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(interface) , ; , . , ( ) . . ( ) . PC Centronics, LPT-. , . PC RS-232C. .
, . , , , CD-, DVD-, , , .
.
+1.
+2. USB
+3.
+4.
+5
6.
7. USB -
9. -
USB
USB (Universal Serial Bus ) PC, . 1.0 1996 . USB :
Ø PC.
Ø , 12 M/.
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Ø , PC.
Ø , USB:
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Ø 1996 PC USB, . , , , / USB, USB- - .
USB
USB - (). . , , .
, . , , , CD-, DVD-, , , .
.
"Universal Serial Bus Specification", Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC Northern Telecom. :
(Device) USB , . (Hub) . (Function) USB , ISDN, , . . USB USB, USB, ( ) , . , USB, , . USB - (Host Controller), - -.
. , - . ( ) -, . - (Root Hub), - . USB, , . , USB (. ), -.
, . , . , . -.
, . - .
:
Ø - , , .
Ø - .
Ø - , ().
Ø ISDN.
- USB. . . . .
(Upstream Port), . (Downstream Ports), . . . .
; , .
USB . USB , . - , . , . 7.1.
:
Ø USB - , , .
Ø Client SW - , , -. .
Ø USB System SW - USB, .
Ø USB Host Controller - USB -.
USB . 5 . D+ D- . 0,3 ( ) 2,8 ( ). - 0,5...+3,8 . .
USB . D+ D-, . , . Diff0 Diff1 D+ D- 200 , VSE. , D+ D- , (SEO - Single-Ended Zero). :
Ø Data J State Data State - ( J ), Diff0 Diff1.
Ø Idle State - .
Ø Resume State - "" "" .
Ø Start of Packet (SOP) - ( Idle State ).
Ø End of Packet (EOP) - .
Ø Disconnect - .
Ø Connect - .
Ø Reset - .
; DiffO Diff1
.
Disconnect, Connect Reset
( 2,5 ) .
. USB 12 /, - 1,5 /. 90 5 , - 3 . . ; .
, . , , ,
D+ D-, R2 (. . 7.2 7.3).
NRZI (Non Return to Zero Invert), . 7.4. SYNC, . VBus GND 5 . .
. 7.4. NRZI
(. . 7.1 . 7.5).
"" (Upstream Connector). , (, , . .). (Downstream Port) . "" (Downstream Connector) , ( ). () , "".
"" "" (. 7.5), . , . . USB .
. 7.5. USB: - "", - "", -
USB (Bus-Powered Devices) (Self-Powered Devices). . , , , . , . . 7.6 USB. , .
USB , . . , () .
USB :
Ø (Control Transfers), . . 64 8 .
Ø (Bulk Data Transfers) . . 8, 16, 32 64 . , . .
Ø (Interrupt) - ( 64 , 8 ) . , . 1-255 10-255 - .
Ø (Isochronous Transfers) - , . - . - . , , , .
. , , , .
US , , . USB , , , .
- - : , , USB.
() USB . , - (Token Packet). , - USB . ( ) . . ( ) ( , ). (Handshake Packet).
. (NAck) . . .
USB:
Ø , / .
Ø CRC-.
Ø .
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CRC-, . , . , .
USB -
USB . "" , , USB. , . . , - . , . , -, .
, , . , . , , . ; . , .
(. ). , , .
USB. , , . , 100 . ( 500 ) , , , , .
USB (Suspended Mode), 500 . .
(Remote Wakeup) , . . .
USB , , . - (Hub Controller) (Hub Repeater). , . . . . , .
(Downstream) :
Ø Powered ( ) - ( , ). , .
Ø Disconnected () - , ( SEO 2,5 ). Disabled, {DiffO Diff1 Idle) .
Ø Disabled () - ( ), ( ) . (2,5 SEO) Disconnect, "" , Resume.
Ø Enabled () - . Disabled, - Disconnect.
Ø Suspended () - ("" ). , . "" , "" "" . . , ( EOF). - , .
-
- . :
Ø USB;
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USB
- - , Advanced Power Management .
-
- (Communication Port - ) IBM PC. Intel 8250. BIOS (// 74/?), ( ) . PC , i8250. PC- () 58051 - 18251. - ( USART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter). PC - . , "" B/OS // 14h, , " " . - . B/OS // 14h, . - PC, i8250 RS-232C.
-
- (, ). ; . - Serial Mouse - . DB-9S-DB-25P DB-25S-DB-9P. , 1 - IRQ4, COM2 - IRQ3. IRQ . - - RS-232C. ; (. 2.3).
Serial Mouse - MS-Mouse PC-Mouse (Mouse Systems Mouse) - , MS/PC. "" , "" . : 1200 /, - Microsoft Mouse 7 , a PC-Mouse - 8 . - , . , MS-Mouse, (. 2.4). PC-Mouse 5 (. 2.5). LB (Left Buttom), MB (Middle Buttom) RB (Right Buttom) , , [7:0] Y[7:0] - Y. , Y MS-Mouse PC-Mouse. .
D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | 02 | 01 | 00 | ||
1- | 1 |
LB |
RB |
Y7 |
Y6 |
7 |
6 |
|
2- | 0 |
5 |
4 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
|
3- | 0 |
Y5 |
Y4 |
Y3 |
Y2 |
Y1 |
YO |
|
07 | 05 | 04 |
03 |
02 |
01 |
DO | ||
1- | 1 | 0 |
|
LB |
MB |
RB |
||
2- |
7 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
3- |
Y7 |
Y6 |
Y5 |
Y4 |
Y3 |
Y2 |
Y1 |
YO |
4- | 2- | |||||||
5- | 3- |
(9-) -, . 2.7. ( ); 9-25, . , () . 9600 / , - UART 16550A . FIFO- DMA .
, , - - (. 2.8). Norton Commander Interink MS-DOS 115,2 / . Lantastic, .
- , : XON/XOFF RTS/CTS. . 2.10 2.12. . DOS ( COPY PRINT) .
- (Security Devices), . "", , .
- PC , (VT-52, VT-100 . .). , BIOS - (INT 14h), (// 10h) (INT 16h). (,, Pentium), BIOS , .
RS-232C . - , 3 4 - . . , , - , PC, -. PC . , PC, , .
-
- IR (Infra Red) Connection. , , . ( 115,2 /), (1,152 /) (4 /) . , - , , , . . , " ". 1993 IrDA (Infrared Data Association), . IrDA 1.1. Hewlett Packard - HP-SIR (Hewlett Packard Slow Infra Red) - Sharp - ASK (Amplitude Shifted Keyed IR). :
Ø IrDA SIR (Slow Infra Red), HP-SIR - 9,6-115,2 /;
Ø IrDA MIR (Middle Infra Red) - 1,2 /;
Ø IrDA FIR (Fast Infra Red) - 4 /;
Ø + Sharp ASK - 9,6-57,6 /.
115 200 / UART, 16450/16550. COM2. - " ", IR-Connector .
, - DMA .
. - , . -. . 2.6. - (Checkit) . UART ( ) , , . , /, UART. , (. 2.17). LPT- - , . . RTSCTS - . DTR
DSR, DCD RI.
, , . . :
1. ( , , , ).
2. TD, RTS DTR: TD -12 ( -5 ), RTS DTR - . , . :
Ø ;
Ø ( );
Ø .
, . . 2.1 10- -, ; - . , .
, ( ). , , .
BIOS -
POST BIOS ( UART 8250 ) BIOS Data Area 0:0400, 0402, 0404, 0406. 1-COM4. . 0:047, 047D, 047, 047F , - .
2400 /, 7
(even), 1 -. DTR RTS ("" ).
BIOS INT 14h, :
Ø - ( , AL; ). DTR RTS ( ).
Ø Olh - AL ( ). DTR RTS, THR . , - .
Ø 02h - ( ). DTR (RTS ), , AL. , -.
Ø 03h - ( MSR LSR). / -.
INT 14h , (0-3) - DX(0 - 1, 1 - COM2...). 0,1 3 ( LSR), AL - (MSR). 2 7 AL', 7 - , 3.
-
, -, . , , - (. 2.18):
. 2.18.
1. DTR=OA/, RTS=OFF, TXD=Mark - (Idle).
2. (0,2 ) DSR, , . DTR-DSR, . , DTR RTS . , , , .
3. 1200 /, 7 , , 1 -, 0,2 DTR. DTR=1, 0,2 RTS=1.
4. 0,2 . (. ). (. 2.18), (. . 5), .
5. 0,2 (DTR=0 RTS=0), (DTR=1 RTS==1).
6. 0,2 , (. ). , DSR Verify Disconnect ( DSR^O) Connect Idle ( DSR=1).
7. Connect Idle DTR=1, RTS=0, 300 /, 7 , , 1 -. DSR=0, .
- 0,2 , 2,2 , 256 . (28h 08h) (29h 09h), . 16 , . 0,2 ( 4 6) , -, , - , Connect Idle. , .
(Verify Disconnect) DTR=1, RTS=0 5 DSR. DSR=1 Connect Idle (. . 7), DSR^O Disconnect Idle, DSR .
Microsoft - , . , Microsoft Mouse ASCII- "" ( - "").
: LPT-
PC LP'T- (Line PrinTer ).
, /. , 386h, 378h 278h. 8- , 5- 4- .
BIOS LPT- (LPT1-LPT4) INT 17h, Centronics. BIOS , , .
Centronics
Centronics , 36- , . . 1.
Centronics
1.
I/O | |||
Strobe | I | 1 | . |
Data [0:7] | I | 2-9 | . Data 0 ( 2) |
Actt | 0 | 10 | Acknowledge ( ). |
Busy | 0 | 11 | . |
PaperEnd | 0 | 12 | |
Select | 0 | 13 | |
Auto LF# | I | 14 | . |
0 | 32 | : , OFF-Line | |
Imt# | I | 31 | |
Slot In# | I | 36 | ( ). |
GND | - | 19-30 33 | |
* I/O | (/) . |
Centronics , -.
BIOS LPT-
BIOS LPT-, Centronics.
POST BIOS , 378h 278h BIOS DATA AREA 0:0408h, 040Ah, 040, 040. LPT1-LPT4. 0:0478, 0479, 047, 047 , - .
. , , LPT-, BIOS DATA AREA. LPT4 BIOS , .
Initff, 00h, .
BIOS I NT 17h LPT-:
00h AL Centronics. .
01h .
02h .
INT 17h , DX (0 LPT1, 1 LPT2...). SR[7:3] ( 6 3 ) - 0. - .
IEEE 1284 .
:
-0,5... +5,5 .
14 +2,4 (voh) +0,4 (vol) .
ro, , 50()5 voh-vol. . .
() 0,05-0,4 /.
:
-2,0...+7,0.
2,0 (vih) 0,8 (vil) .
0,2-1,2 .
20 .
50 .
IEEE 1284 . (DB-25) (Centronics-36) , 36- .
, , 18 25 , GND.
IEEE 1284 :
() .
62()6 4-16 .
10%.
(), 85% . .
, , I Std 1284-1994 Compliant. 10 .
IEEE 1284 , - Centronics. . , , ( PC), .
, Centronics (Fast Centronics, Parallel Port FIFO Mode), IEE1284, .
:
, .
, ( ). Ptr .
.
ࠠ .
. , BIOS . , BIOS DATA AREA .
BIOS , , , - . (Loop Back) , , ( ) . BIOS . , .
BIOS, , - .
, . (12) (5) , . (. 1),
. 1. LPT- Checkit
LPT- . , (Checkit, PCCheck . .), - .
DOS ( LPTn PRN ), () , ( ) STROBES.
On Line, a (Not Ready Error), Busy.
, ( ) . , ( , Basic, ).
10 OPEN "bincod.chr" FOR OUTPUT AS #1
20 FORJ=2T015
30 FOR 1=0 15
40 PRINT#1, CHR$(16*J+I);
50 NEXT I 60 PRINT#1,
70 NEXTJ
80 CLOSE #1
90 END
BINCOD.CHR, , ( ), 16 . , . .
, , (SPP) , , IEEE 1284. 50-100 /, 1-2 /, , , 2 .
- , 17 DB-25 36 Centronics.
LPT- . , , . - (, NetWare) . , .
, LPT-, 1284 . , 1284. ( , ). , , .
(interface) , ; ,
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