,,,
- . .
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_______________
_______________2008 .
:
1.000000.000
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__________2008. _____________
__________2008. _____________
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: __________2008 . _____________
__________2008 . _____________
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2008
ү
қ ң ң ғ ү қ ә қғ. қ ұғң ү - ө ң ә ң . ү қ ң ң ү қ ү, ү ққ әқ ұ қ, қ ө , ұқ ү ә ққ қ қ ң. ң қ ң ң , ұ қ қ . ұ ң ұғққ ұғ қ ұғ . ң ә қ . ә ң ңғ құ ү ң ғ ү.
қ ә әқ қ ғ, ә қ .
. . , .., , , .. , .. ( ). . , , .
, , .
The annotation
Now mirror aerials are the most widespread sharpdirected aerials in decimeter and especially in a centimetric range. Mirrors of the parabolic form of a surface are mainly used such mirrors as the paraboloid of rotation and the parabolic cylinder. Their wide application in the diversified radiosystems speaks simplicity of a design, an opportunity of reception of various kinds of the diagram of an orientation., high efficiency, small noisy in temperature, good band properties, etc. In radar-tracking applications mirror aerials allow to receive easily equal of signal zone, suppose simultaneous formation of several diagram of an orientation. The general mirror (including total and difference). Some types of mirror aerials can provide fast enough a beam in significant angular sector. Mirror aerials are the most widespread type of aerials in space communication and radio astronomy, and by means of mirror aerials it manages to create huge antenna constructions with an effective surface of the aperture, measured thousand square meters.
In it the energy which has got in the aerial of radiowaves will concentrate. Development of methodical instructions in the given area will help students to raise the knowledge and to use them in practice using development created earlier, improving them, and thinking out new.
|
. |
|
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|
2 |
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. . |
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|
80 |
|
|
1 ................................................................................................... 4
2 ............................................. 8
2.1 .................................................... 8
2.2 .............................................................. 10
3 ....................................................................................... 13
3.1 ............. 14
3.2 ......... 16
3.3. ....................................... 19
3.4 , .......................... 24
3.5 ........................... 33
3.6 ................................ 36
4 ........................................................................... 39
4.1 ............................................ 39
4.2 ............... 39
4.3 ............................ 40
4.4 ..................................... 45
4.5 ............................................................ 47
4.6
............................................................... 50
5 ................................................................................... 52
5.1 ...................................... 52
5.2 .................................................... 53
5.3 ......................................... 54
|
. |
|
. |
|
3 |
|
1.000000.000 |
|
|
5.5 ............................................. 56
5.6 ................................................................ 59
5.7 .................................. 69
6 ............................................................................ 61
6.1 ....................... 61
6.2 ............................................................... 63
6.3 ............ 64
7 ............................................ 69
7.1 ......................................................... 69
7.2 ................................................ 70
7.3 ..................................................... 70
7.4 ................................................... 71
7.5 .............................. 72
7.6 ....................................... 73
7.7 ............................... 74
7.8 ...................................... 75
7.9 .................... 78
................................................................................................... 79
...................................................................................... 80
1
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4 |
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2.1
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2.1.1 -
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9 |
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1.000000.000 |
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10 |
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2.2.1 -
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11 |
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12 |
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2.2.3 -
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2.2.4 -
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13 |
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1.000000.000 |
3
|
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14 |
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3.1
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15 |
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1.000000.000 |
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(3.1)
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. |
|
16 |
|
1.000000.000 |
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3.2
. 0,815l
(3.5)
v/c ( c/v, , v )
d = (dmax + dmin) /2, (3.6)
dmax = l / Öp(e - 1)
dmin = l / Ö2,5 p(e - 1)
|
. |
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. |
|
17 |
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1.000000.000 |
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e 2,50.
3.2.1 - v/c e d/l
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(3.7)
E H :
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. |
|
. |
|
18 |
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1.000000.000 |
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|
(3.8)
(3.9)
2θ0,5=1,10
3.1 - ψ
|
ψ |
64 |
55 |
52 |
45 |
35 |
30 |
25 |
20 |
15 |
10 |
5 |
2 |
0 |
|
|
FE(ψ) |
0.037 |
0.038 |
0 |
-0.137 |
-0.119 |
0 |
0.166 |
0.331 |
0.445 |
0.555 |
0.62 |
0.639 |
0.642 |
|
|
FH(ψ) |
0.085 |
0.085 |
0.015 |
-0.166 |
-0.165 |
-0.03 |
0.145 |
0.318 |
0.461 |
0.563 |
0.623 |
0.639 |
0.642 |
|
|
. |
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19 |
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1.000000.000 |
3.2.1 - -
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2. ( ).
).
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20 |
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21 |
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22 |
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23 |
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24 |
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1.000000.000 |
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(3.23)
3.1 - .. ψ
|
θ |
20 |
18 |
16 |
14 |
12 |
10 |
8 |
6 |
4 |
2 |
0 |
|
F(θ) |
0.037 |
0.038 |
0.038 |
0.037 |
0 |
0.077 |
0.176 |
0.391 |
0.511 |
0,543 |
0,549 |
3.4 , .
:
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- , - .
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25 |
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26 |
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27 |
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28 |
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1.000000.000 |
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(3.38)
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29 |
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30 |
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1.000000.000 |
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()
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S = pr02 (3.42)
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(3.43)
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31 |
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1.000000.000 |
L0 R l,
L0=16π2R2 / λ2 (3.44)
(3.45)
. 3.4.1 k r0 /f ( f - )
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32 |
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1.000000.000 |
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3.4.1 - r0 / f.
, r0 / f = 1,3 k , , . r0 / f = 1,3, k 0,83. r0 / f . , , . r0 / f. . :
r0 / f=0,25/0,2=1,25,
:
k=0,82
G D S l . ( ):
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33 |
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1.000000.000 |
G = 4p S / l2 , (3.46)
S = hpD2/4, h - , , , . , ,
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9 . : , ( ).
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3.5
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34 |
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1.000000.000 |
3.5.1 - .
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35 |
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1.000000.000 |
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.
(j, ) , :
j = 69l/D (3.48)
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36 |
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1.000000.000 |
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3.6.1 -
:
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37 |
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H:
(3.50)
E:
(3.51)
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39 |
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4.1
1. , .
2. () , . (. 3.1) , 2R. , , , . f F .
4.1.1 -
4.2.1 . . , θ. , . , , , . .
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4.3
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2) λ/2R, ;
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4.3.3 -
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(4.1)
θ , k = 2π/λ , J1() x, λ . L1(x) 3.8.
()
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S = pR2 ; n () , ( , ). n R/f, 4.3.4.
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4.3.5
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(4.4)
Γ(z) - , . ,
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4.4.1 Jα(x) α = 0,1,2
α , Jα(x) J − α(x) , , . α , :
(4.5)
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5.1
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- to .
to , .. , t . 88 , .. t = 88 .
- , - t . t = 44 .
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1.000000.000 |
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5.1.
5.1
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25000 |
142 |
88 |
12496 |
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25000 |
142 |
44 |
6248 |
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5.3
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=0,2∙18744=3748,8 .
=+ (5.2)
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55 |
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1.000000.000 |
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1 |
160 |
160 |
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2 |
100 |
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5 |
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5.5
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56 |
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1.000000.000 |
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t -
= ∙ t. (5.3)
t = t+ t. (5.4)
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t = 88+ 44 =132 .
= /, (5.5)
;
, /.
IBM-
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57 |
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1.000000.000 |
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, =8 ;
N N =365 ;
N N =112 ;
N N =52;
4 .
= 8(365-112)- 52∙4=1816 .
= + + , (5.7)
, /;
,
, /;
, /.
=∙, (5.8)
, ;
, 12,2 %.
=45000∙0,122=5490 /.
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58 |
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1.000000.000 |
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1 ∙ ;
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5%
= 0,05∙ 45000=2250 .
(5.6)
= 5490 + 4686 +2250 =12426 .
- (5.5)
= 12426/ 1816=6,84 /.
= ∙ t, (5.10)
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59 |
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1.000000.000 |
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5.6
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6248 .
5.7
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13% . .. 1-6 5.3. . 30% . , 13% .
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5260 |
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18744 |
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3. |
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3744,8 |
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4. |
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902,88 |
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2923,5 |
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6. |
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6248 |
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37823,18 |
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63 |
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- P(t);
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65 |
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1.000000.000 |
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li.
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Ai - , (,), ():
(6.4)
Ki, - , , , (i) ( g ):
Ki = f(g,j)
|
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|
66 |
|
1.000000.000 |
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Ai, , . 6.1
6.1 -
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l0*10-6, |
|
ai |
l0*ai |
l0*ai*Ni*10-6 |
||
|
|
tC |
|||||||
|
1 |
70 |
0,7 |
40 |
1 |
50 |
50 |
||
|
2 |
0,48 |
0,7 |
90 |
0,5 |
0,24 |
0,48 |
||
|
|
1 |
10 |
0,7 |
60 |
1 |
10 |
10 |
|
|
1 |
0,5 |
0,7 |
70 |
0,5 |
0,25 |
0,25 |
||
|
|
1 |
50 |
0,8 |
60 |
1 |
40 |
40 |
|
|
|
1 |
10 |
0,7 |
40 |
1 |
10 |
10 |
|
|
|
1 |
5 |
0,7 |
60 |
1,4 |
7 |
7 |
|
|
6 |
0,09 |
0,6 |
70 |
0,6 |
1,02 |
0,324 |
||
|
8 |
0,5 |
0,7 |
80 |
2,5 |
1,25 |
10 |
||
|
8 |
0,4 |
0,5 |
80 |
2,5 |
1 |
8 |
||
|
2 |
2,4 |
0,7 |
40 |
0,5 |
1,2 |
2,4 |
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: |
lS= |
168,454 |
||||||
:
|
. |
|
. |
|
67 |
|
1.000000.000 |
|
|
:
=1/(168,454*10-6)= 5936,3 1
-, , , .
, . , .
t1=1,5, t2=0,1 , t3=0,3.
= 1,5+ 0,1+ 0,3=1,9 .
(m):
m=1/TB (6.6)
:
=1/1,9=0,52
:
=l/(l+m) (6.7)
=168,454* 10-6/(168,454-6+0,52)=0,0002
t :
=(-t/T) (6.8)
(. . 6.2)
|
. |
|
. |
|
68 |
|
1.000000.000 |
|
t |
0 |
10 |
100 |
1000 |
10000 |
100000 |
1000000 |
|
P(t) |
1 |
0,999 |
0,988 |
0,885 |
0,294 |
0,0000004 |
0 |
|
. |
|
. |
|
69 |
|
1.000000.000 |
. , .. , , . , , . , .
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) .
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, .
, .
7.2
|
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|
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|
70 |
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1.000000.000 |
, :
;
;
;
;
;
;
.
7.3
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L=1,4 H , (7.2)
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f - .
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1. .. - - .: , 1977.-440 .
2. .., .., .. - - .: , 1989. - 352 .
3. . ., . . - . ┠ .: , 1974. 368 .
4. ..
-.: , 1978. - 430 .
/ . . ..
- . - .: , 1966.- 648 .
5. .. - ┠ .- .,1986. -68.
6. .. - .: , 1957. - 648 .
7. .. ה -.: , 1972.- 320 .
8. .., .. . -.: , 1985. -536 .
9. . ., . ., . ., . .: , 1971. 2- .
10. .., .., .. / . 2 . " " 1995. -130.
11. .., .., ., ה - .: 1993 48 .
12. .., .., .., - . .: . , 1974. 536 .
13. .., .., - .: , 1996 648 .
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15. .., .., .. : , , ..; .: , 1985 384 ., . .: 2. 40000 .
16. . ., . . - . . .: , 1974. 368 .
17. . ., . ., . . .: , 1969.
18. . . . .: ,1976. 216 .
19. .. . .: , 1972.
20. .. .. . .: , 1984.
21. .., .. . - . .: , 1996.
- . . " " _______________
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