,,,
1. ,
2.
2.1
̠
2.2
2.3
2.3.1 -
2.3.2
3.
, , . , 200 300 . ( ).
1. , .
investire - . . , . . (, , ) , . , , , , .
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2.2. .
XIX , . 1886 1914 2,3 , 33 1996 . , . , , , -. . , , , . . , . :
(1) ;
(2) .
. () , , , 1980- . :
2.1
|
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- |
|
1949 |
|
AG |
|
1954 |
|
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1973 |
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1973 |
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-- |
1975 |
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|
1978 |
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- |
1985 |
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1986 |
, , . 1990 175 :
68 , 50 , 38 , 21 .
. , . , , 30- 116- , , 1983 . ( 60%) - . : , Suomen Petrooli ( ), Teboil ( ) Konela ( ). : Amtorg Trading Corp. -, Morflot America Shipping Inc. , Marine Resources Co. , Sovfracht Ltd - Belarus Machinery Inc. .
, , , , . , , , .
. . , , , .
500. , . 40% , 60% , 50% . , , .
2. .
1990- . (UNCTAD) 1994 7 , 25 . 2001 150 . , . 147 , .. 2,5 , , 20 . , .. , 10 .
. 1989-2000 70 , , 170 500 . , , , . 1000 , 2000 .
2.1
[3]
, , , . , 2003 . 6 . . 2002 126 . , , 52, 74 . . , . . , , , , , , . 2002 , , 1, 6 . , 100 . , 2, 6 . .
, , . 2003 Moodys Investors Servic , . . . 2003 29, 699 .. 50, 1% , 2002 .
, . , 2001 20 .. , 60% .
2.2
, 2000 ( )
, |
|
|
|
(%) |
|||
|
19.8 |
150.3 |
13 |
() |
12.5 |
41.9 |
30 |
() |
7.3 |
108.4 |
7 |
( ) |
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11.6 |
19.2 |
60 |
|
2.0 |
19.9 |
10 |
|
1.5 |
36.5 |
4 |
|
1.1 |
4.9 |
22 |
|
0.8 |
21.1 |
4 |
|
0.7 |
2.9 |
24 |
|
0.7 |
4.5 |
16 |
|
0.4 |
2.8 |
14 |
|
0.3 |
4.9 |
6 |
, () () (). . , 2002 . - 2002 $ 8, 46 . 10 , . 2002 , 19,780 ..
2003 23, 264 ., 17% , 2002 . 5, 206 ., .. , . 2, 760 . , 71 ., 2, 375 .. :
, 2003 5, 943 ., 3, 602 ., 1, 223 ., 952 ., 243 ., 92 ., 63 .
2.3.1
2002-2003 . , , , -.
, 1 2002 , 66 , , , 1, 259 . , 57- . 965 . , 271 . , 24 . .
1 2003 , 1,4 , 1, 710 . , 1,5 (1, 437 . ), 1,8 (44 . ), , , 16% 228 . .
1, 058 . , 652 . .
2.1
, - , . 1, 516 . . 12 ( 106 . ) , . 1,5 50 . .
2.3
1 2003
( )
|
K |
|
: 1.01.2002 |
||
|
0 |
91 |
92 |
89 |
93 |
40 |
6 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
|
|
0 |
2 |
6 |
3 |
6 |
|
45 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
14 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
: |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
78% , 21% , 1% . (273 . ) (922 . ). , , 42 . 212 . 1 2002 .
53 62% (884 . ); , (40%, 18 . ). 1,8 . (481 . ), (321 . ) (66 . ).
63 28 . ( 13 . , 10 . ).
, (92%) . , ( 6%). (234 . ) (121 . ).
2.4
( 1 2003 )
(. )
() |
|
|
: |
||
- |
|
() |
() 1.01.2002 |
||
44 |
1 437 |
228 |
1 710 |
1 259 |
|
: |
|||||
, |
44 |
1 427 |
225 |
1 696 |
1 246 |
: |
|||||
21 |
329 |
9 |
359 |
376 |
|
20 |
214 |
0 |
234 |
223 |
|
0 |
113 |
8 |
121 |
139 |
|
0 |
3 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
11 |
|
18 |
884 |
20 |
922 |
522 |
0 |
481 |
0 |
481 |
421 |
|
5 |
315 |
0 |
321 |
13 |
|
0 |
46 |
20 |
66 |
46 |
|
10 |
15 |
0 |
25 |
0 |
|
|
2 |
27 |
0 |
29 |
42 |
|
5 |
214 |
196 |
414 |
348 |
0 |
94 |
179 |
273 |
29 |
|
0 |
36 |
5 |
42 |
212 |
|
2 |
17 |
0 |
19 |
15 |
|
0 |
15 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
|
0 |
12 |
0 |
12 |
7 |
|
- |
0 |
17 |
11 |
28 |
63 |
|
3 |
23 |
1 |
27 |
22 |
|
0 |
10 |
3 |
13 |
13 |
2.3.2 -
. , , , .
. , , . , - , . , , , , .. , , . , , , .
. :
1) UNCTAD 1,3 . 3- 10- . . :
(1) (3,2 .);
(2) (1,69 .);
(3) (1,55 .);
(4) (1,3 . );
(5) ) (1,25 . ).
: , . . 48% . , . . 1999 170 . , 1999 63 . 0,13% .
2) 500 . . , ˻, , , . -- , , .
. 1 2003 7- 354, 9 .. 2003 ѻ 5- 100 .. , 2003 , 4- .
3) 450 .. 100 .. :
(1) (: ; : 62 .; : );
(2) (; 19 .; );
(3) (; 15 .; ).
90% .
. ˻. 25 . , , . ѻ . 30 ., 34% Lietuvos dujos( ). , 20 . 300 ..
, . , .
, 2003.
2.5
,
|
|||
|
49% , - $ 700 . |
||
|
Andrew Telecom |
100 % |
|
ѻ |
/ / |
, - $ 1. , 29 , , 3% - . |
|
˻ |
Getty |
|
|
-- |
3 |
60% + 1 |
|
|
50% + 1 |
||
- - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
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|
|
|
|
49% , . ǻ, , 26, 4% |
||
˻ |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
- - , 85% |
|
- |
- Fairchild Dornier |
FD |
|
|
35 % , $ 40 . |
||
|
|||
|
25 , - $ 50 . |
||
ѻ |
MOL |
|
|
ܻ |
|
FJOC |
|
˻ |
, , |
||
ѻ |
, |
|
|
ѻ |
Mazeikiu Nafta |
53, 7% |
|
Transpetrol |
49% |
2.3.3
.
, . UNCTAD 2003 , , ˻, , . ˻ , 2001 $ 5 . , $ 1 .
25 ( 2001.)
($ .) |
($ .) |
- () |
||||||
. |
|
|
||||||
1. . |
|
5830, 0 |
15859, 0 |
8771, 0 |
14892, 0 |
13000 |
140000 |
|
2. |
998, 9 |
1133, 6 |
302, 3 |
392, 1 |
85 |
6976 |
||
3. |
459, 0 |
491, 2 |
191, 0 |
172, 9 |
1313 |
1762 |
||
4.Pliva Group |
281, 1 |
967, 6 |
477, 3 |
632, 2 |
2900 |
7208 |
||
5.Hrvatska Elektroprivreda |
272, 0 |
2357, 0 |
8, 0 |
775, 0 |
15071 |
|||
6. |
267, 3 |
437, 9 |
114, 9 |
145, 7 |
1305 |
2629 |
||
7.Gorenje Group |
. |
231, 5 |
486, 1 |
475, 4 |
661, 3 |
670 |
8186 |
|
8.Krka |
190, 8 |
476, 6 |
235, 4 |
296, 0 |
595 |
3520 |
||
9. |
123, 0 |
377, 0 |
101, 0 |
318, 0 |
233 |
5608 |
||
10. Merkator d.d |
. |
112, 7 |
868, 5 |
53, 0 |
1171, 5 |
1279 |
13692 |
|
11. .MOL Hungarian Oil & Gas |
|
95, 6 |
3243, 2 |
819, 2 |
3850, 0 |
776 |
15218 |
|
12.Podravka Group |
. . |
69, 3 |
357, 2 |
134, 3 |
303, 5 |
790 |
6885 |
|
13.Petrol |
|
66, 9 |
478, 4 |
80, 0 |
1122, 8 |
24 |
1572 |
|
14.Zalakeramia |
65, 0 |
120, 0 |
39, 0 |
64, 0 |
1889 |
2921 |
||
15.Rihter Gedeon |
55., 9 |
496, 5 |
43, 5 |
309, 6 |
884 |
5007 |
||
16. Malev Hungarian Airlines |
|
41, 4 |
187, 0 |
299, 0 |
383, 4 |
49 |
2952 |
|
17.Intereuropa |
34, 0 |
200, 0 |
25, 0 |
163, 0 |
662 |
2230 |
||
18.Lek d.d |
28, 1 |
332, 4 |
219, 7 |
281, 2 |
252 |
2663 |
||
19.Petrom National Oil Co. |
|
28, 0 |
3151, 0 |
303, 0 |
2423, 0 |
149 |
77630 |
|
20.Horvatia Airways |
26., 3 |
328, 4 |
90, 4 |
141, 8 |
63 |
977 |
||
21.Merkur d.d. |
26, 1 |
397, 4 |
44, 8 |
436, 7 |
89 |
2824 |
||
22.KGHM Poska Miedz |
23, 8 |
372, 6 |
50, 4 |
610, 0 |
1076 |
1189 |
||
23.BLRT group AS |
22, 6 |
83, 7 |
31, 5 |
83, 8 |
1521 |
3415 |
||
24. Iscrameko |
.- |
19, 0 |
86, 5 |
32, 8 |
115, 0 |
267 |
2114 |
|
9.TVK Ltd. |
16, 6 |
462, 5 |
245, 6 |
489, 9 |
182 |
2987 |
˻. ˻ , . ˻ , upstream . 2003 2, 53 . 3% . 2001-2003 18%, 2003 23%.
, ExxonMobil Shell, "" 4- . (-, -222 , --), (, ), (, - , ) . - "LUKARCO B.V". ( "") 12,5% (), () .
"" Petrotel ( 4,7 ), (3,8 .), "" ( 10,5 ), "" (). , , , , , , . "" . 2000 "" "Getty Petroleum Marketing" (GPM). "Getty" 1291 13 - , 4% . 2004 ˻ 795 . 265 . 750 . , - . 1, 2 . , - . "" , , . , 75% - , . 2003 "" , 200 . 2002 "" , 25% .
˻ , 79, 5% Beopetrol. , 120 8% , 70 % . 2001 Bitech Petroleum, , , . ˻ , . WEEM. , , - 170 . 200 . . , 2007 . , 25- ( Norsk Hydro). Ecopetrol . -- 176 .
- . 77 , 1 .. . Intrigue Shipping. , 100% , , , . NOVOSHIP (UK) Ltd, .
. 6 , 252 . . . 4- .
45 , 30 . " " - , "-1" 2005 . "-1" - , . 70 . , , .
100 , , . 2001 "" -, - 9 , , . , , , .
, , , .
, . 20 2.7. . Wintershall Wingas Norsk Hydro, , HydroWingas Limited . , . Wingas 14-15% , Ruhrgas. 2003 Wingas 25% HubCo, - , . "" 10- Interconnector, . "" 1 . . 2003 $ 100-110 1000 .. , 2007-2008 20%. , , , , .
2.7, , 175 25 . , , , , 60% . 15 .
2.7
|
(%) |
|
|
GHW |
50 |
|
|
35 |
|
||
51 |
|
||
50 |
|
||
Eesti Gaas |
31 |
|
|
Gasum Oy |
25 |
|
|
North Transgas Oy |
50 |
|
|
FRAgaz |
50 |
|
|
Ditgaz |
49 |
|
|
Verbundnetz Gas |
5 |
|
|
Wingas |
35 |
|
|
Wintershall Erdgas Handelshaus |
50 |
2012. , () |
|
Zarubezhgas Erdgashandel |
100 |
|
|
Prometheus Gaz |
50 |
|
|
Borsodchem |
25 |
||
DKG-EAST Co.Inc. |
38 |
|
|
General Banking and Trust Co.Ltd. |
26 |
|
|
Panrusgas |
40 |
|
|
TVK |
14 |
||
Promgaz |
50 |
|
|
Volta |
49 |
|
|
Latvijas Gaze |
16 |
|
|
Stella-Vitae |
30 |
|
|
50 |
|
||
Peter-gaz |
51 |
|
|
Europol Gaz |
48 |
|
|
Gas Trading |
35 |
|
|
WIROM |
25 |
( Wintershall Erdgas Handelshaus) |
|
50 |
|
||
8 |
|
||
Gamma Gazprom |
45 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
40 |
||
Interconnector |
10 |
() () |
|
50 |
|
||
Progress Gas Traiding |
50 |
|
ѻ "" . 2001
. 2001 ѻ
- Kvaerner
,
. , ѻ
Kvaerner Process
Technology
, , .
Kvaerner
.
Jadranski
Naftovod. 2002 ѻ
Mazeikiu
Nafta,
, .
Mazeikiu Nafta 53, 7%. 2002
ѻ 49%
Transpetrol
.
30 .
1, 7 . .
2002 ѻ
FT 500 -
, Financial Times.
2003 Moody's Investors
Service
- Ba2
( ). 2003 ѻ
FT 500
Financial Times ,
. 2003 Global
500 Fortune
ѻ
.
2003 13,5 .
(98 . ), 71,1% 2002
- -
ѻ Mazeikiu Nafta 4,5 . (34,6 .
). 2003
, Mazeikiu
Nafta, 36,2 . (265 . ), 37,8%
2002 .
2003 8,8 .
(62 . ), 14,7%
2002 .
, 2000 40 .
500 .
,
, 80%
2003 .
() . 2000 - . ʠ . Petrol () , , .
, . ¼ , . First International Oil Corporation ( ) Itera ( ). - . 2001 Ecopetrol . Sonatrach . , , . , , .
2001 . , . , . , , .
, , . , . 56% , . . Tupras. 90% . 2002 23, 3 . 11 .. Tupras 27 . , . 65, 76 % . , .
, , . 30% .
2.8 .
2.8
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|
, , . - . 2000 1,6 . . 1992 . , , . Catoca, 35%. 2000 150 . 2002 , . , , .
, , . 2000 Sogem Norgem . Norgem , 51% . 2003 341 . Stillwater Mining . 300 , 1983 . Argosy Minerals .
, 60% . , . 285 . Rouge Industries . , Stillwater Mining, . , , , , , .
() 2000 . 70% . , 50% . 30%, 20% . . . 25 -. "Cemitrade S.A". (Oradia) . 74% "". 2002 "" "Aldoga Aluminium" , 500 . .
2001 , "Alcoa", "Alcan" "Pechiney".
75% () , , , - . . .
2.9 .
2.9
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3.
, . , . , , . , , British Petroleum , , , , , .
, , . , , . : . 3.1 . . , .
. , . , .
, . , .
. ,
1. , ࠠ 2.
Copyright (c) 2025 Stud-Baza.ru , , , .