. , , ,

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  1. Internet

  2. Internet



- . , . TCP/IP. , , , . (URL-) (, ) , , , , .



20 , Internet, ARPAnet. ARPAnet , - , , , , , , . Internet. ARPAnet - - ( ). : .

. , .

Internet IP. IP . , IP- , IP ( ..). , . , , "'', , , IP, "'' .

, "'' , , . (Organization for International Standardization ISO) , , . Internet IP- . . , . , , .

10 ARPAnet (LAN), , Ethernet . , . UNIX. Internet (IP). : ARPAnet . , , IP . , , , .

NSFNET, (National Science Foundation NSF). 80- NSF , . , . . : . ARPAnet, , .

NSF , IP ARPAnet. 56 KBPS (7 KB/s). , , , .. , . . . , . , .

, , . , . , , . () , , . 1987 . Merit Network Inc., IBM MCI. ( 20 ) . .

. , . , , Internet - . , , . , .

Internet


3. C Internet


  • . . , Internet. , , , .


  • . , Internet, . -, Internet-, . , , , . , , WEB- .


  • . , Internet. TCP/IP Internet. Internet , .


, Internet . , (, ..). , .

(dial up) , Internet.


: , , .



SLIP/PPP?


Internet, , . . .

SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) PPP (Point to Point Protocol). SLIP/PPP SLIP / PPP .

SLIP/PPP TCP/IP , , , . , TCP/IP. , Internet , . SLIP/PPP, - WWW, .. .


SLIP/PPP Internet, :

  • Internet.


  • TCP/IP.


  • IP-.


SLIP/PPP- ? SLIP/PPP-, , Internet () . , SLIP/PPP- IP- TCP/IP. , .



32- IP- . , . , IP- .

Internet , . , . . , Internet . (name servers) ( , ). , , , .

, . . : BORAX.LCS.MIT.EDU. , (LCS) (MIT). . , , 4 . -, EDU, ( ). MIT. MIT () LCS. , LCS BORAX.


. BORAX.LCS.MIT.EDU, , ( LCS.MIT.EDU, MIT.EDU, and EDU).

, . , , , IP-.

. : , ..

4.


. . internet, , TELNET FTP. : HTTP, NNTP, POP3, SMTP.

TELNET


TELNET . TELNET . - telnet delta delta. TELNET . . .


FTP


FTP (File Transfer Protocol ) TELNET. TCP/IP. TELNET TCP. , . FTP , , , .


SMTP


SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ) ( ) internet. , SMTP .

SMTP , . SMTP . - .


HTTP


HTTP (Hyper text transfer protocol ) WWW (World Wide Web ) WWW. 蠖 , , . .


POP3


POP3 (Post Office Protocol , 3 ), - / . , . - .


NNTP


Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) 젖 , , . , . , .


5. Internet

, ⠖ , . , , , . Internet .


WWW

WWW , , , , , . Internet 1990 . WWW HTTP.

-, Netscape Navigator Internet Explorer.

Web browsers , ; Mosaic, 1993 . (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) . WWW. WWW? , Internet, , , , . (, ), , , ( ) . , WWW ( 10 000), , .

WWW Internet , . (home pages) , . , Windows Macintosh. . : 蠖 , , ... , , ( ), . , , , .


E-MAIL

E-mail . E-mail , E-mail .

(youname@ukrpack.net). , , , . . , , , . , . SMTP, ࠖ POP3.

E-mail , Eudora, Web , Netscape Navigator.


NEWS/USENET

Usenet . (newsgroups), . (articles messages) . .

, . , . (thread) [ ]; , , . , , , , . , Netscape Navigator Netscape News Internet News Microsoft, Internet Explorer.


FTP

FTP . : FTP .

FTP- , . - . : (public domain) , - (shareware) , . (freeware); , - .


FTP- 蠖 WS_FTP, CuteFTP, WWW Netscape Navigator Internet Explorer FTP-.


Telnet

Remote Login  , , .. ( ), , .

, , telnet. telnet , . . TCP- TCP UDP .

telnet Windows TCP/IP.


Proxy-

Proxy () , , . Internet proxy- . , . . , .

proxy- Internet . , , : proxy- proxy- .


6.


TCP/IP?

“TCP/IP” , TCP IP. , . UDP, ARP, ICMP, TELNET, FTP . TCP/IP . IP .

TCP/IP , , . . , ( ) . , . , , , . , , - ( ). , , , -; . IP. , .




, TCP/IP internet, .1 . , , , . Ethernet, . internet.


.1 TCP/IP



, .

, . , , . , , , , TCP/IP.

, , , . , , ; IP, IP-; IP UDP,  UDP-; IP TCP,  TCP- ( ); , , .

, , . .

, , .1. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol ), TCP. , TCP, FTP (File Transfer Protocol ). FTP/TCP/IP/ENET. UDP (User Datagram Protocol ), UDP. , SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol ) UDP. : SNMP/UDP/IP/ENET.

Ethernet- Ethernet, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol ), IP (Internet Protocol ). , Ethernet-, . IP- IP, TCP, UDP, “” IP-. UDP- UDP, “” , . TCP- TCP, , , “” TCP-. , . , , , . TCP UDP, IP ࠖ . internet , Ethernet, IP-.

.1 Ethernet. Ethernet- .. IP-. IP . IP- Internet. IP- Ethernet-.



Internet , . . Internet 400% , 300%. 10000 . Microsoft 20 , 5-10 . , Internet .



:


http://www.ukrpack.net/ support/internet.htm

http://intro.museums.ru/museums/internet/index.htm

http://www.info-art.com/tech/inter/index.htm


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