,,,
1.
1.1
1.2
2.
2.1
2.2 ()
3.
3.1 ISO 14000 -
3.2 ISO 14000
3.3 - Environmental Management Systems
4.
4.1
4.2 ISO 14000
5.
5.1 PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act)
, , , , , . , , , .
, . , , , , . , , .
, , (), , . , , , .
1.
1.1
, . .
. ( ) - , .
1992 . --. XXI , . , .
1.2
:
1. .
2. - .
:
; ; ; ; ; ; .
. : , , , - , .
. , , , .
( . , ) . : ; ; ; ; ; ; .
. , . : ; ; ; ; .
. 1978 . , ( ). , .
.
:
; ; ; .
, .
.
, : ; ; , , , ; .
, : ; ; ; .
, : , ; , , , , , , , ; -, , .
, , ; ; .
. , , , . , , .
110 (), 320 , 20500 .
01.01.97 . 23.08.2002 ., 1960 ., , .
2.
2.1
- . : - ; - ; - .
2.2 ()
, . . , . , , , ; , ; "" "", , .
, , . , - , - - - , -, - . "" , , , - , .
, , , . , , . , . , .
. , , , , , . -, , , :
( ) - , , , , , , , , , , , .
, " ". , , , .
. Environmental management system. management, . management to manage. "", "" "", , , " ()", "", "", "". , to manage to fail ( , , , , , ). management "" . , , , . , , , - , . , environmental management system environment - " ". . , , management, . :
- , , .
(eco-efficiency, environmental performance), .
- , . , , . , , - " , - "
3.
3.1 ISO 14000 -
(ISO)- (International Organization for Standardization). 1947 ., . .
, . 11000 . 9000.
ISO 14000
ISO 14000, , ( , ..) ( , " "). ISO 14000 - environmental management system, EMS). , , , . - ISO 14001 "" , , .
, , , ISO 14000, , . , ISO "" , (, " " - total quality management), .
ISO 14000 -- 1992 . ISO 14000 207 (TC 207) (ISO). BS 7750, 1992 , 500 . ISO 14000 (ISO 9000) 70000 . ISO 14000 1996 .
, :
1. - "" .
2. - .
3. - .
3.2 ISO 14000
, , :
(EMS);
;
, .
: (. 1)
3.3 - Environmental Management Systems
ISO 14000 ( ). ISO 14001 - " ". , "" - , . ISO 14001 .
- , ISO 14004 , 14010 EMS. 14040 " ", , ( ISO 14001).
, ISO 14001, , , , :
1. - , (. ). , , , . , , , " " (continual improvement) " " (pollution prevention). .
2. (, , , ). , , , (, ).
3. , , . . (" "), ( ) . " " ( , , ).
4. . , .
5. . , . , EMS.
6. , .
7. , . .
8. , , , ISO 14001, . , . .
9. . , EMS. , " ". , " - - - ".
, , .. .
, . , , EMS, , , .
4.
4.1
ISO 14000 "". , , .
ISO 14000 , , EMS . , , . - . , () . ISO 9000, , , , .
, ISO/TC 207 ( , ISO) 10 90 100 , ISO 14000, " " , . ISO 14000 , ( ISO) (, ISO- ).
, EMS, , :
( .. );
, , ;
;
"" ;
;
.
ISO, . , , , , - , ..
, 12 18 , , .
ISO 14000 ISO 9000, , ISO 9000. "" . " ISO 9000 - 70% ISO 14000", .
4.2 ISO 14000
, ISO 14000, . ISO 14000 ,
, ISO 14000 . , , " " - . , . , .
ISO 14000 - . , , " " " " , , , . , - - , , , . , ISO 14000 .
ISO 14000 . , ISO , "" . , , ", ISO 14000, ". , , ISO 14000 .
, . ISO 14001, , " ". , , , , , . . , , ECOLOGIA Green Seal ISO 14031 (" ").
5.
5.1 PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act)
, , (), , . , , , .
, PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act). PDCA :
: ;
: ;
: , , ; ;
: .
, , . 9001 . PDCA , .
1.
, :
, , ;
;
, ;
;
, , ;
;
2
, () :
, , , , , ;
, () () (.. ).
.
, , .
, () :
;
, .
, , .
, .
, , , .
, . , , , , .
3.
, , , . , , , .
, , , , , .
() () (), () () , :
, , ;
, .
, () (), () , () () () , () , , .
, . , .
, (), () :
, ;
, , ;
4
, () () , . () () , . , , .
, () .
.
, () () () () . () () :
() () ;
() () () , ;
() () , ;
() () () ();
() () () ().
.
.
, ():
;
, .
, , . , () .
:
, ;
;
, ;
, , ;
, , , , .
, (), , () , , .
, .
, , .
5.
, , . , . .
:
;
(), () , ;
;
;
;
, ;
, , ;
.
, ,
ISO 14000 , . , . .
:
ISO 14000, ;
;
-;
;
, - .
1. .. - , - , 2006.
2. .., .. . .: , 2002.
3. , , / . .. .: , 2000.
:
1. http://bio.1september.ru/articlef.php?ID=200602404
2. http://ecobez.narod.ru/ponatia.html
3. EMAS EMAS:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/emas/index_en.htm
4. .
http://www.14000.ru/section.php?id=2
1
ISO 14001 | (EMS) - | + |
ISO 14004 | EMS - , | + |
ISO 14014 | " " . | |
ISO 14010 | - | + |
ISO 14011/1 | - - | + |
ISO 14012 | - | + |
ISO 14031 | ||
, | ||
ISO 14020 ( ) | ||
ISO 14040 ( ) | " " - , , | |
ISO 14050 | + | |
ISO 14060 |
2
ISO 14000.
. ( ) | ||||
ISO 14001:1996 | Environmental management systems Specification with guidance for use | 1400198. . | ||
ISO/CD 14001 | Revision of ISO 14001:1996 | ISO 14001:1996 | (Committee draft) | |
ISO 14004:1996 | Environmental management systems General guidelines on principles, systems and supporting techniques | , | 1400498. . , | |
ISO/CD 14004 | Revision of ISO 14004:1996 | ISO 14004:1996 | (Committee draft) | |
ISO 14010:1996 | Guidelines for environmental auditing General principles | ISO 19011:2002 |
1401098 . |
|
ISO 14011:1996 | Guidelines for environmental auditing Audit procedures Auditing of environmental management systems | ISO 19011:2002 | 1401198. . . | |
ISO 14012:1996 | Guidelines for environmental auditing Qualification criteria for environmental auditors | ISO 19011:2002 | 1401298. . | |
ISO 14015:2001 | Environmental management Environmental assessment of sites and organizations | |||
ISO 19011:2002 | Guidelines on quality and environmental auditing | |||
ISO 14020:2000 | Environmental labels and declarations General principles | 1402099. . | ||
ISO 14021:1999 | Environmental labels and declarations Selfdeclared environmental claims (Type II environmental labelling) | ( II) | 140212000. . ( II) | |
ISO 14024:1999 | Environmental labels and declarations Type I environmental labelling Principles and procedures | I | 140242000. . I. | |
ISO/TR 14025:2000 | Environmental labels and declarations Type III environmental declarations | III | , | |
ISO 14031:1999 | Environmental management Environmental performance evaluation Guidelines | 14031-2001. . . | ||
ISO/TR 14032:1999 | Environmental management Examples of environmental performance evaluation (EPE) | , | ||
ISO 14040:1997 | Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework | 1404099. . . | ||
ISO 14041:1998 | Environmental management Life cycle assessment Goal and scope definition and inventory analysis | , | 140412000. . . , | |
ISO 14042:2000 | Environmental management Life cycle assessment Life cycle impact assessment | 140422000. . . | ||
ISO 14043:2000 | Environmental management Life cycle assessment Life cycle interpretation | 140432000. . . | ||
ISO/WDTR 14047 | Environmental management Life cycle assessment Examples of application of ISO 14042 | ISO 14042 | (working draft) | |
ISO/TS 14048:2002 | Environmental management Life cyle assessment Life cycle assessment data documentation format | ( ) | ||
ISO/TR 14049:2000 | Environmental management Life cycle assessment Examples of application of ISO 14041 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis | ISO 14041 , | , | |
ISO 14050:1998 | Environmental management Vocabulary | ISO 14050:2002 | 1405099. . | |
ISO 14050:2002 | Environmental management Vocabulary | |||
, | ||||
ISO/TR 14061:1998 | Information to assist forestry organizations in the use of Environmental Management System standards ISO 14001 and ISO 14004 | , , ISO 14001 ISO 14004 | , | |
ISO/TR 14062:2002 | Guidelines for integrating environmental aspects into product development | , | ||
ISO/CD2 14063 | Environmental management Environmental communications Guidelines and examples | (ommittee draft) | ||
ISO/AWI 14064 | Guidelines for Measuring, Reporting and Verifying Entity and Project-level Greenhouse Gas Emissions | , | (Approved work item) | |
ISO Guide 64:1997 | Guide for the inclusion of environmental aspects in product standards | , | ||
ISO Guide 66:1999 | General requirements for bodies operating assessment and certification of environmental management systems | , | , |
. , , 207 (ISO/TC207), :
ISO 19011:2002, ISO/TC207 ISO/TC176;
ISO Guide 66:1999, (CASCO) .
. . ISO/TC 207 .
3
, ISO 14001 EMAS
2006 .
ISO 14001 | EMAS | |
13,819 | ||
5,0642739 | (1) | |
4,860 | 314 | |
4,150 | 2,251 | |
3,474 | (2) | |
2,917 | 75 | |
3,121 | 162 | |
2,344 | 23 | |
2,310 | 190 | |
1,495 | ||
1,337 | ||
1,242 | ||
1,162 | 29 | |
1,155 | (1) | |
1,059 | 39 | |
1,008 | ||
835 | ||
736 | ||
637 | (6) | |
7112 | 121 | |
605 | (10) | |
605 | ||
500 | 298 | |
473 | (2) | |
434 | ||
397 | ||
369 | ||
367 | (1) | |
350 | 42 | |
303 | 23 | |
264 | ||
248 | 10 | |
245 | ||
205 | ||
170 | 8 | |
166 | ||
135 | ||
112 | ||
105 | ||
100 | ||
98 | ||
96 | (1) | |
92 | ||
90 | ||
90 | 9 | |
80 | ||
74 | ||
73 | (1) | |
72 | ||
56 | ||
52 | ||
* | 48 | |
- | 40 | |
32 | 1 | |
32 | ||
31 | ||
26 | ||
21 | ||
20 | ||
20 | ||
18 | ||
17 | ||
17 | ||
16 | ||
13 | ||
12 | ||
11 | (2) | |
10 | ||
10 | ||
9 | ||
8 | ||
7 | ||
6 | ||
5 | ||
5 | ||
5 | ||
5 | ||
5 | ||
4 | ||
4 | (1) | |
4 | ||
4 | ||
- | 4 | |
4 | ||
3 | ||
3 | ||
3 | ||
3 | ||
3 | ||
3 | ||
3 | ||
3 | ||
2 | ||
2 | ||
2 | ||
2 | ||
2 | ||
2 | ||
2 | ||
2 | ||
2 | ||
2 | ||
2 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
- | 1 | |
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
1 |
: Reinhard Peglau, (Umweltbundesamt), , . .
EMAS EMAS:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/emas/index_en.htm
[*] .
http://www.14000.ru/section.php?id=2
1. 1.1 1.2 2. 2.1 2.2
Copyright (c) 2024 Stud-Baza.ru , , , .