. , , ,

,,,

, — ,

(interface) , ; , . , ( ) . . ( ) . PC Centronics, LPT-. , . PC RS-232C. .

, . , , , CD-, DVD-, , , .

.

 


+1. 

+2. USB

+3.

+4.

+5

6.

7. USB -

9. -


USB

USB (Universal Serial Bus ) PC, . 1.0 1996 . USB :

Ø  PC.

Ø  , 12 M/.

Ø  () .

Ø  .

Ø  .

Ø  PC .

Ø  , .

Ø  , PC.

Ø  , USB:

Ø  .

Ø  .

Ø  , .

Ø  .

Ø  1996 PC USB, . , , , / USB, USB- - .


USB

USB - (). . , , .

, . , , , CD-, DVD-, , , .

.

"Universal Serial Bus Specification", Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC Northern Telecom. :

(Device) USB , . (Hub) . (Function) USB , ISDN, , . . USB USB, USB, ( ) , . , USB, , . USB - (Host Controller), - -.

. , - . ( ) -, . - (Root Hub), - . USB, , . , USB (. ), -.

, . , . , . -.

, . - .

:

Ø  - , , .

Ø  - .

Ø  - , ().

Ø  ISDN.

- USB. . . . .

(Upstream Port), . (Downstream Ports), . . . .

; , .

USB . USB , . - , . , . 7.1.

:

Ø   USB - , , .

Ø   Client SW - , , -. .

Ø   USB System SW - USB, .

Ø   USB Host Controller - USB -.


USB . 5 . D+ D- . 0,3 ( ) 2,8 ( ). - 0,5...+3,8 . .

USB . D+ D-, . , . Diff0 Diff1 D+ D- 200 , VSE. , D+ D- , (SEO - Single-Ended Zero). :

Ø  Data J State Data State - ( J ), Diff0 Diff1.

Ø  Idle State - .

Ø  Resume State - "" "" .

Ø  Start of Packet (SOP) - ( Idle State ).

Ø  End of Packet (EOP) - .

Ø  Disconnect - .

Ø  Connect - .

Ø  Reset - .

; DiffO Diff1 .
Disconnect, Connect Reset ( 2,5 ) .

. USB 12 /, - 1,5 /. 90 5 , - 3 . . ; .

, . , , ,

D+ D-, R2 (. . 7.2 7.3).

NRZI (Non Return to Zero Invert), . 7.4. SYNC, . VBus GND 5 . .

. 7.4. NRZI

(. . 7.1 . 7.5).

"" (Upstream Connector). , (, , . .). (Downstream Port) . "" (Downstream Connector) , ( ). () , "".

"" "" (. 7.5), . , . . USB .

. 7.5. USB: - "", - "", -

USB (Bus-Powered Devices) (Self-Powered Devices). . , , , . , . . 7.6 USB. , .


USB , . . , () .

USB :

Ø (Control Transfers), . . 64 8 .

Ø (Bulk Data Transfers) . . 8, 16, 32 64 . , . .

Ø (Interrupt) - ( 64 , 8 ) . , . 1-255 10-255 - .

Ø (Isochronous Transfers) - , . - . - . , , , .

. , , , .

US , , . USB , , , .

- - : , , USB.


 

() USB . , - (Token Packet). , - USB . ( ) . . ( ) ( , ). (Handshake Packet).

. (NAck) . . .

USB:

Ø   , / .

Ø   CRC-.

Ø   .

Ø   - .

Ø   .

Ø   .

CRC-, . , . , .


USB -

USB . "" , , USB. , . . , - . , . , -, .

, , . , . , , . ; . , .

(. ). , , .

USB. , , . , 100 . ( 500 ) , , , , .

USB (Suspended Mode), 500 . .

(Remote Wakeup) , . . .

USB , , . - (Hub Controller) (Hub Repeater). , . . . . , .

(Downstream) :

Ø   Powered ( ) - ( , ). , .

Ø   Disconnected () - , ( SEO 2,5 ). Disabled, {DiffO Diff1 Idle) .

Ø   Disabled () - ( ), ( ) . (2,5 SEO) Disconnect, "" , Resume.

Ø   Enabled () - . Disabled, - Disconnect.

Ø   Suspended () - ("" ). , . "" , "" "" . . , ( EOF). - , .


-

- . :

Ø  USB;

Ø  ;

Ø  ;

Ø  ;

Ø  .

Ø  , -, :

Ø  ;

Ø  ;

Ø  ;

Ø  ;

Ø  .

USB

- - , Advanced Power Management .


-

- (Communication Port - ) IBM PC. Intel 8250. BIOS (// 74/?), ( ) . PC , i8250. PC- () 58051 - 18251. - ( USART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter). PC - . , "" B/OS // 14h, , " " . - . B/OS // 14h, . - PC, i8250 RS-232C.


-

- (, ). ; . - Serial Mouse - . DB-9S-DB-25P DB-25S-DB-9P. , 1 - IRQ4, COM2 - IRQ3. IRQ . - - RS-232C. ; (. 2.3).

Serial Mouse - MS-Mouse PC-Mouse (Mouse Systems Mouse) - , MS/PC. "" , "" . : 1200 /, - Microsoft Mouse 7 , a PC-Mouse - 8 . - , . , MS-Mouse, (. 2.4). PC-Mouse 5 (. 2.5). LB (Left Buttom), MB (Middle Buttom) RB (Right Buttom) , , [7:0] Y[7:0] - Y. , Y MS-Mouse PC-Mouse. .

D6 D5 D4 D3 02 01 00
1- 1

LB

RB

Y7

Y6

7

6

2- 0

5

4

2

1

3- 0

Y5

Y4

Y3

Y2

Y1

YO

07 05 04

03

02

01

DO
1- 1 0

LB

MB

RB

2-

7

6

5

4

2

1

3-

Y7

Y6

Y5

Y4

Y3

Y2

Y1

YO

4- 2-
5- 3-

(9-) -, . 2.7. ( ); 9-25, . , () . 9600 / , - UART 16550A . FIFO- DMA .

, , - - (. 2.8). Norton Commander Interink MS-DOS 115,2 / . Lantastic, .

- , : XON/XOFF RTS/CTS. . 2.10 2.12. . DOS ( COPY PRINT) .

- (Security Devices), . "", , .

- PC , (VT-52, VT-100 . .). , BIOS - (INT 14h), (// 10h) (INT 16h). (,, Pentium), BIOS , .

RS-232C . - , 3 4 - . . , , - , PC, -. PC . , PC, , .

-

- IR (Infra Red) Connection. , , . ( 115,2 /), (1,152 /) (4 /) . , - , , , . . , " ". 1993 IrDA (Infrared Data Association), . IrDA 1.1. Hewlett Packard - HP-SIR (Hewlett Packard Slow Infra Red) - Sharp - ASK (Amplitude Shifted Keyed IR). :

Ø IrDA SIR (Slow Infra Red), HP-SIR - 9,6-115,2 /;

Ø IrDA MIR (Middle Infra Red) - 1,2 /;

Ø IrDA FIR (Fast Infra Red) - 4 /;

Ø + Sharp ASK - 9,6-57,6 /.

115 200 / UART, 16450/16550. COM2. - " ", IR-Connector .

, - DMA .

. - , . -. . 2.6. - (Checkit) . UART ( ) , , . , /, UART. , (. 2.17). LPT- - , . . RTSCTS - . DTR

DSR, DCD RI.

, , . . :

1. ( , , , ).

2. TD, RTS DTR: TD -12 ( -5 ), RTS DTR - . , . :

Ø ;

Ø ( );

Ø .

, . . 2.1 10- -, ; - . , .

, ( ). , , .


BIOS -

POST BIOS ( UART 8250 ) BIOS Data Area 0:0400, 0402, 0404, 0406. 1-COM4. . 0:047, 047D, 047, 047F , - .

2400 /, 7

(even), 1 -. DTR RTS ("" ).

BIOS INT 14h, :

Ø   - ( , AL; ). DTR RTS ( ).

Ø   Olh - AL ( ). DTR RTS, THR . , - .

Ø   02h - ( ). DTR (RTS ), , AL. , -.

Ø   03h - ( MSR LSR). / -.

INT 14h , (0-3) - DX(0 - 1, 1 - COM2...). 0,1 3 ( LSR), AL - (MSR). 2 7 AL', 7 - , 3.


-

, -, . , , - (. 2.18):

. 2.18.

1. DTR=OA/, RTS=OFF, TXD=Mark - (Idle).

2. (0,2 ) DSR, , . DTR-DSR, . , DTR RTS . , , , .

3. 1200 /, 7 , , 1 -, 0,2 DTR. DTR=1, 0,2 RTS=1.

4. 0,2 . (. ). (. 2.18), (. . 5), .

5. 0,2 (DTR=0 RTS=0), (DTR=1 RTS==1).

6. 0,2 , (. ). , DSR Verify Disconnect ( DSR^O) Connect Idle ( DSR=1).

7. Connect Idle DTR=1, RTS=0, 300 /, 7 , , 1 -. DSR=0, .

- 0,2 , 2,2 , 256 . (28h 08h) (29h 09h), . 16 , . 0,2 ( 4 6) , -, , - , Connect Idle. , .

(Verify Disconnect) DTR=1, RTS=0 5 DSR. DSR=1 Connect Idle (. . 7), DSR^O Disconnect Idle, DSR .

Microsoft - , . , Microsoft Mouse ASCII- "" ( - "").


: LPT-

PC LP'T- (Line PrinTer ).

, /. , 386h, 378h 278h. 8- , 5- 4- .

BIOS LPT- (LPT1-LPT4) INT 17h, Centronics. BIOS , , .

Centronics

Centronics , 36- , . . 1.

Centronics

1.

I/O
Strobe I 1 .
Data [0:7] I 2-9 . Data 0 ( 2)
Actt 0 10 Acknowledge ( ).
Busy 0 11 .
PaperEnd 0 12
Select 0 13
Auto LF# I 14 .
0 32 : , OFF-Line
Imt# I 31
Slot In# I 36 ( ).
GND - 19-30 33
* I/O (/) .

Centronics , -.


BIOS LPT-

BIOS LPT-, Centronics.

POST BIOS , 378h 278h BIOS DATA AREA 0:0408h, 040Ah, 040, 040. LPT1-LPT4. 0:0478, 0479, 047, 047 , - .

. , , LPT-, BIOS DATA AREA. LPT4 BIOS , .

Initff, 00h, .

BIOS I NT 17h LPT-:

00h AL Centronics. .

01h .

02h .

INT 17h , DX (0 LPT1, 1 LPT2...). SR[7:3] ( 6 3 ) - 0. - .


IEEE 1284 .

:

-0,5... +5,5 .

14 +2,4 (voh) +0,4 (vol) .

ro, , 50()5 voh-vol. . .

() 0,05-0,4 /.

:

-2,0...+7,0.

2,0 (vih) 0,8 (vil) .

0,2-1,2 .

20 .

50 .

IEEE 1284 . (DB-25) (Centronics-36) , 36- .

, , 18 25 , GND.

IEEE 1284 :

() .

62()6 4-16 .

10%.

(), 85% . .

, , I Std 1284-1994 Compliant. 10 .


IEEE 1284 , - Centronics. . , , ( PC), .

, Centronics (Fast Centronics, Parallel Port FIFO Mode), IEE1284, .

:

, .

, ( ). Ptr .

.

ࠠ .


. , BIOS . , BIOS DATA AREA .

BIOS , , , - . (Loop Back) , , ( ) . BIOS . , .

BIOS, , - .

, . (12) (5) , . (. 1),

. 1. LPT- Checkit

LPT- . , (Checkit, PCCheck . .), - .

DOS ( LPTn PRN ), () , ( ) STROBES.

On Line, a (Not Ready Error), Busy.

, ( ) . , ( , Basic, ).

10 OPEN "bincod.chr" FOR OUTPUT AS #1

20 FORJ=2T015

30 FOR 1=0 15

40 PRINT#1, CHR$(16*J+I);

50 NEXT I 60 PRINT#1,

70 NEXTJ

80 CLOSE #1

90 END

BINCOD.CHR, , ( ), 16 . , . .

, , (SPP) , , IEEE 1284. 50-100 /, 1-2 /, , , 2 .

- , 17 DB-25 36 Centronics.

LPT- . , , . - (, NetWare) . , .


, LPT-, 1284 . , 1284. ( , ). , , .

(interface) , ; ,

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :