,,,
:
. :
N , . - R. : - () . , , .
( ) , , g. , c2.
,
頠 , 頠 砠 , :
;
;
;
.
, .
=×××, (1)
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
, , , , , .
. - , ( ) - -.
, (2)
Ni- i- ;
Mi- i- Ni .
, R [Rmin Rmax]. . 1 .
-
, (3)
c²g,k . 2 g
Ki = 2Mi+2. (4)
(Mi=0), , (3)
. (5)
- , . c2 ( ), ( )
. (6)
l- (), ; N - ; mi - , i- (); Pi- i- , .
:
; (7)
,
. (8)
(6) c² c²g,k, . 2 g k=N-l-2. (c²<c²g,k), (c²³c²g,k). , (1-g).
:
, ( 3,5S );
8 ÷12 , ( ) , ;
, ;
, , mi, i- (i=1,2, ... ,l), l l. , ;
i-
; (9)
; (10)
, UiB i- U(i+1) (i+1)- ;
i- , :
Pi = F(UiB) - F(Ui), (11)
F(UiB) F(Ui) ( ), . 3 UiB UiH. U,
F(-U) = 1 - F(U); (12)
, i -
mi = Npi, (13)
mi , , ;
c² (6);
c²g,k . 2 k = N- l -2 g;
c²<c²g,k. ( c²³c²g,k) . . (14) .
, . 6.2. :
3 .6.2;
, . 10- . .
, (14)
Rmax, Rmin - ( ); Ag,n - , . 2 n g.
(2), (3), (5) ni
; (15)
; (16)
m - ; Pjn (min) - ( j- ); Pj - .
(15) (16)
; (17)
.n = Pin (min). (18)
, Pin (min), . i- , , 蠠 堠 .
|
, R[m] |
|
R[m] |
|
, R[m] |
|
, R[m] |
1 | 82,2 | 11 | 81,69 | 21 | 81,67 | 31 | 82,91 |
2 | 82,6 | 12 | 81,71 | 22 | 81,9 | 32 | 82,31 |
3 | 80,91 | 13 | 81,38 | 23 | 82,22 | 33 | 81,97 |
4 | 82,69 | 14 | 81,93 | 24 | 82,1 | 34 | 82,14 |
5 | 82,36 | 15 | 82,24 | 25 | 81,82 | 35 | 82,15 |
6 | 82,53 | 16 | 83,47 | 26 | 82,27 | 36 | 82,45 |
7 | 82,09 | 17 | 81,76 | 27 | 80,63 | 37 | 81,73 |
8 | 81,54 | 18 | 81,29 | 28 | 82,19 | 38 | 83,18 |
9 | 81,54 | 19 | 81,87 | 29 | 81,44 | 39 | 81,88 |
10 | 81,2 | 20 | 82,8 | 30 | 81,12 |
;
;
;
.
(1).
, (19)
N .
, ( ), ( ). ,
= 1, = 1, = 1, = 1, = 1. (20)
, (21)
= 0.
:
(N = 39)
.n = =0.926;
(N = 38, .. )
.n. ==0.924;
(N=37, .. )
.n ==0.922.
- , . ( c?). 10 . 1 2 . 6.2. , . 6.1, . , , 4 . 6.2. , ( 1-3 8-10) , 7 . 6.2. (. . 6.1), , mi/DRi ( mi - ,
i- , Ri- ).
(22)
. (23)
Ui Pi(Ri£ Ri) 8 9 .
.
; (24)
. (25)
= 81,99692 S= 0.588026.
i-
Pi = F[Ui] - F[U(i-1)], (26)
F(U) - , , U (. . 3). Pi 10 . 6.2, 11 i- ,
mi=NPi , (27)
N - .
, mi/DRi.
, , c²
. (28)
c² c²g,k, . ,
, (29)
Ag,k=1.187 . 2 g=0.9 k=N=40.
.
. 3 F() , (12),
.n = F(1,985) 1 + F(1,977) = 0.97558 1 + 0.975 = 0.95058.
n(min) , (0.922).
. .
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- U=(R-)/S
|
- , F(U) |
- , |
- , m=NP |
||
R |
R |
R |
R |
|||||||
80,5 | 80,8 | * | 1 | 80,5 | 81,4 | 6 | -1,015 | 0,15866 | 0,15866 | 6,18774 |
80,8 | 81,1 | * | 1 | |||||||
81,1 | 81,4 | **** | 4 | |||||||
81,4 | 81,7 | ***** | 5 | 81,4 | 81,7 | 5 | -0,50494 | 0,30854 | 0,14988 | 5,84532 |
81,7 | 82 | ********* | 9 | 81,7 | 82 | 9 | 0,00524 | 0,5000 | 0,19146 | 7,46694 |
82 | 82,3 | ********* | 9 | 82 | 82,3 | 9 | 0,5154 | 0,69847 | 0,19847 | 7,74033 |
82,3 | 82,6 | ***** | 5 | 82,3 | 82,6 | 5 | 1,0256 | 0,84134 | 0,14287 | 5,57193 |
82,6 | 82,9 | ** | 2 | 82,6 | 83,5 | 5 | 2,5562 | 0,99477 | 0,15343 | 5,98377 |
82,9 | 83,2 | ** | 2 | |||||||
83,2 | 83,5 | * | 1 |
1
, R [] | , R [] | ||||
1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||
1 | 3,215 | 82,2 | 21 | 3,138 | 81,67 |
2 | 3,144 | 82,6 | 22 | 3,171 | 81,9 |
3 | 3,219 | 80,91 | 23 | 3,181 | 82,22 |
4 | 3,063 | 82,69 | 24 | 3,154 | 82,1 |
5 | 3,19 | 82,36 | 25 | 3,209 | 81,82 |
6 | 3,129 | 82,53 | 26 | 3,222 | 82,27 |
7 | 3,176 | 82,09 | 27 | 3,112 | 80,63 |
8 | 3,22 | 81,54 | 28 | 3,253 | 82,19 |
9 | 3,26 | 81,54 | 29 | 3,169 | 81,44 |
10 | 3,091 | 81,2 | 30 | 3,28 | 81,12 |
11 | 3,214 | 81,69 | 31 | 3,269 | 82,91 |
12 | 3,197 | 81,71 | 32 | 3,167 | 82,31 |
13 | 3,231 | 81,38 | 33 | 3,227 | 81,97 |
14 | 3,291 | 81,93 | 34 | 3,12 | 82,14 |
15 | 3,182 | 82,24 | 35 | 3,347 | 82,15 |
16 | 3,21 | 83,47 | 36 | 3,245 | 82,45 |
17 | 3,236 | 81,76 | 37 | 3,173 | 81,73 |
18 | 3,224 | 81,29 | 38 | 3,188 | 83,18 |
19 | 3,193 | 81,87 | 39 | 3,318 | 81,88 |
20 | 3,193 | 82,8 | 40 | 3,201 | 82,01 |
:
1- - [3,050 - 3,350];
2- - [80,50 - 83,50].
c² (. ) (. ), k g
|
, c2 |
. . -, g, |
||
g=0,9 |
g=0,95 |
g=0,9 |
g=0,95 |
|
1 | 2,71 | 3,84 | - | - |
2 | 4,61 | 5,99 | 8,229 | 16,51 |
3 | 6,25 | 7,82 | 3,233 | 4,658 |
4 | 7,78 | 9,49 | 2,377 | 3,082 |
5 | 11,24 | 11,07 | 2,025 | 2,49 |
6 | 11,65 | 12,59 | 1,832 | 2,183 |
7 | 12,02 | 14,07 | 1,71 | 1,992 |
8 | 13,36 | 15,51 | 1,626 | 1,861 |
9 | 14,69 | 16,92 | 1,562 | 1,768 |
10 | 15,99 | 18,31 | 1,513 | 1,713 |
11 | 17,28 | 19,68 | 1,472 | 1,638 |
12 | 18,55 | 21,03 | 1,446 | 1,59 |
13 | 19,81 | 22,36 | 1,413 | 1,548 |
14 | 21,06 | 23,69 | 1,39 | 1,518 |
15 | 22,31 | 25 | 1,37 | 1,492 |
16 | 23,54 | 26,3 | 1,353 | 1,468 |
17 | 24,59 | 27,59 | 1,335 | 1,447 |
18 | 25,99 | 28,87 | 1,332 | 1,427 |
19 | 27,2 | 30,14 | 1,31 | 1,41 |
20 | 28,41 | 31,41 | 1,299 | 1,394 |
21 | 29,62 | 32,67 | 1,288 | 1,372 |
22 | 30,81 | 33,92 | 1,28 | 1,368 |
23 | 32,01 | 35,01 | 1,271 | 1,355 |
24 | 33,2 | 36,42 | 1,263 | 1,345 |
25 | 34,65 | 37,38 | 1,256 | 1,336 |
26 | 35,56 | 38,88 | 1,249 | 1,326 |
27 | 36,74 | 40,11 | 1,243 | 1,318 |
28 | 37,92 | 41,34 | 1,237 | 1,31 |
29 | 39,09 | 42,56 | 1,231 | 1,302 |
30 | 40,26 | 43,77 | 1,226 | 1,295 |
31 | 41,42 | 44,42 | 1,222 | 1,288 |
32 | 42,59 | 46,19 | 1,217 | 1,282 |
33 | 43,75 | 47,4 | 1,212 | 1,276 |
34 | 44,9 | 48,6 | 1,208 | 1,271 |
35 | 46,06 | 49,06 | 1,204 | 1,266 |
36 | 47,21 | 51 | 1,201 | 1,261 |
37 | 48,36 | 52,19 | 1,198 | 1,257 |
38 | 49,51 | 53,38 | 1,194 | 1,252 |
39 | 50,65 | 54,57 | 1,19 | 1,248 |
40 | 51,81 | 55,76 | 1,187 | 1,243 |
( )
U |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
0.0 |
50000 | 50399 | 50798 | 51197 | 51595 | 51994 | 52392 | 52790 | 53188 | 53586 |
0.1 |
53983 | 54380 | 54776 | 55172 | 55567 | 55962 | 56356 | 56749 | 57142 | 57535 |
0.2 |
57926 | 58317 | 58706 | 59095 | 59483 | 59871 | 60257 | 60642 | 61026 | 61409 |
0.3 |
61791 | 62172 | 62552 | 62930 | 63307 | 93683 | 64058 | 64431 | 64803 | 65173 |
0.4 |
65542 | 65910 | 66276 | 66640 | 67003 | 97364 | 67724 | 68082 | 68439 | 68793 |
0.5 |
69146 | 69497 | 69847 | 70194 | 70540 | 70884 | 71226 | 71566 | 71904 | 72240 |
0.6 |
72575 | 72907 | 73237 | 73565 | 73891 | 74215 | 74537 | 74857 | 75175 | 75490 |
0.7 |
75804 | 76115 | 76424 | 96730 | 77035 | 77337 | 77637 | 77935 | 78230 | 78524 |
0.8 |
78814 | 79103 | 79389 | 79673 | 79955 | 80234 | 80511 | 80785 | 81057 | 81327 |
0.9 |
81594 | 81859 | 82121 | 82381 | 82639 | 82894 | 83147 | 83398 | 83646 | 83891 |
1.0 |
84134 | 84375 | 84614 | 84850 | 85083 | 85314 | 85543 | 85769 | 85993 | 86214 |
1.1 |
86433 | 86650 | 86864 | 87076 | 87286 | 87493 | 87698 | 87900 | 88100 | 88298 |
1.2 |
88493 | 88686 | 88877 | 89065 | 89251 | 89435 | 89617 | 89796 | 89973 | 90147 |
1.3 |
90320 | 90490 | 90658 | 90824 | 90988 | 91149 | 91308 | 91466 | 91621 | 91774 |
1.4 |
91924 | 92073 | 92220 | 92364 | 92507 | 92647 | 92786 | 92922 | 93056 | 93189 |
1.5 |
93319 | 93448 | 93574 | 93699 | 93822 | 93943 | 94062 | 94179 | 94295 | 94408 |
1.6 |
94520 | 94630 | 94738 | 94845 | 94950 | 95053 | 95154 | 95254 | 95352 | 95449 |
1.7 |
95543 | 95637 | 95728 | 95818 | 95907 | 95994 | 96880 | 96164 | 96246 | 96327 |
1.8 |
96407 | 96485 | 96562 | 96638 | 96712 | 96784 | 96856 | 96926 | 96995 | 97062 |
1.9 |
97128 | 97193 | 97257 | 97320 | 97381 | 97441 | 97500 | 97558 | 97615 | 97670 |
2.0 |
97725 | 97778 | 97831 | 97882 | 97932 | 97982 | 98030 | 98077 | 98124 | 98169 |
2.1 |
98214 | 98257 | 98300 | 98341 | 98382 | 98422 | 98461 | 98500 | 98537 | 98574 |
2.2 |
98610 | 98645 | 98679 | 98713 | 98745 | 98778 | 98809 | 98840 | 98870 | 98899 |
2.3 |
98928 | 98956 | 98983 | 99010 | 99036 | 99061 | 99086 | 99111 | 99134 | 99158 |
2.4 |
99180 | 99202 | 99224 | 99245 | 99266 | 99286 | 99305 | 99324 | 99343 | 99361 |
2.5 |
99379 | 99396 | 99413 | 99430 | 99446 | 99461 | 99477 | 99492 | 99506 | 99520 |
2.6 |
99534 | 99547 | 99560 | 99573 | 99585 | 99598 | 99609 | 99621 | 99632 | 99643 |
2.7 |
99653 | 99664 | 99674 | 99683 | 99693 | 99702 | 99711 | 99720 | 99728 | 99736 |
2.8 |
99744 | 99752 | 99760 | 99767 | 99774 | 99781 | 99788 | 99795 | 99801 | 99807 |
2.9 |
99813 | 99819 | 99825 | 99831 | 99836 | 99841 | 99846 | 99851 | 99856 | 99861 |
3.0 |
99865 | 99869 | 99874 | 99878 | 99882 | 99886 | 99889 | 99893 | 99896 | 99900 |
3.1 |
99903 | 99906 | 99910 | 99913 | 99916 | 99918 | 99921 | 99924 | 99926 | 99929 |
3.2 |
99931 | 99934 | 99936 | 99938 | 99940 | 99942 | 99944 | 99946 | 99948 | 99950 |
3.3 |
99952 | 99953 | 99955 | 99957 | 99958 | 99960 | 99961 | 99962 | 99964 | 99965 |
3.4 |
99966 | 99968 | 99969 | 99970 | 99971 | 99972 | 99973 | 99974 | 99975 | 99976 |
3.5 |
99977 | 99978 | 99978 | 99979 | 99980 | 99981 | 99981 | 99982 | 99983 | 99983 |
3.6 |
99984 | 99985 | 99985 | 99986 | 99986 | 99987 | 99987 | 99988 | 99988 | 99989 |
3.7 |
99989 | 99990 | 99990 | 99990 | 99991 | 99991 | 99992 | 99992 | 99992 | 99992 |
3.8 |
99993 | 99993 | 99993 | 99994 | 99994 | 99994 | 99994 | 99995 | 99995 | 99995 |
3.9 |
99995 | 99995 | 99996 | 99996 | 99996 | 99996 | 99996 | 99996 | 99997 | 99997 |
.. - . .. , . // : 1987. 11. . 24-36.
.. : // . 1993. 10. . 16-23.
.. : . - . .: , 1987. 215 .
. . . .: , 1987. 348 .
., / ., ., .. : . -, 1993. 126.
.. . / .., ... // , 1993. N5. . 56-64.
.. . .: , 1991. 206 .
.. / ..., .. .: , 1986. 120 .
. . . : , 1982. 154 .
.. / .., ... // . 1994. 3. . 21-25.
.. / . .: , 1988. . 16-20.
. . .: , 1993. 120 .
. - . .: , 1989. 212 .
.. / .., ... : , 1988. 169 .
.. : / .., .., ... .: , 1990. 216 .
: . . .: , 1982. 191 .
.. - / .., ... .: , 1992. 48 .
87
. : , , . .: , 1985. 416 .
Rogers E.M. Diffusion of innovations. N.J.: Free Press, 1962. .202.
Rogers E.M. Communication of innovations / Rogers E.M., Shoemaker F.F. N.J. Free Press, 1978. .476.
.. - . .: , 1985. 358 .
.. // , : .... : , 1999. .2. . 19-23.
.. / .., .., ... .: . -, 1990. 344 .
.. - . : - , 1994 . 1, 2. 191 .; 152 .
.. - / . .-. . : , 1991. 286 .
26. .. : .. .: , 1991. 130 .
27. .. / .., .., .. // , : .... : , 1998. .3. . 22-29.
28. .. . .: , 1976. 165 .
29. .. / .., .., .. // , : .... : , 1997. . 24-32.
30. .. // : .... : , 1991. . 27-32.
31. .. . : , 1993. 13 .
88
32. .. . .: , 1976. 248 .
33. .. . .: , 1962. 552 .
34. .. / .., ... .: , 1969. 183 .
35. .. , . . , 1985. 296 .
36. .. / .., ... .:, 1975. 425 .
: . : N ,
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