. , , ,

,,,

.

.

.

2003

.

1) . . =1.25.

xi 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
yi 0.5 2.2 2 1.8 0.5 2.25

2) . . =1.2.

xi 0 0.25 1.25 2.125 3.25
yi 5.0 4.6 5.7 5.017 4.333

3) . .

xi 7 9 13
yi 2 -2 3

.

:

x0 x1 x2 ... Xn-1 xn
y0 y1 y2 ... yn-1 yn

f x,

[x0..xn] xi. f(x), .

F(x), f(x) x0, x1, x2,... xn. , x0,x1,x2,...xn - . n :

Pn(x)=a0xn+a1xn-1+a2xn-2+...+an-1x+an

, n. . .

.

, , .

Ln(x) n, Ln(xi)=yi . :

Ln(x)=l0(x)+ l1(x)+ l2(x)+...+ ln(x), (1)

lk(xi)= yi, i=k, lk(xi)= 0, i≠k;

lk(x) :

lk(x)= (2)

(2) (1) Ln(x) :

f(x), , n+1 , :

0<θ<1 (3)

.

xi+1-xi=h x=0..n-1.

k- :

Δyi=yi+1-yi

Δ2yi= Δyi+1- Δyi=yi+2-2yi+1+yi

Δkyi=yi+k-kyi+1-k+k(k-1)/2!*yi+k-2+...+(-1)kyi

:

Pn(x)=a0+a1(x-x0)+a2(x-x0)(x-x1)+...+an(x-x0)(x-x1)...(x-xn-1)

a0, a1, a2, ...,an:

x=x0, a0=P(x0)=y0;

x1, x2, ...,xn :

a1=Δy0/h

a2=Δ2y0/2!h2

a3=Δ3y0/3!h3

....................

an=Δny0/n!hn

:

Pn(x)=y0+ Δy0/h*(x-x0)+ Δ2y0/2!h2*(x-x0)(x-x1)+...+ Δny0/n!hn*(x-x0)(x-x1)...(x-xn-1) (1)

(1) :

: t=(x-x0)/h, x=x0+th (1) :

Pn(x)=y0+tΔy0+t(t-1)/2! Δ2y0+...+t(t-1)...(t-n+1)/n!Δny0 (2)

(2) .

:

(3)

.

, .

, , . . [xi, xi+1], i=0..n-1 . , , -, .

[xi, xi+1] :

, ai,bi,ci,di .

Si(xi)=yi :

, ..:

,i=0..n-1; (1)

:

,i=0..n-2; (2)

,i=0..n-2; (3)

(1) n 3n

,i=0..n-1; (1*)

(2) (3) 2(n-1) :

,i=0..n-1; (2*)

,i=1..n-1; (3*)

. , 0 n . 3*n 3*n . , [xi, xi+1] Si.

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

type tip=array of real;

var x,y:tip;

i,j,n:byte;

p,s,xx:real;

begin

n:=edt.Count;

setlength(x,n);

setlength(y,n);

for i:=0 to n-1 do x[i]:=edt.massiv[i];edt.Lines.Delete(0);

for i:=0 to n-1 do y[i]:=edt.massiv[i];edt.Lines.Delete(0);

xx:=strtofloat(edt.Text);

edt.Lines.Delete(0);

s:=0;

for i:=0 to n-1 do

begin

p:=1;

for j:=0 to n-1 do if i<>j then p:=p*(xx-x[j])/(x[i]-x[j]);

p:=p*y[i];

s:=s+p;

end;

edt.writer('',1);

edt.writer('',s,1);

end;

( , ).

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

var b,c,d,x,y:array of real;

urm:array of array of real;

i,j,k,n :byte;

begin

n:=edt.Count;

setlength(x,n);setlength(y,n);

for i:=0 to n-1 do x[i]:=edt.massiv[i];edt.Lines.Delete(0);

for i:=0 to n-1 do y[i]:=edt.massiv[i];edt.Lines.Delete(0);

setlength(b,n-1);setlength(c,n-1);setlength(d,n-1);

setlength(urm,3*(n-1),3*(n-1)+1);

for i:=0 to 3*(n-1)-1 do

for j:=0 to 3*(n-1) do urm[i,j]:=0;

for i:=0 to n-1 do edt.writer(' ',y[i],0);

for i:=0 to n-2 do

begin

urm[i,3*i+0]:=x[i+1]-x[i];

urm[i,3*i+1]:=(x[i+1]-x[i])*(x[i+1]-x[i]);

urm[i,3*i+2]:=(x[i+1]-x[i])*(x[i+1]-x[i])*(x[i+1]-x[i]);

urm[i,3*(n-1)]:=y[i+1]-y[i];

end;

for i:=0 to n-3 do

begin

urm[i+n-1,3*i+0]:=1;

urm[i+n-1,3*i+1]:=2*(x[i+1]-x[i]);

urm[i+n-1,3*i+2]:=3*(x[i+1]-x[i])*(x[i+1]-x[i]);

urm[i+n-1,3*i+3]:=-1;

end;

for i:=0 to n-3 do

begin

urm[i+2*n-3,3*i+1]:=1;

urm[i+2*n-3,3*i+2]:=3*(x[i+1]-x[i]);

urm[i+2*n-3,3*i+4]:=-1;

end;

urm[3*n-5,0]:=1; urm[3*n-5,3*(n-1)]:=0;

urm[3*n-4,3*(n-1)-3]:=1;urm[i+2*n-3,3*(n-1)-2]:=2*(y[n-1]-y[n-2])]

urm[3*n-4,3*(n-1)-1]:=3*(y[n-1]-y[n-2]) *(y[n-1]-y[n-2]);

urm[i+2*n-3,3*(n-1)]:=0

for i:=0 to 3*(n-1)-1 do

begin

edt.writer('',1);

for j:=0 to 3*(n-1) do edt.writer(' ',urm[i,j],0);

end;

end;

. .

xi 7 9 13
yi 2 -2 3

.

[xi, xi+1], i=0..2 :

, ai,bi,ci,di .

Si(xi)=yi :

, , :

.

[b1,c1,d1,b2,c2,d2]:

b1,c1,d1, [7..9]:

:

b2,c2,d2, [9..13]:

:

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

type tip=array of real;

var x,y:tip;

i,j,n:byte;

p,s,xx,t,h:real;

kp:array of array of real;

begin

n:=edt.Count;

setlength(x,n);

setlength(y,n);

for i:=0 to n-1 do x[i]:=edt.massiv[i];edt.Lines.Delete(0);

for i:=0 to n-1 do y[i]:=edt.massiv[i];edt.Lines.Delete(0);

xx:=strtofloat(edt.Text);

edt.Lines.Delete(0);

setlength(kp,n,n);

for i:=0 to n-1 do for j:=0 to n-1 do kp[i,j]:=0;

for i:=0 to n-1 do kp[0,i]:=y[i];

for i:= 1 to n-1 do

for j:=0 to n-i-1 do

kp[i,j]:=kp[i-1,j+1]-kp[i-1,j];

for i:= 0 to n-1 do

begin

for j:=0 to n-1 do edt.writer(' ',kp[i,j],0);

edt.writer('',1);

end;

edt.writer('',1);

h:=0.5;

t:=(xx-x[0])/h;

s:=y[0];

for i:=1 to n-1 do

begin

p:=1;

for j:=0 to i-1 do p:=p*(t-j)/(j+1);

s:=s+p*kp[i,0];

end;

edt.writer('',s,1);;

end;

. . =1.25.

xi 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
yi 0.5 2.2 2 1.8 0.5 2.25

.

:

:

Pn(x)=y0+tΔy0+t(t-1)/2! Δ2y0+...+t(t-1)...(t-n+1)/n!Δny0

, :

P5(x)=2.2x5-24x4+101.783x3-20.2x2+211.417x-80.7

x=1.25; P(1.25)=2.0488;

:

. . =1.2.

xi 0 0.25 1.25 2.125 3.25
yi 5.0 4.6 5.7 5.017 4.333

.

L4(x), :

=1.2:

L4(1.2)=5.657;

. :

:



. . . 2003

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :