,,,
-
. ..
-
:
" - "
:
5
-
___________ ( . .)
:
...,
__________ ( .. )
- 1997
:
.
1. ....................................................................................................... 4
2. I
- -
.
2.1 () -
() .
Ag - Sm............................................................................................... 5
2.2 () -
() .......................................................................... 13
2.3 , ,
() - ()
............................................................................................................. 14
2.4 ..................................................................................................................... 20
2.5 .................................................................................... 23
3. II
.
3.1
.................. 24
3.2
........................................................................................................ 29
3.3 , .................................. 34
3.4
..................................................................................................... 35
3.5 ........... 37
3.6 .
SmCl3 ............................................................................................ 39
4. III
- .
4.1
.................................................. 42
4.2
.................................................. 42
4.3 -
- ................................................. 42
4.4 -
Sm3+ - -
............................................................................................................... 54
5. ......................................................................................................... 58
6. .......................................................... 59
1. .
, , , , , , ; , ., . , , .
, , , . : , Sm3+.
I
- .
2.1 () - () . Sm - Ag.
. - , .
NaF - LnF3.*
NaF - ScF3 [ 1 ], NaF - YF3 [ 2 ] NaF - MeF3 ( - , Ce Pm ) , NaF - CeF3 [ 3 ]. NaF - CeF3 NaF - LaF3 NaMeIIIF4. NaMeIIIF4 Na5Me9IIIF32 (MeIII - Y, Pr - Lu) , NaF - ScF3. 1:1 NaMeIIIF4 (III - Y, Pr - Lu) , 700( [ 4 ] , . Na5Me9IIIF32, , 55,5 .% eF3 SmF3 39 .% MeF3 LuF3.
800-530(, , . , NaF - MeF3 NaMeIIIF4 . Na5Me9IIIF32 NaF - DyF3 NaF - LuF3 , NaF - PrF3 NaF - TbF3 NaMeIIIF4 MeF3. Na5La9F32 NaMeIIIF4 MeF3.
________
*Ln - .
: KF, RbF, CsF - LnF3.
, KF c . 1:1 [ 5-8 ], . , (-KLaF4 NaNdF4 [ 8 ]. [ 9, 10 ] 3:1 Ce, Sm, Er, .
: 1:1 [ 11, 12] RbMeIIIF4 (MeIII - La, Ce, Pr), 3:1 [ 9, 10, 13, 14] Rb3MeIIIF6 (MeIII - Y, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Tb, Er) Cs3MeIIIF6 (MeIII - Y, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er).
NaF - SmF3 [ 15 ] . 2.1, - N1.
NaF, NaSmF4, Na5Sm9F32, SmF3. , : NaSmF4, Na5Sm9F32. 55,5 64,3 .% SmF3 . 569( SmF3 .
N1
.
-
t, (C ,
.% 𠠠 NaFSmF3 C 76544,5055,50Na5Sm9F32(.-), NaSmF4(.-), NaSmF4 E 72575,9424,06NaF, NaSmF4 ࠠ P1 83462,7137,29NaSmF4, Na5Sm9F32
(. -) ࠠ P2 106038,0062,00SmF3, Na5Sm9F32
(. -)
SmF3, .%
-
( -
. 2.1.
NaF - SmF3.
MeCl - LnCl3.
YCl3 - MeCl Na3YCl6 K3YCl6, Me2LnCl5 Me3LnCl6 La, Ce, Nd (Me - K, Rb, Cs) [ 16 ]. KCl - LnCl3, La Sm K2LnCl5, Ce, Pr, Sm, Nd - K3LnCl6. NaCl - SmCl3 Na2SmCl5. SmCl3 - MeCl (Me - K, Rb, Cs) Me3SmCl6. K2LnCl5 K3LnCl6, Nd Pr [ 17 ].
Ln - 400-800(. LnCl3 LiCl - NaCl - KCl 0,8-2,6( , , .
KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 [ 18 ] . 2.2, - NN2 3.
C , .
SmCl3, Na2SmCl5, K3SmCl6, K2SmCl5, KSm2Cl7, KNa3Sm2Cl10 ( 478() NaCl - KCl, 560(.
N2
.
t, (C ,
, .% NaClSmCl3KCl K3SmCl6-NaCl 572 32 17 51 K3SmCl6, NaCl KSm2Cl7-NaCl 410 25 50 25 KNa3Sm2Cl10, KSm2Cl7 KNa3Sm2Cl10-NaCl 475 55 30 15 KNa3Sm2Cl10, NaCl KNa3Sm2Cl10-SmCl3 375 33 56 11 KNa3Sm2Cl10, SmCl3
N3
.
-
- , ( , .%堠
NaClSmCl3KCl 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 E1 380 25,6 47,3 27,1K2SmCl5, KSm2Cl7,
KNa3Sm2Cl10 ࠠ E2 370 32,5 53,2 14,3SmCl3, KSm2Cl7, KNa3Sm2Cl10 ࠠ E3 370 36,0 54,0 10,0SmCl3, Na2SmCl5,
KNa3Sm2Cl10 ࠠ P1 422 52,9 35,5 11,6Na2SmCl5. KNa3Sm2Cl10, NaCl (.-) E4 445 49,3 29,4 21,3K2SmCl5, KNa3Sm2Cl10, NaCl (. -) ࠠ P2 460 46,6 26,7 26,7K3SmCl6, K2SmCl5, NaCl (.-) E5 560 33,3 14,0 52,7K3SmCl6, Kl (. -), NaCl (. -)
. 2.2.
KCl - NaCl - SmCl3.
Ag - Sm.
Sm3+ , , . , , Me - Sm ( - ). Ag - Sm, [ 19 ] . 2.3, - N4.
. : Ag3Sm AgSm; 910(, - 960(.
, , 6-49 .% Sm, - , 37-88 .% Sm.
: Ag, Ag3Sm, AgSm, Sm. 0 2 .% Sm Ag3Sm Ag.
N4
.
- -,
(Ѡ , .% 𠠠 ꠠ Ag Sm 1 770 89 11 Ag, Ag3Sm ࠠ 2 760 65 35 Ag3Sm, AgSm ࠠ 3 690 25 75 AgSm, Sm ࠠ Ѡ 775 98 2. - Ag3Sm Ag
Sm, .%
. 2.3.
Ag - Sm.
2.2 () - () .
, [ 20 ].
- : , , , . - , .
. , , , .
[ 15 ] IMeIIIF4 (MeI - Li, Na, K) 3IIIIF6 (I - K, Rb, Cs, NH4). +/3+ 1,43, 3IIIIF6 .
. - - - .
KF - LaF3 KF - NdF3 KF4, [ 21 ]. KF - YF3 KF - GdF3 , 25 % . YF3 GdF3. , K3F6, - Y3+, Gd3+.
. - . , -, F4- F63-.
( , , , ) LiCl - KCl - LnCl3 (Ln - Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb) LnCl63-, LnCl52-, Ln2Cl93-, Ln2Cl7- Ln3Cl10- [ 22 ]. LnCl63- . , LnCl63-, , - .
SmCl3 LiCl - KCl - SmCl3 SmCl63-, [ 23 ]. 15-65% (.) SmCl3 , SmCl63- , SmCl52-. 65% . LiCl - KCl - SmCl3 Sm2Cl7-. - SmCl52- Sm2Cl7- [ 23, 24 ] . , SmCl3 SmCl63-, SmCl52- Sm2Cl7- , Me3SmCl6, Me2SmCl5, MeSm2Cl7 (Me - ).
2.3 , , () - () .
. , Ln3+ - . 4f-, , ; Ce, Pr, Tb. 4f- , , , .
4f- , - : , . , , [ 25 ]. , , , , . , , ..
. , , . , , ScCl3. , , , ; .
̠ . a b ̠ 900(Ѡ [ 26 ] . N5.
N5
a b
x=a+bT .
LnCl3
-a
b(103
. 𠠠 ,(
(900(C),
-1(-1
LaCl3
1,422
3,04
855-960
1,314
CeCl3
1,155
2,74
824-939 1,311 PrCl3 1,247 2,82 773-908 1,291 NdCl3 0,842 2,14 765-926 1,084 SmCl3 1,005 2,39 644-822 1,146 EuCl3 0,963 2,39 625-810 1,189 GdCl3 0,796 1,85 610-883 0,869 TbCl3 0,896 1,94 583-898 0,850 DyCl3 0,963 1,94 642-851 0,783 HoCl3 0,929 1,82 719-931 0,709 ErCl3 1,022 1,87 756-952 0,661 TmCl3 1,027 1,79 794-992 0,584 YbCl3 0,876 1,77 850-960 0,715 LuCl3 1,051 1,69 884-1005 0,470
(. 2.4) , Ln3+ . . : La - Nd, Nd - Gd, Gd - Ho, Ho - Lu ( ). " " [ 27, 28 ], Nd3+, Gd3+, Ho3+. Sm, Eu, Yb , , .
LiCl - KCl - SmCl3 ( ), (() (() [ 29 ]:
x = a + bT ( 1 )
; N6. ((). . 2.5 LiCl - KCl - SmCl3 1050. , 10-15% (.) SmCl3 . 15-65% (.) SmCl3 . . LiCl - KCl - PrCl3 [ 30 ] LiCl - KCl - NdCl3 [ 31 ].
N6
SmCl3,
% . ࠠ b(103 ((x. , ʠ 1 2 3 4 5 (10-2, -1(-1 2,34 -1,465 4,135 0,029 770-1070 8,45 -1,468 3,756 0,007 770-1070 17,71 -1,163 3,098 0,011 770-1070 33,43 -1,470 2,933 0,009 860-1070 46,27 -1,723 3,018 0,012 840-1070 65.96 -1,802 2,858 0,015 820-1070 77,13 -1,879 2,856 0,011 870-1070 87,44 -1,842 2,658 0,009 910-1070 100 -1.768 2,449 0,004 960-1070 ((10-3, /3 2,34 2,136 -0,540 0,009 770-!070 8,45 2,409 -0,638 0,012 770-1070 17,71 2,635 -0,648 0,009 770-1070 33,43 2,886 -0,636 0,009 860-1070 46,27 3,204 -0,714 0,011 840-1070 65,96 3,608 -0,762 0,008 820-1070 77,13 3,828 -0,800 0,010 870-1070 87,44 3,977 -0,783 0,012 910-1070 1 2 3 4 5 ((103, /젠 2,34 134,8 -24,6 0,3 770-1070 8,45 128,9 -28,5 0,6 770-1070 17,71 127,5 -37,3 0,5 770-1070 33,43 154,3 -63,2 0,4 860-1070 46,27 148,0 -56,7 0,6 840-1070 65,96 136.9 -44,7 0,8 820-1070 77,13 147.0 -53,2 0,7 870-1070 87,44 172,9 -77,0 0,6 910-1070 100 218,5 -119,6 0,5 960-1070
. 2.6 LiCl - KCl - SmCl3, 1050 (. . N6). , - . , SmCl3, . LiCl - KCl Li+ SmCl63-. "" Li+ . SmCl3 "" Li+ , Sm3+ , . , . SmCl52-, Sm2Cl7-, .
- ; . Ln - Co Ln - Ni.
Ni Co [ 22 ] - (Ni Co), :
P = K(n ( 2 )
- ; ( - ; n - ; - :
E
K = K0 exp ( ( ) ( 3 )
RT
- ; 0 - ; R - ; - .
( 2 ) , - Ln (M - Co, Ni; Ln - Y, La, Ce, Pr) n 0,5. , . , , 3-5 Co - Ln. . Co - Pr (95(5) Ni - La (54(2)/.
LiCl - KCl , 973 (3-5)(10-3, Sm - 12(10-3 Yb - 38(10-3 /2(.
, () [ 32 ].
Sm - In.. | KCl - LiCl + SmCl2 | Sm - .. ( 4 )
Sm c Zn c [ 33 ]. Sm - In Sm - Bi
Sm(.) + 2In(.) ( SmIn2(.) ( 5 )
Sm(.) + 2Bi(.) ( SmBi2(.) ( 6 )
[ 34 ] SmIn2 SmBi2.
_
SmIn2 (GSm = -258,3 + 130,2(10-3T ( 0,2 (/) ( 7 )
_
SmBi2 (GSm = -247,8 + 71,9(10-3T ( 0,2 (/) ( 8 )
( 7 ), ( 8 ) ( 4 ), .
. 2.4.
.
. 2.5.
LiCl - KCl - SmCl3 1050.
. 2.6.
LiCl - KCl - SmCl3 (=1050).
2.4 .
19. Ce La . , , [ 35 ].
, , .
, (La, Ce, Pr, Nd) [ 36 ]. (Sm, Gd, Dy, Y) . Sm, Eu, Tm Yb , La , .
[ 37 ], Nd Nd - La, Nd - Ce, Nd - Pr, , , 10-70% ( 15-45%) , ((15%) - ( , ), 650-1100( ( 700-900(), 4-10 Da = 100-250 A/2 Dk = 70-700 /2. 80%.
.
[ 38 ], La3+ . . NaCl - KCl - LaCl3 .
(ik, t, ) LiCl - KCl (42 .% Kl) NaCl - KCl (50 .% ) [ 39 ],
850 1000( , ; 900(. CeCl3 10 50% 0 (61,8% ( NaCl - KCl, ik = 9 /2, 900(). CeCl3 30-50%. *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
********************************************************************************************************************************************************** i c , (0,22-0,86 /2) 92 89 81 32 % MgZn Mg3Cd2 - . Mg - Cd .
Zn - Ln [ 22 ], Y, La, Nd, Er, Dy , Sm Yb - , , Ce3+ Ce2+, . , Y, La, Nd, Er, Dy LnCl63-, Sm Yb - LnCl53-, a Ce - CeCl63- CeCl53-.
, , , .
, [ 41 ].
Sm2+ .
Sm - . , KCl - NaCl (, 1010 3,0 /c2().
KCl - NaCl, , , [ 32 ].
( [ 32 ] ) , Sm(II). [ 42 ].
RT [Sm2+]
E*Sm2+/Sm = EpSm(Al) - (( ln (((( ( 9 )
2F aSm(Al)
ESm2+/Sm(Al) - Sm c Al, Sm(Al) - Sm .
:
E*Sm2+/Sm = (-4,412 + 9,70(10-4T)( 0,001, ( 10 )
[ 32, 43 ]. . . .
, .
[ 44 ]:
Sm - In(..) |KCl - NaCl + 3% . SmCl2| Sm - In(. -) ( 11 )
lg X. - 1000/ .
1000 1100 4,67(10-4 1,02(10-3 .%, Ѡ [ 32 ], [ 43 ] - 1,16(10-3, 1,77(10-3 2,95(10-3; 3,87(10-3 .% .
60-70- . PENO , , - LiF ( BaF2) [ 45 ]. 2-4%. Nd, Pr, Gd, Y . t ( 1120(C . , Fe, Co, Mn. Fe - Y, Fe - Dy, Co - Sm, Co - Y, Co - Nd, Co - Dy, Mn - Y, Mn - Gd.
2.5 .
, Sm3+ ; , .
Sm3+ Sm2+ , .
, - (Sm3+ -), Sm3+.
Sm3+ - .
II
.
3.1 .
. , ʠ [ 46 ], , , :
1. , , , ;
2. , .
. , "" 2,3RT/F. , , , , , . , , "" , , 2,3RT/F: - - .
(). , - - , , .
, ( ) , . . ( - ).
, , . . , , . , , , .
() (), (1-4 /) . . () ( ). 10 / 100 /c. .
(I.), - (). , I. (1/2 ( I = I ./2), - Ip (p/2 ( Ip/2).
. . [ 47, 48 ]. , , . () , , , . [ 49 ], [ 50 ]. . , , , . . Sm3+ .
[ 51 ].
.
:
n+ + ne ( Red ( 1 )
. Oxn+ () . Oxn+. Cox(x, t) Red(x, t) x = 0 , , . , ( 1 ) , ( ), Red ( ).
) .
- :
RT I. - I
( = (1/2 ( (( ln ((( ( 2 )
nF I
( 2 ) ; - .
) .
Red, ( 1 ) , , - . Red = 1 (( Red = 1; C Red = 1); :
RT
( = (1/2 ( (( ln (I. - I) ( 3 )
nF
, - . ( 3 ) - .
, , - ( 2 ) ( 3 ) - , , :
I
( - ln ((( , ( - ln (I. - I)
I.- I
, . n, ( 1 ).
.
- .
( 1 ), . , , ( 1 ) Red , , Red .
) .
I - ( :
t > 0, x = 0
COx nF(( - (0)
(( = exp [ (((( ] ( 4 )
CRed RT
(COx (CRed I(t)
DOx ((( = - DRed ((( = (( ( 5 )
(x (x nF
( 4 ) , ( 5 ) , Ox Red . :
( = (i ( Vt ( 6 )
V- (/).
, - .
. I - ( :
nF nF
I = nFC0 (DOx (( V ( [ (( ( (i - ( ) ] ( 7 )
RT RT
( - , . ( 7 ) ( ) :
F3/2
Ip = 0,446 (((( n3/2 COx D1/2Ox V1/2 ( 8 )
R1/2T1/2
(p :
RT
(p = (1/2 ( 1,109 (( ( 9 )
nF
, - . ( (/2 :
RT
(p/2 - (p = (2,22 (( ( 10 )
nF
( 10 ) n, ( 1 ).
) .
( 1 ) 1, ( 4 ), t > 0; x = 0 :
nF nFvt
COx(0,t) = exp [ (( ((i - (0) exp (- ((( ) ] ( 11 )
RT RT
, I - ( :
2n3/2F3/2D1/2 OxCOxv1/2 nFvt
Ip = (((((((((( ( ( (( ) ( 12 )
(1/2R1/2T1/2 RT
:
RT RT
(p = (0 ( (( ln Cox ( 0,854 (( ( 13 )
nF nF
, - .
. , :
() - (Ep) = 2,22( (0,029RT/nF ) ( 14 )
.
i i , :
i = i + i = Cd dE/dt + i ( 15 )
1 / . . , : , , , .
3.2 .
. , . (1) (2) .
1. .
, :
Ox + ne ( Red
kf ( 16 )
Red + Z ( Ox
( ) [ 52 ], [ 53 ]. , . .
. . -, kf/a , ( 17 ) ( 18 ) .
1 (
((at) = ( ( (-1)j+1 (kf / a) + j exp [ (-jnF/RT) (E - E1/2) ] ( 17 )
( j=1
1 (
((at) = ( ( (-1)j+1 j exp [ (-jnF/RT) (E - E1/2) ] ( 18 )
( j=1
, kf/a, 堠 ( 17 ) :
1 (
((at) = ( ( (-1)j+1 kf / a exp [ (-jnF/RT) (E - E1/2) ] ( 19 )
( j=1
ࠠ kf , a ( 20 ).
i = nFAC0* (D0a ((at) ( 20 )
( 19 ) :
nFA Dkf C0*
i = ((((((((((( ( 21 )
nF
1+ exp [ (( (E - E1/2) ]
RT
. ; kf/a , , 1/2. , 堠 ( 20 ) , [ 52 ]:
i = nFAC0* Dkf ( 22 )
, ( 19 ), kf/a .
.
( 24 ) , , ( ( 23 ) ).
L(0) 1 at 1 dL(at)
((at) = (( + ( ( ((( [ (((]at=Z dZ ( 23 )
( at ( 0 at-Z d(at)
at X(Z)dZ at e-(kf/a)(at-Z)((Z)dZ
1 - ( ((((( = eSa((at) ( ((((((((( ( 24 )
0 at-Z 0 at-Z
[ 52 ]. , , ( ); . 3.1. ((at), , .
((at) kf/a . , (kf/a)1/2 (. 3.2). kf/a, 1,0, , ( 21 ) ( 22 ). kf/a, 0,06, ik/id kf/a. , kf/a .
. kf/a kf/a : 28,5/n 1/2 . kf/a 1/2 60/n ( kf/a), kf/a, 1,0, . , kf/a ( [ 53 ] ), , . ( 21 ), kf/a 10, , ( ), kf/a . kf/a . 3.3.
.
35/n , ( ) kf/a.
. kf/a - 1,0 - , , , .
, .
2. .
,
k
Ox + ne ( Red
kf ( 25 )
Red + Z ( Ox
. , , , . .
, . kf/b ( 26 ) :
1 ( j-1
((bt) = ( ( (-1)j+1 [ ( ()j/ ( (kf/b)+i ] x
( j=1 i=1
j(naF RT (Db
x exp [ - ((( ( E - E0 + ((( ln ((() ] ( 26 )
RT (naF ks
1 (
((bt) = ( ( (-1)j+1 ( ( )j kf/b x
( j=1
j(naF RT (Db RT kf
x exp [ - ((( (E - E0 + ((( ln ((( + ((( ln (() ] ( 27 )
RT (naF ks (naF (a
kf b.
, , ( 27 ):
nFAC0* Dkf / i = 1 +
(naF RT (Db RT kf
+ exp [ (( ( E - E0 + ((( ln ((( + ((( ln (( ) ] ( 28 )
RT (naF ks (naF (a
kf/b . 3.4, ((bt), kf/b (na.
, . , , . . 3.2. , ik/id kf/b 0,06.
kf/b . . 3.3.
. 3.1. . 3.2.
堠
(
젠 ;
). 1: (= kf/a
2: (= kf/b
. 3.3. ,
ꠠ . 3.4.
- ;
1: (= kf/a; -
(Ep/2 - E1/2) ).
2: (= kf/b
(Ep/2 - E0)(na+ (E - E0)(na+(RT/F)ln (Db/ks
+(RT/F)ln (Db/ks
3.3 , .
-50-1. I - ( x - y 4-003.
, . ( - - ).
565-001-02. . -150. , (1(.
(. 3.5) . -200.
3.4 .
SmCl3 Nal - KCl , . 3.5.
(1) (2), (3) . (4) (5). (6) (7). , (8) (9), (10), (11), (12), (13).
(14).
(15), (16).
.
. . 0,5 , ( 0,18 2). [ 54-56 ] .
, (17).
. 3.5.
.
1- ; 2- ; 3- ; 4- ; 5- ; 6- ; 7- ; 8- ; 9- ; 10- ; 11- ; 12- ; 13- ; 14- ; 15- ; 16- ; 17- .
3.5
.
, , , . . , . : , , , ( 250() (V) , , ( 800 - 850() .
.
. 3.6.
. 3.6.
.
1- ; 2,2(- ; 3- ; 4,5- (V); 6- ; 7- ; 8- ; 9- ; 10- ; 11- .
3.6 .
SmCl3 .
, - . . .
Sc, Y . , , :
1) [ 57-59 ]:
700(C
Ln2O3 + 6HF ( 2LnF3 + 3H2O ( 28 )
2) [ 57, 58, 60, 2, 4, 1, 61 ]:
300(C
Ln2O3 + 6NH4HF2 ( 2LnF3 + 6NH4F + 3H2O ( 29 )
3) , [ 57-59, 62-65 ]
MeF3(xH2O ( MeF3 + xH2O ( 30 )
(x= 0,5(1) (300(C 600( HF)
[ 66 ], . ClF3 800( [ 67 ], La Sm , (Eu2O3 - Er2O3) , Tm Lu .
[ 68 ], Sc, Y, La Sm Gd HF 225( .
, , Hl, , [ 69-74 ], , .
CCl4 [ 75-77 ], CCl4 Cl2 [ 78-80 ], [ 81,82 ], Cl2 [ 79, 80, 83-85 ],HCl [ 86, 87 ], [ 88 ], PCl5 [ 86, 89 ], NH4Cl [ 90-93 ] [ 94, 95 ], [ 96-98 ] Cl2 .
, HCl [ 99-104 ], [ 102 ], [ 105 ] , [ 106 ], NH4Cl [ 107 ] [ 98, 108 ].
( HCl ) HCI NH4Cl NH4Cl . HCl [ 101 ] 80-400(; , , . [ 109 ] La Er Cl2 - CCl4 400-450(.
HCl [ 110 ], [ 111 ] [ 112 ] .
, LnCl3, ( ), , , , , - Cl2 CCl4 Cl2, .
HCl ((40 . . .) 400().
NH4Cl HCl . NH4Cl, . 190( ( Pr6O11, CeO2, Tb4O7) NH4Cl, :
Ln2O3 + 6NH4Cl ( 2LnCl3 + 3H2O + 6NH3 ( 31 )
NH4Cl 300-350( . 85-95% [ 113 ].
SmCl3 , NH4Cl. :
Sm2O3 + 6NH4Cl ( 2SmCl3 + 3H2O + 6NH3 ( 32 )
m(Sm2O3)= 5㠠 ((Sm2O3)= 0,014
m(NH4Cl)= 9,22㠠 ((NH4Cl)= 0,172
3 200(, 350( NH4Cl, SmCl3 .
, [ 98, 108 ].
III
- .
Sm3+ . . . , . KCl - NaCl 973. = 423-473 .
4.1 .
. 4.1 KCl - NaCl .
1 . , - .
5(10-5 /3 : -(1,7-1,9), - -(2,0-2,1). SmCl3 , .
. 4.2 0,01 0,5 /. 2,12(10-4 /3. V > 0,05 /. . V; .
. 4.3 - 4.5 KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 (1,33-1,743)(10-4 /3 0,1 0,5 /. , .
, -(2,2-2,3), , : - -(2,1-2,2); - -(1,8-1,9). , - . SmCl3 . , .
, , , . 4.5, , .
4.2 .
. 4.6 KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 SmCl3 0,495 2,97(10-4 /3 0,1 /. , 5(10-5 /3 -(1,55-1,8). SmCl3 (2(10-4 /3 , .
. 4.7 SmCl3 (0,495-2,57)(10-4 /3; V = 0,1 /. , -(0,4-0,6), SmCl3 .
4.3 - - .
. 4.8 KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 ( 1 ) (C(SmCl3) = 1,743(10-4 /3; V = 0,1 /) - NaF. , F- - (8(10-5 /3 ( C(SmCl3) : C(NaF)= 2:1) ; . , .
. 4.9 KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 ( 1 ) . , F- - .
. 4.1.
KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 ; =973, V=0,1 /; S. = 0,08 2.
1 - ; (SmCl3), /3(104: 2 - 0,854; 3 - 1,33; 4 - 2,12.
. 4.2.
KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 ; =973, (SmCl3)=2,12(10-4 /3; S. = 0,08 2.
V, /: 1 - 0,01; 2 - 0,02; 3 - 0,05; 4 - 0,1; 5 - 0,2; 6 - 0,5.
. 4.3.
KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 ; =973; (SmCl3)=1,33(10-4 /3; V=0,1 /; S. = 0,09 2.
1 - ; -(, : 2 - 2,4; 3 - 2,25.
. 4.4.
KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 ; =973; (SmCl3)=1,743(10-4 /3; V=0,2 /; S. = 0,09 2.
-(, : 1 - 2,3; 2 - 2,5.
. 4.5.
KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 ; =973; (SmCl3)=1,743(10-4 /3; V=0,5 /; S. = 0,09 2.
-(, : 1 - 2,4; 2 - 2,15; 3 - 2,1.
. 4.6.
KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 ; =973, V=0,1 /; S. = 0,057 2 ( 4, 6, 7); S. = 0,076 2 ( 1, 2, 3, 5).
1 - ; (SmCl3), /3(104: 2 - 0,495; 3 - 1,115; 4 - 1,33; 5 - 1,743; 6 - 2,12; 7 - 2,97.
. 4.7.
KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 ; =973; C(SmCl3)= (0,495 - 2,97)(10-4 /3; V=0,1 /; S. = 0,057 2 ( 4, 6, 7); S. = 0,076 2 ( 1, 2, 3, 5).
1 - ; -(, : 2 - 1,8; 3 - 2,3; 4 - 2,1; 5 - 2,3; 6 - 2,1; 7 - 2,2.
. 4.8.
KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 NaF; =973; V=0,1 /; S. = 0,09 2.
1 - (SmCl3)=1,743(10-4 /3; C(NaF), /3(104: 2 - 0,87; 3 - 1,74.
. 4.9.
KCl - NaCl - SmCl3 NaF; =973; V=0,1 /; S. = 0,076 2.
1 - (SmCl3)=1,743(10-4 /3; C(NaF), /3(104: 2 - 0,87; 3 - 1,74; 4 - 8,29.
4.4 Sm3+- .
- . , SmCl3 . n, . . N7, - . N8.
N7
C(SmCl3), /3(104V,
/i, /2
-(k,
B-(/1/2k,
B0,4950,198,06
1,850
-
1,7430,1
0,252,78
82,50
1,955
1,9481,895
1,8752,120,01
0,02
0,05
0,1
0,29,38
21,88
37,50
68,31
97,491,865
1,870
1,880
1,880
1,890-
1,830
1,830
1,820
1,830
2,970,1
0,268,75
115,631,965
1,9551,910
1,870
N8
C(SmCl3), /3(104V,
/i, /2
-(k,
B-(/1/2k,
B0,4950,133,55
1,530
-
1,150,1
55,72
1,7051,5601,7430,1
101,981,9401,860
, , ip/V1/2 - V1/2, . 4.10.
- , , 1. , , , . , :
Sm3+ + e ( Sm2+ ( 1 )
2Sm2+ ( Sm3+ + Sm0 ( 2 )
Sm3+ , , :
SmCl63- + 3e ( Sm0 + 6Cl- ( 3 )
( Sm3+ SmCl3 0-15 .% SmCl63- [ 29 ]).
2,3RT/nF, .
. (0,1 / . SmCl3 , .4.11.
-(1,0-1,5), , .
- - (+3):
SmCl63- + xF- ( [SmCl6-xFx]3- + xCl- ( 4 )
x= 0-6.
SmCl63- + 6F- ( SmF63- + 6Cl- ( 5 )
- , .. , :
Sm3+ + 3e ( Sm0 ( 6 ).
. 4.10.
. - Ag.
. 4.11.
SmCl3 . - Pt.
5. .
1. .
2. - .
3. , , . .
4. ; , , .
5. - .
6. .
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