. , , ,

,,,

,

1. RS-232 (V. 24/V. 28)

1. 1.

, , RS-232 . '1969 . (Electronic Industries Association EIA) "" (Recommended Standard RS) 232. RS-232 .' ITU-T V.24 V.28. Mil-Std-188C. 18145-81.

"D" RS-232 1987 . , DB-25.

"", 1991. EIA/TIA-232E. , . , EIA/TIA-232E.

V.24 DTE DCE. RS-232 , RS-232 V.24 . V.24 , RS-232, V.24 . RS-232 V.24. V.24 (. V.28) , , , . V.28.

V.28 V.24, 20 /. , .. , . V.28 RS-232.

RS-232 :

> ;

> , ;

> ;

> .

3.1.2. RS-232

RS-232 . , . , . , - .

- , , , ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). ASCII . , 1000001. RS-232 , , . . 3.1, . . 7 ASCII. "1" "" , 8- ( ) ( ). , .


. 3.1. () RS-232 ()

ASCII, 128 ASCII- 128 . , , . ASCII. ASCII 256 , , (2 =256). - . , , . .

, 1011 , 78 . - , , 11 01000001011. , 0.

RS-232 , . (SPACE) +3 +25, 1 (MARK) 3 25. . 3.1, , TxD RxD RS-232.

. DTE DCE, RS-232, . , , "". . 3.1. . 3.1. V.24. , DTE DCE. RS-232.

"" ().

, . "" DCE. , .

"" ()

DB-25 .

()

, , () DTE DCE. , DCE (- ), , DCE DCE-.

DTE , 1 (MARK). , DTE DCE. DTE ,, " ", " ", " DCE" " DTE" (ON) .

, DTE DCE, : " ". DTE DCE.

()

3.1. RS-232

Nfi . DB-25 . DB-9 1 . (RS-232) ITU-T . (V.24> DTE
1 GNO
2 3 103
3 2 104 1 RxO
4 7 CJ 105 133 RTS
5 8 106 CTS
6 6 107 " OSR
7 5 102 SG
8 1 CF 109
9 : +12 , 20
10 : -12 , 20
11 126
12 SCF 122 SOCO
13 SCB 121 SCTS
14 SBA 118 STO
15 DB 114 ()
16 SBB 119 SRO
17 DD 115 () RC
18 141 ( )
19 SCA 120 SRTS
20 4 CD 108.1 108.2 OTR
21 CG 110 SQ
RL 140
22 9 125 RI
23 111 ()
23 Cl 112 ()
24 DA 113 ()
25 142 ( )


, DCE, , DCE.

, DCE 1 (MARK) , " " (OFF). , DTE DCE.

MARK, " " , .

, DTE DCE, : " ". DCE DTE.

()

DTE. DCE . . DCE- .

DCE . DTE , DCE- .

DTE " " , , DCE- " ".

" " DCE . DCE , , " " , , DCE .

" " DCE , DTE-. DCE . " " .

()

DCE. DCE DTE-. " " , DTE . DCE , . DCE , .

" " " ". DCE " " , DTE . , " " , DCE--. DCE , " " . .

" " , DCE ,

.

DCE ()

DCE DTE . : " " " ". , DCE DTE .

" " DCE. " " DCE, .

DTE (CD)

DTE. DCE- , . DCE , , " DTE" . , " ".

, " DTE" , DCE . , DCE . " DTE" , DCE " DCE" .

()

DCE , . " " ON , OFF . . DTE .

(CF)

DCE , . , , . DCE. " ".

, " " ( ), DCE MARK " ".

, " ", " " .

(CG)

.

DTE ()

DTE , ( ) DCE. .

DCE (CI)

DCE , . .

(CJ)

RS-232 " ". DTE , DCE .

, , DTE DCE. DCE . DCE- DCE .

, " ", , " " .

(LL)

DTE DCE . DTE " ", DCE- . DCE " ". , DTE DCE, DTE. " " DCE - .

" " " ".

(RL)

DTE DCE . DTE " ", DCE DCE . , DCE " " .

, DTE-, . DCE- . DCE DCE, DTE. DTE " " , DCE DCE .

DCE " DCE" , " " , , DCE .

()

DCE , DTE . DCE-- " " " " . " " , DCE , DCE. " " , DCE .

DTE (DA)

DTE DCE. (), DTE " ". , , DTE- .

DCE (DB)

DCE DTE. DCE " " , () DB .

DCE (DD)

DCE DTE . (), DCE " ".

(SBA)

" ", .

(SBB)

" ", .

(SCA)

" ", .

(SCB)

" ", .

(SCF)

" ", ".

3.1.3.

RS-232 ( ).

IBM , . . , RS-232. , , . , . ,


. 3.2. RS-232

RS-232 . 3.2.

- RS-232 EIA, il488 il489 .

: 50, 75, 110, 150 , 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 115200 . BIOS ( Intl4h) 9600 . 1,8432 i . .

INS8250 (i8250) 16450, 16550, 16550. UART (Universal Asinchronouse Receiver Transmitter). 8250 , . , UART , . UART / . UART :

> PC;

> (- );

> - , , , ( );

> - ;

> .

UART :

> ;

> - : , , ; ;

> ; ;

> - PC;

> , .

IBM INS8250 National Semiconductor. . . , 8250 . 8250 38400 /. UART .

UART 16450 115200 /. 8250.

9600 / 8250 16450 , ( ) PC . () " " . 16550 (PC16550C/NS16550AF ).

16550 8250 8250. , UART 8250 16450 UART 16550 , . 1 16 FIFO (First In First Out

). FIFO . , (BREAK-) , . 16550 :

> PC ;

> , ;

> ;

> , ;

> , ;

> - , 24 ;

> ;

> , 8250 16450;

> 16 .

. RS-232 DB-25 DB-9. 25, 9 . RS-232 (EIA) V.24 (ITU-T) . 3.1.


. 3.3. DB-25 DB-9

DB-25 DB-9, RS-232 . 3.3.

3.1.4. RS-232.

TxD RxD DTE DCE -. DTE TxD , RxD . , DCE TxD , RxD . , . 3.4 ( DB-25)

.


. 3.4. DTE DCE


3 5 DTE DTE

- RS-232

, TxD RxD, 3 5. , . DTE DCE , DSR, DTR, DCD, CTS RTS, .

DTE DTR DSR DCD , DCE DSR, DCD DTR , DTE, "" .

DTE (DCE) , - , - , , 3 6


3.6 -


. 3.7. DB25-DB25

RS-232. , , , RS-232. . 3.7.

- (. 3.8) . . 3.9, DB-9 DB-25 . 3.10.


.3.8. ,


. 3.9. DB-25 DB-9

, DTE () - ( "", male), a DCE () - ("", female). DB-9 DB-25, , 9- . , CTS (5-8), DSR (6-6), DCD (8-1) RI (22-9) . , .


. . DB-9 DB-25


3 11 Mini DIN-8 DB-25 Macintosh

Macintosh Mini DIN-8 3 11, 312


3 12 Mini DIN-8 DB-25 Macintosh

3.1.5.

. .

. , , , . .

, . , . , , , . .

.

, XON/XOFF, :

> XOFF ( DC3h ASCII) TxD (103) DTE ;

> XON ( DClh ASCII) RxD (104) DTE .

XOFF CTRL-S ("S), a XON CTRL-Q (*0). , XOFF , .

DTE . , XOFF , DTE- . DTE , XON ( ). DTE- .

(.Software Hand-Shaking).


. 3.13.

(DTEDCE) . . 3.13.

" ", .

.

DCE : . XON/XOFF. XOFF CTS (106) (" ").

CTS, DTE . , DCE CTS , XON.

DTE DCE . , . CTS , . , DCE DTE, RTS (105) (" "). DCE RTS . .

Hardware Hand-Shaking. DTE DCE , . 3.14.


. 3.14. DCE DTE

3.1.6.

, /, BIOS . . .

PC . .

: 3F8h, 2F8h', 3E8h 2E8h. BIOS. , 0400h. . . BIOS : 1 COM4 , LPT1 LPT4.

. 1 IRQ4 (Interrupt Request). COM2 - IRQ3. COM3 COM2 IRQ3, COM4 1 IRQ4. .

3.2. PS/2

OS/2

/

SERIAL 1

03F8h

83F8h

IRQ4

SERIAL 2

02F8h

82F8h

IRQ3

SERIAL 3

3220h

B220h

IRQ3

SERIAL 4

3228h

B228h

IRQ3

SERIAL 5

4220h

C220h

IRQ3

SERIAL 6

4228h

C228h

IRQ3

SERIAL 7

5220h

E220h

IRQ3

SERIAL 8

5228h

E228h

IRQ3


PS/2 AT . , . , PS/2 (ESI) Hayes. , . ESI- Hayes . . 3.2 / , PS/2.

3.1.7. RS-232

, DTE DCE . RS-232 15 20 /. . . 3.3 , McNamara (Technical Aspects of Data Communications, Digital Press, 1982).

. , DTE DCE . , , RS-449, RS-422A RS-423A, , RS-232.

3.3. DTE DCE

, /

,

,

110

1525

915

300

1525

915

1200

915

915

2400

305

152

4800

305

76

9600

76

76


3.2. RS-422A, RS-423A RS-449 (V.36)

, RS-232, , EIA RS-422A, RS-423A RS-449. ITU-T V.10 .26 RS-423, V.11 .27 RS-422. . 3.4 .

3.4. RS-422A RS-423A

, /

,

RS-423A (V.10 .26)

RS-422A (V.11 .27)

1

100

1000

10

1000

100

100

10000

10


RS-423A

RS-423A . "" , RS-232 . .

RS-422A, , . . RS-422A 100 /.

RS-422A

RS-422A . ( 10 /) ( 1000 ) DTEDCE. , RS-232, . .

V.28, , . RS-422A RS-423A ( ) .

RS-422A RS-423A . RS-232, RS-422A RS-232 .

RS-449

RS-449, RS-422A RS-423A, , , .. RS-449 RS-422A RS-423A. RS-449 V.36.

RS-449, RS-422A () RS-423A RS-232. , DTEDCE.

RS-449 30 . RS-232. , . .

RS-449 1- . , " ", " ", " " . 1 - . 20 / RS-422A RS-423A; 20 / ( 2/) - RS-422A.

20 2- RS-423A. 2- , " ", " " .

RS-449 , RS-232, (. . 3.5). 37 9 .

3.5. RS-449

37-
RS-449 RS-232 V.24 DTE
1 RG
2 SI 1 112
3
4 SD TxD 103
5 ST DB 114
6 RD RxD 104
7 RS RTS 105
8 RT RC DD 115
9 CS CTS 106
10 LL 141
11 DM DSR 107 DCE
12 TR DTR CD 108 DTE
13 RR DCD CF 109
14 RL 140
15 1 RI 125
16 SF/S R / /1 111/ 112
17 DA 113


18 142
19 SG SG 102
20 RC SG 102
21
22 SD RS-422,
23 ST RS-422,
24 RD RS-422,
25 RS RS-422,
26 RT RS-422,
27 CS RS-422,
28 IS CN 135
29 DM RS-422,
30 TR RS-422,
31 RR RS-422,
32 SS 116
33 SQ SQ 110
34 NS NS 136
35 TT RS-422,
36 SB 117
37 SC SG SG 102


1
2 SRR SCF 122
3 SSD SBA 118
4 3RD SBB 119
5 SG SQ 2
6 RC SG 102b DTE
7 SRS SRS SCA 120
8 SCS SCS SCB 121
9 SC SG 102


RS-449/V.36 . 3.15.


. 3.15. RS-449/V.36

3.3. V.35

V.35 80- (, .) . ( ) .

V.35 60-108 ( 12 ) 48 /.

, .

V.35 , - RS-232 . , IBM V.35 . . IBM, - ISO 2593.


. 3.16. V.35

3.6. V.35

101
102
105
0 106
107
F 109
108/1 108/2
J 125
K.L.M.N ITU-T
S 103
R 104
U W 113
V 115
Y 114
Z.BB.CC.DD, EE.FF ITU-T
HH.JJ.KK.LL
MM.NN ITU-T


V.28 , . V.35 ("1"=-0,55 , "0"=+0,55 ) , .

V.35 (V.24/V.28) (V.35) . , V.24/V.28 (RS-232). DTEDCE 34- MRAC. /, 34- , . . 3.6 ISO 2593 V.35, . 3.16. .

1988 . ITU-T V.35, , . , V.35 . , , V.35 , , 2 /.

3.4. .21 X.21bis

.21 1972 . DTEDCE , . DTE , DCE , . .21 , .

ITU-T .21 , -5 ( 5). . . .

, , . , DTE DCE , RS-232.

.21 . 3.7.

3.7. .21

DB-15 DCE DTE
1
2 ()
3 ()
4 ()
5 ()
6 ()
7
8
9 ()
10 ()
11 ()
12 ()
13 ()
14
15



. 3.17. .21

.21 ISO 4903, 15- DB-15, . 3,17.

.21 , . -5. . , . . , DTE, SYN.

.21 . , , , .

X.21bis

X.21bis , , V.

X.21bis DTE, V X.21bis, DTE, .21. ( ), .

DTE DCE V.28, .26 25- 37- , .

3.5.

, V.34, V.42bis, , - RS-232. .

3.5.1.

-. . 3.18.

, - 8211, -.


. 3.18.

-, ( ) - . 25- D-shell.

IBM - , 0378h 0278h. . , , 0378h. , DIP- .

IBM PC- , : LPT1, LPT2, LPT3. PRN LPT1. -. . : , 0378h 0278h. LPT1, LPT2, LPT3. , LPT1 (PRN) -, , .

. , . IBM.

3.5.2.

Intel, Xircon, Zenith , , (.Enhanced Parallel Port).

, 8 . IN OUT, . . , , , .

, . , , , , .

3.8.

DB-25 ( )
1 /
2 / Data 0 Data 0
3 / Data 1 Data 1
4 / Data 2 Data 2
5 / Data3 Data3
6 / Data 4 Data 4
7 / Data 5 Data 5
8 / Data 6 Data 6
9 / Data 7 Data 7
10
11
12
13
14 /
15
16 /
17 /
1825


. . 2 /. DB-25 . 3.8.

SCSI 64 .

3.5.3.

(Extended Capability Port).

, Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard , . , . , . 128 .

, , . . , , . , , . . , .

RLE (Run-Lehgt Encoding). : , . , , .

3.5.4. IEEE 1284

IEEE 1284.

IEEE 1284 , . .

, IEEE 1284 . IRQ. , ( 15 DB-25) , .

3.6. PC Card (PCMCIA)

3.6.1.

PC Card, PCMCIA, PC Card. PC Card , , , GPS , , , . PCMCIA . PC Card , . . 3.19.

PCMCIA 1.0 1990 . .

, , -. 2.0 , . , PCMCIA, , .

PCMCIA , . , , , .

3.6.2. PC Card

PCMCIA 16- (IRQ). PCMCIA PC Card , PCMCIA. . 3.20.


. 3.19. PC Card



. 3.20. PCMCIA

, PCMCIA, 255 PCMCIA. 16 PCMCIA. , PCMCIA 2.0 4080 PC Card.

- PC Card . PCMCIA- , . ( ), ( EMS-) . PCMCIA- , .

PCMCIA- Socket Services. IRQ lAh PC Card. Socket Services - , BIOS PC. , Socket Services , BIOS IBM PC. Socket Services , PCMCIA.

Socket Services , PCMCIA- . . Socket Services.

1992 . Card Services, PCMCIA-. , Socket Services, . Socket Services Card Services lAh , . , Card Services.

PCMCIA, " " (CIS Card Identification Structure), "" , PCMCIA- . , CIS .

, (Basic Compability Layer), . , . : , , , , , .

(Data Recording Format Layer). , . 2.0 : , , , , .

CIS, (Data Organization Layer), , .. , . : DOS; Flash Microsoft -; " " (eXecute In Place, XI ); .

CIS (system specific) , . , XIP , , , .

PCMCIA-, (Atrib-ute Memory). , PCMCIA 2.0 (Common Memory). CIS , , 128 . CIS, . , . CIS PC , 8- .

3.9. PCMCIA 2

0 CISPLNULL ;
1 CISPLDEVICE ( )
27 , ,
8OFh ,
CISPLCHECKSUM
CISPLLONQLINKA ( )
10h CISPLLONGLINKC ( )
11h CISPL LINKTARQET
12h CISPLNOLINK
13h CISPLVERSJ 1 ()
14h CISPL ALTSTR
15h CISPLDEVICEA
16h CISPLJEDECC JEDEC
17h CISPLJEDECA JEDEC
18h CISPLCFIG
19h CISPLENTRY
1Ah CISPLDEVICEOC
1Bh CISPLDEVICEOA
1Ch CISPL VERS @ 2
1Dh CISPL FORMAT
1Eh1Fh CISPL GEOMETRY
40h CISPLBYTEORDER
41 h CISPLJ3ATE


, , . . ( ) . PCMCIA 2.0 , . 3.9.

PCMCIA , .

3.6.3. PC Card

PCMCIA 2.0 PC Card. 5485 3,3 , PC Card no (JEIDA). PCMCIA 68- Fujitsu. PCMCIA Type I PC Card.

Type 1 . PC Card 3,3 . "" ERPROM.

PCMCIA 2.0 , 2 PC Card. 5,0 , 1. PCMCIA 2.0 ( ). 48 , 75 . 2 PC Card , 1, 10 3,3 1. .

1992 . PCMCIA PC Card 3. 5 ( 2) i 0,5 , . 2, 3 PC Card , .

PCMCIA 2.0 1 2 ^. 50 ( 135 ) . 51 PCMCIA.

, 40 PC Card 10 , .

PC Card . , " ". PC Card . , , .

( ) . ("") , , .

PC Card , , .

3.6.4. PC Card

PC Card 68- - ( 34 ). 1,27 .

, , (3,6 ), (3,2 ). . , , , . 36 67, , 2-6.

PCMCIA 2.0 PC Card: "" ( 1.0 ) -. . 3.10 . , ( ), 68- . - ( 16, 33,62 63); - ( 18, 52 61); , , - ( 44, 45 60).

PC Card , PCMCIA- . PC Card CIS, -, . PCMCIA 2.0 8-, 16- . " " ( 7 42) ; 7 , 42 . 8- , 7, 42, .  

3.10. PC Card

/
1 GND
2 D3 / 3-
3 D4 / 4-
4 D5 / 5-
5 D6 / 6-
6 D7 / 7-
7 1

8 10 -
9
10 11 11 -
11 9 9-
12 8 8-
13 13 13-
14 14 14-
15 WE/PGM
16" RDY/ BSY / /
17 Vcc
18" 1 1
19 16 16-
20 15 15-
21 12 12-
22 7 7-
23 6 6-
24 5 5-
25 4 4-
26 A3 3-
27 2 2-
28 1 1 -
29 0-
30 DO / . 0-
31 D1 / 1-
32 D2 / 2-
33" WP /
34 GNO
35 GND


36 CD1
37 011 / 11 -
38 D12 / 12-
39 D13 / 13-
40 D14 / 14-
41 D15 / 15-
42 2
43 RFSH
44" RFU
45" RFU
46 17 17-
47 18 18-
48 19 19-
49 20 20-
50 21 21 -
51 Vcc
52' Vpp2 2
53 22 22-
54 23 23-
55 24 24-
56 25 25-
57 RFU
58 RESET / '
59 WAIT
60" RFU
61' REG
62" BVD2 2
63' BVD1 1
64 D8 / 8-
65 D9 / 9-
66 D10 / 10-
67 CD2
68 QND


PCMCIA 16 , 32- . 16- , 2.0 , 32- , "" .

26 64 . , .. PC Card . . 64 PCMCIA.

64 , , . PC Card CIS .

Register Select (" ", 61) 26 , , . , , , . , PC Card , Register Select , .

, PC Card, " " ( 9). "/" ( 16) , . - . - 16 "/". PC Card 2.0, -, " " 59 , .

" " ( 33) . - , - (16 ).

62 63 . 63 :

, . 62 , , , ; - .

, ERPROM, . 18 52 PCMCIA.

26 , , -. " " (44) " " (45) , : .

-, PC Card , 67108864 (64 ). 16 4080 PC Card . (8 16 ) 33.

- PC Card . , .. PC Card "" , .

PCMCIA , PC Card ( PC AT), ( Micro Channel EISA). .

- PC Card . , ("/") . PC Card XOR (" "), .

PC Card PCMCIA 2.0 RESET (" ", 58). , , - .

PCMCIA, 32- , , . XIP, PC Card, .. ( ). , PCMCIA IDE PC Card.

, " " (USB Universal Serial Bus). , , .. , , . USB . .

1. RS-232 (V. 24/V. 28) 1. 1. , , RS-232 . '1969

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :