,,,
. . 40 % . , , .
. , , , , . , 10000 . , , , , .
- , . .
, .
-, , . . , , - . .
76% , - .
1.
1.1
-
.
- , Δ 1 1992 . 721. 285 31 1996 . -.
96 1 : , ; , , .
: , . , . ,1
: , . , . , 214
.
: , .
75595 . . ( ). 72217 , 1000 3378 1000 .
. .
, .2. .61 , .
.
. : ; ; ; , , .
:
1. , . ,
2. : , , , - .
3. , .
, .
''-'' -, . - "" . "" (""), . - , , : . , : , - ; , ; - ( , ); .
, .
1.2 ,
''-'' , : , , ,
(), , , - (), , , , - (), '''', . . ''-'' , , , , .
.1.1
1.1 , . .
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2003 . % 2002 . | |
253781 | 276540 | 345186 | 125 | |
239451 | 257893 | 321622 | 125 | |
14330 | 18647 | 23564 | 126 | |
189236 | 194507 | 201853 | 104 | |
, : | 107151 | 115560 | 140531 | 122 |
- | 40336 | 41470 | 42200 | 102 |
- | 62004 | 64089 | 71022 | 111 |
171830 | 172623 | 191013 | 111 | |
67621 | 68100 | 69450 | 102 | |
, | 1722 | 1756 | 1822 | 104 |
, : | 228117 | 434561 | 452420 | 104 |
- | 103214 | 316065 | 318044 | 101 |
- | 85612 | 86011 | 94256 | 106 |
- | 26894 | 32485 | 40120 | 124 |
, % | 5,98 | 8,25 | 10,3 | 125 |
, 25 %, 25 %. , 26%, 25%. , . .
.
: , , , , .
, , (70%) (21%).
.
, , , , . . , , . .
. .
. 1.2
1.2. , . .
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2002 . % 2003 . | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
35071 | 45600 | 50230 | 110,2 | |
20,37 | 22,13 | 24,60 | 111,2 | |
, : | 132,47 | 172,13 | 196,23 | 114 |
- | 59,94 | 60,44 | 62,20 | 103 |
- | 49,72 | 51,44 | 53,86 | 104,7 |
- | 15,61 | 16,85 | 17,86 | 106 |
. 1.2 , 2003 14 %, 10,2%. .
1.3
''-'' , -, - . . . +1,20. - , . 480. 420 250 . -
, +100. 8, 15 .
. , , . .
- . , , +25,300, . . , , +10,150.
, .
- - , . . , , , . .
1.4
, . 1.3.
1.3. .
/ |
, . |
( ), . |
||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
1 |
2717 3303 2705 33021 3307 130 131 - 4502 5511 5320 53212 55102 5410 4310 5433 |
1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 9 7 1 1 2 1 1 |
59664 14460 72276 40411 35914 182331 21138 26620 202257 415800 938498 23078 79420 18942 57002 |
|
33 | 2190811 | |||
2 |
21111 21102 3102 31514-10 315195 21074 |
1 1 1 1 1 1 |
70400 45100 63800 12980 69740 64240 |
|
5 | 326260 | |||
3 |
54329 4310 |
1 3 |
78991 104940 |
|
4 | 183931 | |||
4 |
3271 397630 131 4310 |
1 1 1 4 |
33880 30800 38962 132836 |
|
7 | 236478 | |||
5 | 4310 | 11 | 345576 | |
11 | 345576 | |||
6 |
503 . 131 131 . |
2 1 2 |
. |
44088 16940 19250 |
5 | 80278 | |||
7 | 53213 | 2 | 12210 | |
2 | 12210 | |||
8 | 130 | 1 | 4752 | |
1 | 4752 | |||
9 |
9679 9370 8332-10 8355 938530 933013 8350 191 802 |
1 3 2 1 1 1 3 2 11 |
12320 119130 24200 59400 34980 78991 178200 69960 345576 |
|
25 | 345576 |
1.4.
1.4.
/ |
. -- |
2003 % 2002 |
||||
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |
1
.
|
.. .. . - .
. |
1469,0 79,29 986 163,4 0,57 17641,2 10,6 1294,0 0,90 60 13766 21900 |
1189,5 140,33 1277 172, 0,58 21338,2 11,0 1037,0 0,91 57 13270 20805 |
1524,3 177,64 1302 165,5 0,59 22548,5 10,8 1167,0 0,91 61 14144 22265 |
128,1 126,6 101,9 96,2 101,7 105,6 98,2 112,5 100 107 106 107 |
: 1 26,6%, 5,6%. , 1,7%.
1.5
: . , , . , (). , .
: . , . , , . . , .
, ''-'' , . . .
, .
2. ''-''
2.1
- , : .
, - . . , , , , .
, . , , .
.
( ), , , .
.
- () , .
2.2
01 2004.
3307 -1
130 -3
131 -1
- 4502 -2
5511 -9
5320 -7
53212 -1
55102 -1
5410 -2
- 4310 -1
- 5433 -1
- 31514-10 -1
315195 -1
- 21074 -1
: 54329 -1
4310 -3
: 3271 -1
397630 -1
131 -1
4310 -4
: 4310 -11
./ 503 -2
131 -1
131 . 2
: 53213 -2
: 130 -1
: 9679 -1
9370 -3
8332-10 -2
8355 -1
938530 -1
933013 -1
8350 -1
191 -2
802 -11
:
Lc.c.= lc /d.., (2.1)
- lc , ;
- d. , d. = 305
3102
Lc.c.=63800/305 =209,1
. 2.4 :
- , ;
- : , , , ;
- .
3 .
2.2.1
[2].
:
L1=L1* K1*K3, (2.2)
L2=L2*K1*K3, (2.3)
L2 L1 - , 1 , ;
K1 - ; K1 = 0,8 [1]
K3 - , K3=0,9 [1]
L1= 4000*0,8*0,9 = 2880,
L2= 16000*0,8*0,9 = 11520,
. 2.1
2.2.2
[2]:
L = L*K1*K2*K3, (2.4)
L - 1 , ;
K1 - , K1 = 0,8 [1]
K2 [1] K2 = 1,0
K3 - , K3 = 0,9 [1]
3102
L= 300000*0,8*1,0*0,9 = 216,. .
. 2.1.
[2]
L.. =(L* A +0,8 L*A')/ (A+A'), (2.5)
A A' - , , ;
L , ;
0,8 L [1]
L. = (216*0+0,8*216*1)/1 = 172,8 ..
. 2.1
2.2.3
[2]:
t = t * K2*K5, (2.6)
t1 = t1*K2*K5, (2.7)
t2 = t2 *K2*K5, (2.8)
t, t1, t2 t, t1, t2
, -1,-2 , -1, -2, . [1];
K2 , [1];
K5 - , , K5 =1,3 [1]
- 2717
t = 0,3*1,0*1,3 = 0,39 .
t1 = 2,3*1,0*1,3 = 2,99 .
t2 = 9,2*1,0*1,3 = 11,96 .
. 2.2.
() 1000 . [2]
t = t*K1*K2*K3*K4*K5, (2.9)
t 1000 . 1 , .;
K1 , , K1 = 1,2 [1];
K2 - , [1];
K3 - , - ,
K3 = 1,0 [1]
K4 - , ();
K5 - , , K5 = 1,3 [1];
K4 :
n n
K4= Σ Ai *K4i / Σ Ai (2.10)
i=1 i=1
Ai , KP i- ;
K4i , i- ;
i
K4= 1*1,5/1 = 1,5
t= 1,2*1,0*1,0*1,5*1,3 = 2,34
. 2.2
2.2.4 ,
[2]:
λ = 1 / (1+l ((D /1000)+(D /l))), (2.11)
l , .;
l , ;
D , D = 0,4 /1000.
D , D=18
λ = 1/(1+132,5((0,4/1000)+(18/172800))) = 0,937
. 2.4.
[2];
λ =λ *K *D /D, (2.12)
λ ;
K , , , K = 0,95 [1];
D , D = 305
D , D = 365
λ = (0,937*0,95*305)/365 = 0,718
. 2.4.
:
L = lcc*D*λ, (2.13)
lcc , .;
D - ,
λ ,
L = 209,1*365*0,718 = 54798,84 ;
. 2.4.
2.2.5
(N), -1, -2, (N1, N2, N) [2]:
N = (L *A)/L, (2.14)
N2 = ((L *A)/L2) - N (2.15)
N1 = ((L *A)/L1) - N -N2 (2.16)
N = ((L *A)/lcc) (2.17)
L , .;
L, lcc , .;
L1, L2 -1 -2, .;
A ;
N = (54798,8 *1)/172800 = 0,3
N2 = (54798,8 *1)/11520 = 4,5
N1 = (54798,8 *1)/2880 = 14,2
N = (54798,8 *1)/209,1 = 262
. 2.3.
- () 110 [1],
N =1,1*N, (2,18)
N - ;
N .
N = 1,1*262 = 288
. 2.3.
( ) - , - , .
2.2.6
-2,-1 (N2, N1, N) [2]:
N2 = N2 /D, (2,19)
N1 = N1 /D, (2,20)
N = N /D, (2,21)
N2, N1, N -1, -2, ;
D , D = 305 .
N2 = 4,5/305 = 0,015
N1 = 14,2/305 = 0,046
N = 262/305 = 0,94
. 2.3.
2.2.7
-2, -1 :
T2 = N2 *t2, (2.22)
T1 = N1 *t1, (2.23)
T =0,6*N*t (2.24)
N2, N1,T -1, -2, ;
t2, t1,t - -2, -1, , ..;
0,6 , - [1].
T2 = 4,5*13,65 = 61,4 .
T1 = 14,2*3,25 = 46,2 .
. 2.5.
, (-1 5-7 .., -2 20-30 ..). , , , 15-20 [1].
-1 -2 () [2]:
T1() = T1 (1 + C), (2.25)
T2() = T2 (1 + C), (2.26)
T1, T2 -1 -2 , ..;
C , C = 0,2
T1() = 46,2*(1+0,2) = 55,4 .
T2() = 61,4*(1+0,2) = 73,7 .
. 2.5.
, -1 -2 [2]:
T′ =(L *A *t / 1000) (T1 +T2) C, (2.27)
T1, T2 -1 -2
, ..;
C , C = 0,2
L , .;
A , .;
t , ./1000.
T′ = ((54798,8*1*2,18)/1000)-(46,2+61,4)*0,2 = 98 .
. 2.5.
2.2.8
, , , -1 -2.
-1 -1 , , , .
-2 , . -2 -2, .
:
- -1 -1 -2, 10% -1;
- -2 - -2, 20% -2 .
200 -1 -2 ; , .
, , : -1 -2, .
(TD-1) (TD-2) :
TD-1 = t1* K1(1,1 * N1 * N2), (2.28)
TD-2 = 1,2 * N2 *t2 * K2, (2.29)
N1, N2 -1 -2 ;
t1, t2 -1 -2, ..
K1, K2 -1 -2, K1= K2 = 0,12 [1]:
TD-1 = 3,25*0,12*(1,1*14,2+4,5) = 7,85 .
TD-2 = 1,2*4,5*13,65*0,12 = 8,85 .
. 2.5.
, :
TD= TD-1 +TD-2, (2.30)
TD-2 TD-1 D-1, D-2, ..;
TD = 7,85+8,85 = 16,7 ..
. 2.5.
2.2.9
-1, -2 (T1(D-1), T2(D-2), T(D)) [2]:
T1(D-1) =T1(TP) (1- CD), (2.31)
T2(D-2) =T2(TP) (1- CD), (2.32)
T(D) =T′(TP) (1- CD), (2.33)
T1(TP), T2(TP) -1 -2
, ..
T′(TP) - , -1 -2, .;
CD -1, -2 . CD = 0,15 [1].
T1(D-1) = 55,4*(1-0,15) = 47,1 .
T2(D-2) = 73,7*(1-0,15) = 62,6 .
T(D) = 98*(1-0,15) = 83,3 .
. 2.5.
, 20-30% . : ; - , ; , , - . -2 , 20% -2[1].
, -1, -2 , (T′, T′1(D-1), T′2(D-2), T′TP(D), T′(D)) [2]:
T′, T′1(D-1), T′2(D-2), T′TP(D), T′(D) - , -1,-2, , ..;
1,25 , .
T′ = 1,25*79,5 = 99,4 .;
T′1(D-1) = 1,25*47,1 = 59 .;
T′2(D-2) = 1,25*62,6 =78,3 .;
T′TP(D) = 1,25*83,3 = 104,1 ..;
T′ (D) = 1,25*16,7 = 20,9 ..;
-2 [2]:
T′′2(D-2) =T′2(D-2)*1,2, (2.39)
T′2(D-2) - -2, .;
1,2 , [1]:
T′′2(D-2) = 62,6*1,2 = 94 .;
2.2.10
-1 -2:
- :
TTOi = Ti′′(D-I) * 0,8, (2.40)
- :
Taki=0,01 T′′(D-I), (2.41)
- :
Ti = 0,02 Ti′′(D-I), (2.42)
- , , :
TTci = 0,05 Ti′′(D-I), (2.43)
- :
Ti=0,12 Ti′′(D-I), (2.44)
Ti′′(D-I) i-
, .;
0,8 ,[1];
0,01; 0,02; 0,05; 0,12 [1].
TTO-1 = 0,8*94 = 75,2 .
TTO-2 = 0,8*70,8 = 56,64 .
Tak-1 = 0,01*94 = 0,94 .
Tak-2 = 0,01*70,8 = 0,708 .
T-1 = 0,02*94 = 1,88 .
T-2 = 0,02*70,8 = 1,42 .
TTc-1 = 0,05*94 = 4,7 .
TTc-2 = 0,05*70,8 = 3,54 .
T-1=0,12*94 = 11,28 .
T-2=0,12*70,8 = 8,5 .
2.3
:
=*(D D D), (2.45)
,
=8 ;
D , 365 ;
D , 104 ;
D , 10 .
= 8*(365-104-10) = 2008 .
[2]:
=(D -D - D D)* *, (2.46)
D ;
D ;
D ;
D , D = 24 ;
, .;
, , 0,95[1].
= (365-104-10-24)*8*0,95 = 1725 .
[2]:
= i / , (2.47)
= i / , (2.48)
i , ,D, , .,
, .
- , .
= 4425,7/2008 = 2,2 2
= 4425,7/1725 = 2,6 3
-2
= 3815,2/2008 = 1,9 2
= 3815,2/1725 = 2,2 3
2.4
-1 -2 [2]:
1=1 / ( * *ηn), (2.49)
2=2 / ( * *ηn), (2.50)
1, 2 -1 -2, .;
, = 2;
, = 2;
ηn , , 0,95 [1]
1= 2/(2*2*0,95) = 0,53
2= 2/(2*2*0,95) = 0,53
-1 -2 .
2.5
[2]:
=(n* φ)/(** *ηn), (2.51)
n , ..
φ , , φ=1,2[1];
, .;
= 5;
;
ηn - , , ηn= 0,9
=(16348*1,2)/(2008*5*2*0,9) = 1,09
1.
-1 -2, .
2.6 ,
-1 -2 [2]:
- 1518 -1 78- -2;
- , -1 , -2;
, -1 -2 . -1 -2 .
, , , . , .
, -, , 4050% . , , .
2.7
: , , , , (, , ), , .
.2.6 [16].
2.8 -1 -2
:
- ( , , ;
- ( ) , ( ) , .
- ( ) .
-1 -2 [16]:
F3=K*(Fa*+ ∑F), (2.52)
Fa - , , 2;
∑F , , , 2;
;
K , , = 5
F3= 5*(18,5*2=15) = 260 2
360 ², .
3.
3.1
, , .
, , . .
, , . .
.
, , , , .
, , , , .
, ''-'' , , , , .
.3.1 ; .3.2-, ; .3.3- .
, 9, 4. 4 3. 3 , 1. 2, . 3 . 14 . 1 1200 , , . , .
:
, . , , . .
, 1 () 10 . 3. 13 . 12 14, . 10 1-2, 3, , .
, . 13 . , , , .3.3. , .
3.2
, . . . 3.4.
[23]:
d = 3√ /0,1[σ], (3.1)
, *;
[ σ ] , / 2; [ σ ] = σ/n, n = 1,53 = [ σ ] = 360/2,4 = 150 *2
. 5320 , . 5320, , 26 H, 8000 . , :
= * l/2, (3.2)
= 26000 ;
l ,
= 26000 * (1,10/2) = 14300 *
45 120150 /2 [23].
(3.1) :
d=3√ 14300 / (0,1*150 *106) = 0,0984
d = 100 .
3.3
, .
[23]:
[ ]=(1040)*105 /2
[23]:
P = p /d*l ≤[ P], (3.3)
d,l - , ;
, , .
,
= 13000*2 / 2=13000
(3.3), :
l ≥ p/d*[P], (3.4)
, :
l ≥ 13000 / (0,1 * 40 * 105) = 0,0325
l = 35.
3.4
λ . . 3.5.
λ = 200 [23]
M =Fw * d/2, (3.5)
Fw , , ;
d , .
M = 26000 * 0,05 = 1300 *
() :
Z = 3600/200=18
[23]:
m =1,75 3√M/Z*ψ [σ], (3.7)
ψ - ; ψ = 4 [σ] - 4-15
[23]
[ σ ] = σ / [ n ], (3.8)
σ , σ = 3200 ./2; σ =3,2 /2
[ n ] , [ n ]=5
[ σ ] = 3200/5 = 640 ./2 = 0,64 /2
(3.7) :
M=1,75*3√ 13000 / (18*4*640)= 1,157=11,57
m = 12
[23]
2 / m*z* ≤ q, (3.9)
, ;
q , /;
/, [q]=190..270 /
Fw =q*, (3.10)
q - , ./, [q]=190..270 ./
, ;
= Fw /q= 1300 / 270 = 4,814 . = 48
(3.9):
2*13000 / 1,2*18*4,8 ≤ 270
250,77 ≤ 270
, . . 3.6.
3.5
. ( ). . . 3.7.
[23]:
τ=/ F =4/d2z ≤ [τ], (3.11)
z ;
d , ;
[τ] =[0,2 0,3] σ - , /2
z=4 3.11
d =√4/ * [τ]* z, (3.12)
, .
d=√ (4*26000) / (3,14*4*0,2*180) = 15,165
16 ( ) .
:
z d h [σ ] ≥ , (3.13)
h ≥ / z d [σ ], (3.14)
h , ;
[σ] , /2
h ≥ 26000 / 4*16*270*104*10-2 = 0,01504
h= 15
3.6
(). , -130,-5320,-3307 1200 . , . (): .3.8.
( ) 200 , 50. , - 10..15 , 50 , , 88 .
( ), , . ( ) , , ().
.3.9.
3.7 -
- .
:
G=(GK +GR)*K, (3.15)
GK , , , .
GR , , .
K , ( =1,1)
, , .
, |
, |
, |
, |
- , |
|
3. |
/3. |
. | . | . | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|
8242,5 | 0,0079 | 7,9 | 2 | 15,8 |
1000 | 0,0079 | 65 | 1 | 65 | |
Ø125 | 1881,64 | 0,0079 | 14,86 | 1 | 14,86 |
. | 20,096 | 0,0079 | 0,158 | 1 | 0,158 |
. | 678,24 | 0,0079 | 5,358 | 1 | 5,358 |
11,304 | 0,0079 | 0,089 | 1 | 0,089 | |
- | 0,0079 | 56,7 | 2 | 113,4 | |
787,5 | 0,0079 | 6,22 | 1 | 6,22 | |
107,59 | 0,0079 | 0,850 | 1 | 0,850 | |
1205,76 | 0,0079 | 9,52 | 1 | 9,52 | |
: | |||||
4145,78 | 0,0079 | 32,34 | 1 | 32,34 | |
4094,91 | 0,0079 | 32,75 | 1 | 32,75 | |
- | 123,41 | 0,0079 | 0,975 | 1 | 0,975 |
297,2 |
3.15:
G = (297,2+ 6,03) = 303,23 .
:
= * G * , (3.16)
, .
G , ;
, , =1,5 [21]
= 25 * 303,24 * 1,5 = 11372
- , , .3.2
3.2 -
, . | 520 | 304 |
,. | 19450 | 11372 |
, | - | - |
- , . |
2 | 2 |
5 | 5 | |
, ./. | 8,19 | 8,19 |
, % | 5 | 5 |
,% | 10 | 8 |
, . | 2440 | 2440 |
0, , 1.
- :
:
W=60t / T, (3.17)
t , t = 0,8
T , .
W0 = 60*0,8 / 240 = 0,20 . /.
W1 = 60*0,8 / 180 = 0,266 . /.
:
= G / W**, (3.18)
G , ;
, .
, .
0 = 520 / 0,2*2440*10 = 0,1065 ./.
1= 304 / 0,266*2440*10 = 0,0468 ./.
:
F =C /W *T, (3.19)
C , .
T , .
F0 = 19450 / 2440*0,2 = 39,86 ./.
F1 = 11372 / 2440*0,266 = 17,52 ./.
:
T =N / W, (3.20)
N ,
T0 = 2 / 0,2 = 10 .*
T1 = 2 / 0,266 = 7,518 .*
(./.) , :
S= + ++ +, (3.21)
, ./.
=Z *T *K, (3.22)
Z , ./.
K , , = 1,356[ ]
0 = 8,19*1,356*10 = 111,056 ./.
1 = 8,19*1,356*7,518 = 83,49 ./.
, ./: = 0
, ./:
= C * /100 * W* T, (3.23)
, %
0= (19450*10) / (100*0,2*2440) = 3,985 ./.
1= (11372*8) / (100*0,266*2440) = 1,401 ./.
[21]:
= C * /100 * W* T, (3.24)
, %
0= (19450*5) / (100*0,2*2440) = 1,992 ..
1= (11372*5) / (100*0,266*2440) = 0,876 ..
:
, S10% .
0 = 0,06 (111,056 + 3,985 +1,992) = 7,022
1 = 0,06 (83,49 + 1,401 + 0,876) = 5,146
3.21 :
S0 = 111,056 + 3,985 + 1,992 + 7,022 = 124,055 ./.
S1 = 83,49 + 1,401 + 0,876 + 5,146 = 90,913 ./.
(. .) :
= S ++, (3.25)
, , =0,15[21]
, ./.
0= 124,055 + 0,15*39,86 = 130,034 ./.
1= 90,913 + 0,15*17,52 = 93,541 ./.
:
=(S0 S1)*W * 1, (3.26)
1 , .
= (124,055 90,913)*0,266 * 2440 = 21510,48 .
[21]:
= - * , (3.27)
, , .
= 21510,48 0,15*11372 = 19804,68
[21]:
=1 / , (3.28)
1 , .
= 11372 / 21510,48 = 0,528
, 6,4 .
:
= / 1 = 1/ , (3.29)
1 , .
= 21510,48 / 11372 = 1/ 0,528 = 1,893
, 7 0,15. , , .
4.
4.1
, . , , . , - , . , , , - , , , , , .
, , .
- .
4.2 ,
, -1, , , . 3 , , . : () () , ().
.4.1.
4.1 .
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | |
, | 100 | 100 | 83 |
-, |
3 | 2 | 2 |
-
|
21 | 12 | 10 |
30 | 20 | 24 | |
7 | 6 | 5 | |
110 | 120 | 120 |
[3]:
= (1 *1000) /
1 , ,
, .
2001 .
, . 4.1
= 3*1000 / 100 = 30
:
= D / T2, (4.2)
D - .
T2 , .
= 21 / 3 =7
[3]:
= * , (4.3)
-
-
= 30*7 = 210
. 4.1 , . 2001 3 . 2002 . , , . , , . , , .
. 4.2
4.2 .
|
2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
2 | 2 | 2 | |
1 | 0 | 0 | |
|
3 | 2 | 2 |
.4.2. , . - .
, :
1. , .
2. .
3. , , , , .
4. , .
5. .
6. (1 250 2) .
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.1.1. 18 , , , , , , 25 , .
4.3.1.2. , , , , .
4.3.1.3. - , , , .
4.3.1.4. - : , , , , , , , .
4.3.1.5. : , , ; : , .
4.3.1.6. , , .
4.3.1.7. - , , .
4.3.1.8. .
.
4.3.2
4.3.2.1. , , : , , , . (, , ..) .
4.3.2.2. , , , , .
4.3.2.3. , , , .
4.3.2.4. . , . .
4.3.3
4.3.3.1. .
4.3.3.2. () .
4.3.3.3. .
4.3.3.4. , .
4.3.3.5. . .
4.3.3.6. , , .
4.3.3.7. 42 , ( ) 12 .
4.3.3.8. , .
4.3.3.9. , .
4.3.3.10. .
4.3.3.11. , .
4.3.4
4.3.4.1. , , , , , , , .., , .
4.3.4.2. , , , .
.
, , ; (), ; , , , , , (, ), .
4.3.4.3. , , , , , , .
4.3.4.4. , .. . , .
4.3.4.5. :
4.3.4.5.1. 1000 , , , , ( ), , , , , .
4.3.4.5.2. , , , , - , , , . .
4.3.4.5.3. (, ), , , , .
4.3.4.5.4. , , .. . , , , , , .
4.3.4.5.5. , (, ). , .. . , .
4.3.4.5.6. 1000 , 4-5 8-10 .
, .
4.3.4.6. , , , , .
4.3.5
4.3.5.1. ( , , , , , ).
4.3.5.2. , .
4.3.5.3. , .
4.3.5.4. , , , .
4.3.5.5. .
4.3.5.6. , .
4.3.5.7. , .
4.4
. . , , , , . , . , .
, , , , , .
.
, .
, , , , . , . , .
(, , ) , , , , .. .
, , : , , , . .
- , , , 5 . . 1 , 10 .
, , , . , 01, , , . - -1.
:
n0 = m0 * S, (4.4)
m0 - 12 , .; 0=0,01
S , 2.
n0 = 0,01 * 360 = 3,6 .
10 4 . , .
5.-
5.1
[21]:
= + + +' + ' + ', (5.1)
- , . .
' :
' =.. * F' * J = 0
, ' - , . .
, ' , ..
[21]:
| = * , (5.2)
, .
, , . 1,5 [21]
' = 1,5 * (11372 +5500) = 25308 .
1 = 1752,36 . .
2 = 1777,67. .
5.2 -
- :
S = + + + / N, (5.3)
, ,, - , , , , .;
:
= + + + , (5.4)
, .
, , .
, .
, .
[21]:
=Z * *, (5.5)
Z 5 , ./..
-1 -2 ..
. 1,1.
Z=min * Tk / 168,2, (5.6)
min , min = 400 .
Tk 5 , Tk = 3,08 [21]
168,2 , .
Z= (400 * 3,08) / 168,2 = 7,32.
1= 7,32 * 1,1 * 14926 = 120184,15.
2= 7,32 * 1,1 * 22939,2 = 184706,43.
[21]:
= * / 100, (5.7)
, =55% [21]
, .
1 = 0,55 * 120184,15 = 66101,28 .
2 = 0,55* 184706,43 = 101588,53 .
[21]:
=0,15 ( + ), (5.8)
0,15 , .
1=0,15 (120184,15 +66101,28) = 27942,81 .
2=0,15 (184706,43 + 101588,53) = 42944,24 .
[21]:
=0,356 ( + + ), (5.9)
0,356 , .
1 =0,356 (120184,15 + 66101,28 + 27942,81) = 76265,25 .
2 =0,356 (184706,43 + 101588,53 + 42944,24) = 117209,15 .
1 = 120184,15 + 66101,28 + 27942,81 + 76265,25 = 290493,49 .
2 = 184706,43 +101588,53 + 42944,24 +117209,15 = 446448,35 .
[21]:
= (*Lr)/1000, (5.10)
- 1000 , =187,5 .
Lr , Lr 2254850 .
= (187,5*2254850)/1000 = 422784,38 .
[21]:
=0,01**, (5.11)
. 1 = 5%, 2 = 6%
1 = 0,01*422784,38*5 = 21139,22 .
2 = 0,01*4227843,75*6 = 25367,06 .
:
1 = 35086 .
2 = 18936 .
(5.3):
S 1 = (290493,49 + 422784,38+ 21139,22 + 350860) /2397 = 452,76 .
S 2 = (446448,35 + 422784,38 + 25367,06 + 189360) / 3596 = 301,43.
5.3
:
J = N / F, (5.12)
N .
F , 2.
J1 = 2397 / 360 = 6,65 ./2
J2 = 3596 / 360 = 9,98 ./2
[21]:
F = C / N, (5.13)
C , .
F1 = 1752360 / 2397 = 731,06 ./.
F2 = 1777670 / 3596 = 494,35 ./.
[21]:
= N / np, (5.14)
np , .
1 = 2397 / 15 = 159,8 ./.
2 = 3596 / 26 = 138,31 ./.
[21]:
= S + + , (5.15)
S , .
, = 0,15 [21]
, ./.
1 =452,76+0,15*731,06 = 562,42 ./.
2 =301,43+0,15*494,35 = 375,58 ./.
[21]:
= (S1 S2) * N2, (5.16)
S1 , .
S2 , .
N1 .
= (452,76-301,43) * 3596 = 544,18..
[21]:
= * Δ, (5.17)
Δ- . Δ = 253000 .
= 544,18-0,15*253 = 506,23 ..
[21]:
= Δ / , (5.18)
= 253000 / 544180 = 0,46
:
= / Δ, (5.19)
= 544180/253000 = 2,15
2002 2003 . |
|
% | |
, ,/2 |
6,65 | 9,98 | 150 |
, ./. |
731 | 494 | 68 |
, ./. |
160 | 138 | 86 |
, ./. |
453 | 301 | 66 |
, ./. | 562 | 376 | 70 |
, . | 544180 | ||
. | 506230 | ||
, | 0,46 | ||
. |
2,15 |
.6.1., , 50%. 32%, 14%. 34%, 30%.
, '' ''. , , , .
, , .. , , - , . 5,5 .
, . , .
, . 11373 . 5,5 .
. . 40 % . , ,
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