,,,
2009
1.
, , , . - . . , m-, 2m . . m , . =2m () .
() . , . . .
.
. : . f , f=f/
, . . -. . .
( . counter ). , , , 2.
: .. , , , .
t. . , .
fmax=1/t. . t . .
.
:
: (); - () ; ; .
: ; ; .
: ; ; ; .
=2m, Q,
=Qm* 2m-1+Qm-1*2m-2 ++Q1*20,
m- , 2m-1 m- .
, ¹2m. () , =10. - ( , ).
. .
2 : ) 0000 1001 ) 01102=610 11112=1510. .
, , 1. , , , , 1 0.
: , , 1. . 0 1.
N | N | ||||||
Q3 |
Q2 |
Q |
Q3 |
Q2 |
Q1 |
||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1¯ | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1¯ |
4 | 1 | 0¯ | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1¯ | 1 |
6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
. . . .
, .
, , , 1 , . - , JK- D- . . () . , .
, , . , , , - , .
. , . , . .
, , . . , , , . .
=2m m .
() 2m-1<K<2m, , R , S "1".
=5. K 3- . , 5- 101. . 3- - .
- "0" , .
=13. , .. 1=20; 2- (2=21); (4=22); (8=23). =13=8+4+1=1*23+1* 22 +0*21+1* 20 , , Q3=Q2=Q0=1. 5 1 . ("0") 5 R- , 2- . , 2 1 , .. 13- . , , .
Q3 | Q2 | Q1 | Q0 | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 | Q0 | ||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
= 5 = 13 .. 5- 13- ( "1" "0") "1" "0" Q2.
, , . 1555, :
R¢0 |
R²0 |
|
0 | 0 | |
0 | 1 | |
1 | 0 | |
1 | 1 |
Q1=Q2=Q3=Q4=0 |
, , , .
1555 (=14) .
4, 5. .
.
, , 1- , : , . , , -. . .
, 4.1 4.4 , , 4.2 5.1 .
+1. . 1 "1", +1 "0", 000. "1" (.. 8 1 "1"). 4.1 "0", 4.2 . 2 2 , .. 1- 001. 1 "0", 4.1- "1", 4.2 "0" 2 "1", 4.4 "0", 5.1 "1", .. 010 ..
: 1 "0", +1 "1", 4.1 4.4 "1", 111. .
1556 1557 - .
1 2 , R "0", S (S="0") 1 1 ( 9 0), "" 2 ( 0 9), "".
.
, D- ( JK- RS- ) ( ) , .
, , . , , , , , .
. 5 .
. 6 .
RS (JK)- D-. . 1 , , , .
(, ) , . f=f/m, m- , .. . , .
.
. , , 16 16 , .
. , , , . , . , .
2.
2.1 ,
2.2
|
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
(. 1, 2, 3,4,5,7,8,9,10) , . 11.
3.4 1001 0000.
4.
4.1 (. 7). . 1111 0000.
, . 7. 1111. ( 1551) 0 (. 7, ).
( = 0 ) .
1111, . . = 1.
, t, , . , 1 0 ( ). t , ( 40 ). 1 0 0000.
DC (c ) 0000, -Ż.
Δt.
. , .
. 7: ) ( ) . ) A, B, C )
. 11
4.2 (. 8) , .
4.3 (. 9) , .4.1
4.4 (. 10). . 1001 0000.
5.
, , , .
6.
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
7.
1. .. . - . . . 1986, 280 .
2. .. . . . . . 1987, 352 .
3. . . . . . 1987, 4-
4. .. . . . 6[A1] ,: 1998, 400
[A1] ( )
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