | SCF | 122 | |||||
3 | SSD | SBA | 118 | |||||
4 | 3RD | SBB | 119 | |||||
5 | SG | SQ | 2 | |||||
6 | RC | SG | 102b | DTE | ||||
7 | SRS | SRS | SCA | 120 | ||||
8 | SCS | SCS | SCB | 121 | ||||
9 | SC | SG | 102 |
RS-449/V.36 . 3.15.
. 3.15. RS-449/V.36
3.3. V.35
V.35 80- (, .) . ( ) .
V.35 60-108 ( 12 ) 48 /.
, .
V.35 , - RS-232 . , IBM V.35 . . IBM, - ISO 2593.
. 3.16. V.35
3.6. V.35
|
|
||||
101 | |||||
102 | |||||
105 | |||||
0 | 106 | ||||
107 | |||||
F | 109 | ||||
108/1 108/2 | |||||
J | 125 | ||||
K.L.M.N | ITU-T | ||||
S | 103 | ||||
R | 104 | ||||
U | W | 113 | |||
V | 115 | ||||
Y | 114 | ||||
Z.BB.CC.DD, EE.FF | ITU-T | ||||
HH.JJ.KK.LL | |||||
MM.NN | ITU-T |
V.28 , . V.35 ("1"=-0,55 , "0"=+0,55 ) , .
V.35 (V.24/V.28) (V.35) . , V.24/V.28 (RS-232). DTEDCE 34- MRAC. /, 34- , . . 3.6 ISO 2593 V.35, . 3.16. .
1988 . ITU-T V.35, , . , V.35 . , , V.35 , , 2 /.
3.4. .21 X.21bis
.21 1972 . DTEDCE , . DTE , DCE , . .21 , .
ITU-T .21 , -5 ( 5). . . .
, , . , DTE DCE , RS-232.
.21 . 3.7.
3.7. .21
DB-15 | DCE | DTE | |
1 | |||
2 | () | ||
3 | () | ||
4 | () | ||
5 | () | ||
6 | () | ||
7 | |||
8 | |||
9 | () | ||
10 | () | ||
11 | () | ||
12 | () | ||
13 | () | ||
14 | |||
15 |
. 3.17. .21
.21 ISO 4903, 15- DB-15, . 3,17.
.21 , . -5. . , . . , DTE, SYN.
.21 . , , , .
X.21bis
X.21bis , , V.
X.21bis DTE, V X.21bis, DTE, .21. ( ), .
DTE DCE V.28, .26 25- 37- , .
3.5.
, V.34, V.42bis, , - RS-232. .
3.5.1.
-. . 3.18.
, - 8211, -.
. 3.18.
-, ( ) - . 25- D-shell.
IBM - , 0378h 0278h. . , , 0378h. , DIP- .
IBM PC- , : LPT1, LPT2, LPT3. PRN LPT1. -. . : , 0378h 0278h. LPT1, LPT2, LPT3. , LPT1 (PRN) -, , .
. , . IBM.
3.5.2.
Intel, Xircon, Zenith , , (.Enhanced Parallel Port).
, 8 . IN OUT, . . , , , .
, . , , , , .
3.8.
DB-25 | ( ) | ||
1 | / | ||
2 | / | Data 0 | Data 0 |
3 | / | Data 1 | Data 1 |
4 | / | Data 2 | Data 2 |
5 | / | Data3 | Data3 |
6 | / | Data 4 | Data 4 |
7 | / | Data 5 | Data 5 |
8 | / | Data 6 | Data 6 |
9 | / | Data 7 | Data 7 |
10 | |||
11 | |||
12 | |||
13 | |||
14 | / | ||
15 | |||
16 | / | ||
17 | / | ||
1825 |
. . 2 /. DB-25 . 3.8.
SCSI 64 .
3.5.3.
(Extended Capability Port).
, Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard , . , . , . 128 .
, , . . , , . , , . . , .
RLE (Run-Lehgt Encoding). : , . , , .
3.5.4. IEEE 1284
IEEE 1284.
IEEE 1284 , . .
, IEEE 1284 . IRQ. , ( 15 DB-25) , .
3.6. PC Card (PCMCIA)
3.6.1.
PC Card, PCMCIA, PC Card. PC Card , , , GPS , , , . PCMCIA . PC Card , . . 3.19.
PCMCIA 1.0 1990 . .
, , -. 2.0 , . , PCMCIA, , .
PCMCIA , . , , , .
3.6.2. PC Card
PCMCIA 16- (IRQ). PCMCIA PC Card , PCMCIA. . 3.20.
. 3.19. PC Card
. 3.20. PCMCIA
, PCMCIA, 255 PCMCIA. 16 PCMCIA. , PCMCIA 2.0 4080 PC Card.
- PC Card . PCMCIA- , . ( ), ( EMS-) . PCMCIA- , .
PCMCIA- Socket Services. IRQ lAh PC Card. Socket Services - , BIOS PC. , Socket Services , BIOS IBM PC. Socket Services , PCMCIA.
Socket Services , PCMCIA- . . Socket Services.
1992 . Card Services, PCMCIA-. , Socket Services, . Socket Services Card Services lAh , . , Card Services.
PCMCIA, " " (CIS Card Identification Structure), "" , PCMCIA- . , CIS .
, (Basic Compability Layer), . , . : , , , , , .
(Data Recording Format Layer). , . 2.0 : , , , , .
CIS, (Data Organization Layer), , .. , . : DOS; Flash Microsoft -; " " (eXecute In Place, XI ); .
CIS (system specific) , . , XIP , , , .
PCMCIA-, (Atrib-ute Memory). , PCMCIA 2.0 (Common Memory). CIS , , 128 . CIS, . , . CIS PC , 8- .
3.9. PCMCIA 2
0 | CISPLNULL | ; |
1 | CISPLDEVICE | ( ) |
27 | , , | |
8OFh | , | |
CISPLCHECKSUM | ||
CISPLLONQLINKA | ( ) | |
10h | CISPLLONGLINKC | ( ) |
11h | CISPL LINKTARQET | |
12h | CISPLNOLINK | |
13h | CISPLVERSJ | 1 () |
14h | CISPL ALTSTR | |
15h | CISPLDEVICEA | |
16h | CISPLJEDECC | JEDEC |
17h | CISPLJEDECA | JEDEC |
18h | CISPLCFIG | |
19h | CISPLENTRY | |
1Ah | CISPLDEVICEOC | |
1Bh | CISPLDEVICEOA | |
1Ch | CISPL VERS @ | 2 |
1Dh | CISPL FORMAT | |
1Eh1Fh | CISPL GEOMETRY | |
40h | CISPLBYTEORDER | |
41 h | CISPLJ3ATE |
, , . . ( ) . PCMCIA 2.0 , . 3.9.
PCMCIA , .
3.6.3. PC Card
PCMCIA 2.0 PC Card. 5485 3,3 , PC Card no (JEIDA). PCMCIA 68- Fujitsu. PCMCIA Type I PC Card.
Type 1 . PC Card 3,3 . "" ERPROM.
PCMCIA 2.0 , 2 PC Card. 5,0 , 1. PCMCIA 2.0 ( ). 48 , 75 . 2 PC Card , 1, 10 3,3 1. .
1992 . PCMCIA PC Card 3. 5 ( 2) i 0,5 , . 2, 3 PC Card , .
PCMCIA 2.0 1 2 ^. 50 ( 135 ) . 51 PCMCIA.
, 40 PC Card 10 , .
PC Card . , " ". PC Card . , , .
( ) . ("") , , .
PC Card , , .
3.6.4. PC Card
PC Card 68- - ( 34 ). 1,27 .
, , (3,6 ), (3,2 ). . , , , . 36 67, , 2-6.
PCMCIA 2.0 PC Card: "" ( 1.0 ) -. . 3.10 . , ( ), 68- . - ( 16, 33,62 63); - ( 18, 52 61); , , - ( 44, 45 60).
PC Card , PCMCIA- . PC Card CIS, -, . PCMCIA 2.0 8-, 16- . " " ( 7 42) ; 7 , 42 . 8- , 7, 42, .
3.10. PC Card
/ | ||||
1 | GND | |||
2 | D3 | / | 3- | |
3 | D4 | / | 4- | |
4 | D5 | / | 5- | |
5 | D6 | / | 6- | |
6 | D7 | / | 7- | |
7 | 1 |
|
||
8 | 10 | - | ||
9 | ||||
10 | 11 | 11 - | ||
11 | 9 | 9- | ||
12 | 8 | 8- | ||
13 | 13 | 13- | ||
14 | 14 | 14- | ||
15 | WE/PGM | |||
16" | RDY/ BSY | / | / | |
17 | Vcc | |||
18" | 1 | 1 | ||
19 | 16 | 16- | ||
20 | 15 | 15- | ||
21 | 12 | 12- | ||
22 | 7 | 7- | ||
23 | 6 | 6- | ||
24 | 5 | 5- | ||
25 | 4 | 4- | ||
26 | A3 | 3- | ||
27 | 2 | 2- | ||
28 | 1 | 1 - | ||
29 | 0- | |||
30 | DO | / . | 0- | |
31 | D1 | / | 1- | |
32 | D2 | / | 2- | |
33" | WP | / | ||
34 | GNO | |||
35 | GND |
36 | CD1 | |||
37 | 011 | / | 11 - | |
38 | D12 | / | 12- | |
39 | D13 | / | 13- | |
40 | D14 | / | 14- | |
41 | D15 | / | 15- | |
42 | 2 | |||
43 | RFSH | |||
44" | RFU | |||
45" | RFU | |||
46 | 17 | 17- | ||
47 | 18 | 18- | ||
48 | 19 | 19- | ||
49 | 20 | 20- | ||
50 | 21 | 21 - | ||
51 | Vcc | |||
52' | Vpp2 | 2 | ||
53 | 22 | 22- | ||
54 | 23 | 23- | ||
55 | 24 | 24- | ||
56 | 25 | 25- | ||
57 | RFU | |||
58 | RESET | / ' | ||
59 | WAIT | |||
60" | RFU | |||
61' | REG | |||
62" | BVD2 | 2 | ||
63' | BVD1 | 1 | ||
64 | D8 | / | 8- | |
65 | D9 | / | 9- | |
66 | D10 | / | 10- | |
67 | CD2 | |||
68 | QND |
PCMCIA 16 , 32- . 16- , 2.0 , 32- , "" .
26 64 . , .. PC Card . . 64 PCMCIA.
64 , , . PC Card CIS .
Register Select (" ", 61) 26 , , . , , , . , PC Card , Register Select , .
, PC Card, " " ( 9). "/" ( 16) , . - . - 16 "/". PC Card 2.0, -, " " 59 , .
" " ( 33) . - , - (16 ).
62 63 . 63 :
, . 62 , , , ; - .
, ERPROM, . 18 52 PCMCIA.
26 , , -. " " (44) " " (45) , : .
-, PC Card , 67108864 (64 ). 16 4080 PC Card . (8 16 ) 33.
- PC Card . , .. PC Card "" , .
PCMCIA , PC Card ( PC AT), ( Micro Channel EISA). .
- PC Card . , ("/") . PC Card XOR (" "), .
PC Card PCMCIA 2.0 RESET (" ", 58). , , - .
PCMCIA, 32- , , . XIP, PC Card, .. ( ). , PCMCIA IDE PC Card.
, " " (USB Universal Serial Bus). , , .. , , . USB . .
1. RS-232 (V. 24/V. 28) 1. 1. , , RS-232 . '1969
Copyright (c) 2025 Stud-Baza.ru , , , .