,,,
-
:
8
:
..
_____________2004 .
:
317
_____________2004 .
_____________2004 .
2004 .
.
1.3
2.8
310
413
1 (8)
:
. 1 . , 1 . , , , .
, .
1 | () | ||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 1 | |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 2 | |
31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 3 | |
41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 4 | |
51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 5 | |
1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
. | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 41 |
1 | 1,5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
. | 42 | 43 | 44 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1,5 | 4 | 6500 | 4000 | 11000 | 4500 | 4500 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
1 | 2 | 1,5 | 1 |
:
:
x1 1- ();
x2 2- ();
x3 3- ();
x4 4- ()
L - ,
L= 1x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4 = x1+ 2x2 + 1,5x3 + x4 → max
:
1,5x1 + x2 + 2x3+ x4 £ 6500;
x1 + 2x2 + 0x3+2x4 £ 4000;
4x1 + 5x2 + 5x3+4x4 £11000;
2x1 + x2 +1,5x3+0x4 £ 4500;
x1 + 2x2 +1,5x3+4x4 £ 4500.
, :
1,5x1 + x2 + 2x3+ x4 + x5 = 6500;
x1 + 2x2 + 0x3+2x4 + x6= 4000;
4x1 + 5x2 + 5x3+4x4 + x7=11000;
2x1 + x2 +1,5x3+0x4 + x8 =4500;
x1 + 2x2 +1,5x3+4x4 + x9 =4500.
, x1, x2, x3, x4 - , x5, x6, x7, x8, x9 - ( 1, ). , :
x5 = 6500 (1,5x1 + x2 + 2x3+ x4 );
x6 = 4000 ( x1 + 2x2 + 0x3+2x4);
x7 =11000 - ( 4x1 + 5x2 + 5x3+4x4);
x8 =4500 ( 2x1 + x2 +1,5x3+0x4);
x9 =4500 ( x1 + 2x2 +1,5x3+4x4)
L=0 (- x1- 2x2 - 1,5x3 - x4)
-:
, .. .
, , x1, , ( x8).
A |
|||||
L |
0 2250 |
-1 0,5 |
-2 0,5 |
-1,5 2 |
-1 0 |
6500 -3375 |
1,5 -0,75 |
1 -0,75 |
2 -3 |
1 0 |
|
4000 -2250 |
1 -0,5 |
2 -0,5 |
0 -2 |
3 0 |
|
11000 -9000 |
4 -2 |
5 -2 |
5 -8 |
4 0 |
|
x8 |
4500 2250 |
2 0,5 |
1 0,5 |
4 2 |
0 0 |
x9 |
4500 -2250 |
1 -0,5 |
2 -0,5 |
1,5 -2 |
4 0 |
A |
x8 | ||||
L |
2250 1000 |
0,5 -1 |
-1,5 0,5 |
0,5 -1,5 |
-1 2 |
3125 -500/3 |
-0,75 1/6 |
0,25 -1/12 |
-1 0,25 |
1 -1/3 |
|
1750 -1000 |
-0,5 1 |
1,5 -0,5 |
-2 1,5 |
3 -2 |
|
2000 2000/3 |
-2 -2/3 |
3 1/3 |
-3 -1 |
4 4/3 |
|
2250 -1000/3 |
0,5 1/3 |
0,5 -1/6 |
2 0,5 |
0 -2/3 |
|
x9 |
2250 -1000 |
-0,5 1 |
1,5 -0,5 |
-0,5 1,5 |
4 -2 |
x9
A |
x8 | ||||
L |
3250 250 |
-0,5 0,5 |
0,5 -0,5 |
-1 1 |
1 2 |
8875/3 187,5 |
-7/12 0,375 |
-1/12 -0,375 |
-0,75 0,75 |
2/3 1,5 |
|
750 125 |
0,5 0,25 |
-0,5 -0,25 |
-0,5 0,5 |
1 1 |
|
2000/3 250 |
-2/3 0,5 |
1/3 -0,5 |
-1 1 |
4/3 2 |
|
5750/3 -625 |
5/6 -1,25 |
-1/6 1,25 |
2,5 -2,5 |
-2/3 -5 |
|
x9 |
250 250 |
0,5 0,5 |
-0,5 -0,5 |
1 1 |
2 2 |
A |
x8 | x9 | |||
L | 3500 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
18875/6 | -5/24 | -11/24 | 0,75 | 13/6 | |
875 | 0,75 | -0,75 | 0,5 | 2 | |
2750/3 | -1/6 | -1/6 | 1 | 10/3 | |
3875/3 | -5/12 | 13/12 | -2,5 | -17/3 | |
250 | 0,5 | -0,5 | 1 | 2 |
, , , .
, =0, =3875/3, =2750/3, =250, L=3500.
: 1,2,3 3875/3 , 2750/3 , 250 , 3500().
2 (28)
:
: Q=CTx Ax ³ £B,
CT = [ c1 c2 . . . c6 ]T , T = [ b1 b2 . . . b6 ]T ,
XT = [ x1 x2 . . . x6]T , = [aij] (i=1,6; j=1,3).
. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | b1 | b2 | b3 | a11 | a12 | a13 | a14 | ||||
1 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
28 | -6 | 0 | 1 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 3 | = | = | = | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
. | a15 | a16 | a21 | a22 | a23 | a24 | a25 | a26 | a31 | a32 | a33 | a34 | a35 | a36 | . |
1. 34 | 1 | 0 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | max |
:
:
4 x1 + x2 + x3+2x4 + x5 =8;
2x1 - x2 +x4=2;
x1 + x2+x5=3
L= -6x1+ x3 -x4 -x5 → max
x2, x4 , x1, x3, x5 - . , -:
x5 =2-(1,5x2 -0,5 x4);
x3 =6-(1,5x2 +0,5 x4);
x1=1-(-0,5x2+0,5x4)
L=-2-(3x2- x4) → max
-:
x4,.. , , ( x1). x4 x1
b |
x2 | x4 | ||
L |
-2 2 |
3 -1 |
-1 2 |
|
x1 |
1 2 |
-0,5 -1 |
0,5 2 |
1/0,5=2 |
6 -1 |
1,5 0,5 |
0,5 -1 |
6/0,5=12 | |
2 1 |
1,5 -0,5 |
-0,5 1 |
b |
x2 | x1 | |
L | 0 | 2 | 2 |
x4 | 2 | -1 | 2 |
5 | 2 | -1 | |
3 | 1 | 1 |
, .. .
, x1= x2=0, x3 =5, x4=2, x5 =3, L=0.
: x1= x2=0, x3 =5, x4=2, x5 =3, L=0.
3 (8)
:
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
. | 1 | 2 | 3 | b1 | b2 | b3 | b4 | b5 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
8 | 200 | 200 | 600 | 200 | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 25 | 21 | 20 |
14 | 15 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 |
50 | 18 | 15 | 30 | 32 | 25 | 40 | 23 | 40 | 10 | 12 | 21 |
:
. - :
B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | ai | |
A1 |
25 200 |
21 | 20 | 50 | 18 | 200 |
A2 | 15 |
30 200 |
32 | 25 | 40 | 200 |
A3 | 23 |
40 100 |
10 200 |
12 100 |
21 200 |
600 |
bj | 200 | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 1000 |
r=m+n-1=6.
, () :
r =6, å ai=å bj=1000, , , .
L=25*200+30*200+40*100+10*200+12*100+21*200=22400
.
1) (1;1)-(1;2)-(2;2)-(2;1)
: j=15-30+21-25=-19<0
B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | ai | |
A1 | 25 |
21 200 |
20 | 50 | 18 | 200 |
A2 |
15 200 |
30 | 32 | 25 | 40 | 200 |
A3 | 23 |
40 100 |
10 200 |
12 100 |
21 200 |
600 |
bj | 200 | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 1000 |
L=21*200+15*200+40*100+10*200+12*100+21*200=18600
2) (2;1)-(2;2)-(3;2)-(3;1)
j=-15+30+23-40=-2<0
B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | ai | |
A1 | 25 |
21 200 |
20 | 50 | 18 | 200 |
A2 |
15 100 |
30 100 |
32 | 25 | 40 | 200 |
A3 |
23 100 |
40 |
10 200 |
12 100 |
21 200 |
600 |
bj | 200 | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 1000 |
L=21*200+15*100+30*100+23*100+10*200+12*100+21*200=18400
:
α1=0, βj = cij αi ( ).
, Δij = cij (αi+ βj) ≥ 0
, Δij =0 .
:
B1=6 | B2=21 | B3=-7 | B4=-5 | B5=4 | ai | |
A1=0 | 25-6>0 |
21-21=0 200 |
20+7>0 | 50+5>0 | 18-4>0 | 200 |
A2=9 |
15-9-6=0 100 |
30-21-9=0 100 |
32-9+7>0 | 25+5-9>0 | 40-4-9>0 | 200 |
A3=17 |
23-17-6=0 100 |
40-21-17>0 |
10+7-17=0 200 |
12+5-17=0 100 |
21-4-17=0 200 |
600 |
bj | 200 | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 1000 |
, , .. Δij > 0 Δij =0 .
:
L=18400
:
B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | ai | |
A1 | 25 |
21 200 |
20 | 50 | 18 | 200 |
A2 |
15 100 |
30 100 |
32 | 25 | 40 | 200 |
A3 |
23 100 |
40 |
10 200 |
12 100 |
21 200 |
600 |
bj | 200 | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 1000 |
4 (53)
:
F = c11x12+c22x22+c12x1x2+b1x1+b2x2
:
a11x1+a12x2<=>p1
a21x1+a22x2<=>p2.
1. () () .
2. .
3. -.
4. - .
5. .
b1 | b2 | c11 | c12 | c22 | extr | a11 | a12 | a21 | a22 | p1 | p2 |
. 1 2 |
||
53 | 6 | 1,5 | -2 | -4 | 1 | max | 2,5 | -1 | 3 | 2,5 | 7 | 13 | ³ | ³ |
:
:
F= -2x12-x22-4x1x2+6x1+1,5x2→max
g1(x) g2(x): 2,5x1-x2³7 2,5x1-x27³0
3x1+2,5x2³13 3x1+2,5x2-13³0
1) , (10, 20):
→
2) ,
F11 (10, 20) = -4 < 0
F12 (10, 20)=-4
F21 (10, 20)=-4
F22 (10, 20)=-2
F11 F12 -4 -4
F21 F22 -4 -2
.. ,
3) :
L(x,u)=F(x)+u1g1(x)+u2g2(x)=-2x12-x22-4x1x2+6x1+1,5x2+u1 (2,5x1-x27)+ u2 (3x1+2,5x2-13).
, -:
i=1;2
, :
:
:
:
6-4x1-4x2+2,5u1+3u2 <0
1,5-4x1-2x2-u1+2,5u2 <0
2,5x1-x27³0
3x1+2,5x213³0
4)
V={v1,v2}≥0; W={w1,w2}≥0
, :
6-4x1-4x2+2,5u1+3u2 + v1=0
1,5-4x1-2x2-u1+2,5u2 + v2=0
2,5x1-x27- w1=0
3x1+2,5x213- w2=0
- v1=6-4x1-4x2+2,5u1+3u2
- v2=1,5-4x1-2x2-u1+2,5u2
w1=2,5x1-x27
w2=3x1+2,5x213
, :
- .
5) .
Y={y1; y2} 1 2
6-4x1-4x2+2,5u1+3u2 + v1 -y1=0
1,5-4x1-2x2-u1+2,5u2 + v2 -y2=0
2,5x1-x27- w1=0
3x1+2,5x213- w2=0
Y=My1+My2→min
Y=-Y= -My1-My2→max.
1, 2, v1, v2, u1, u2;
y1, y2, w1, w2.
, -:
y1=6-(4x1+4x2-2,5u1-3u2 - v1)
y2=1,5-(4x1+2x2+u1-2,5u2 -v2)
w1=-7-(-2,5x1+x2)
w2=-13-(-3x1-2,5x2)
Y=-Y=-My1-My2=-7,5M-(-8x1-6x2+1,5u1+5,5u2+ v1+v2) M
-. :
-7,5M 4,5M |
-8M 12M |
-6M 3M |
1,5M 3M |
5,5M -7,5M |
M 0 |
M -3M |
|
6 -3 |
4 -8 |
4 -2 |
-2,5 -2 |
-3 5 |
-1 0 |
0 2 |
|
1,5 3/4 |
4 2 |
2 0,5 |
1 0,5 |
-2,5 -5/4 |
0 0 |
-1 -0,5 |
|
-7 -3/4 |
-2,5 -2 |
1 -0,5 |
0 -0,5 |
0 5/4 |
0 0 |
0 0,5 |
|
-13 15/8 |
-3 5 |
-2,5 5/4 |
0 5/4 |
0 -25/16 |
0 0 |
0 -5/4 |
-3M 3M |
4M -4M |
3M -2M |
4,5M -4,5M |
-2M M |
M -M |
-2M 2M |
|
3 3/2 |
-4 -2 |
-2 -1 |
-4,5 -9/4 |
2 0,5 |
-1 -0,5 |
2 1 |
|
3/4 15/8 |
2 -2,5 |
0,5 -5/4 |
0,5 -45/16 |
-5/4 5/8 |
0 -5/8 |
-0,5 5/4 |
|
-31/4 -15/8 |
-4,5 2,5 |
-0,5 5/4 |
-0,5 45/16 |
5/4 -5/8 |
0 5/8 |
0,5 -5/4 |
|
-89/8 75/32 |
2 -25/8 |
5/4 -25/16 |
5/4 -225/64 |
-25/16 25/32 |
0 -25/32 |
-5/4 25/16 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
M 0 |
0 0 |
M 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
|
3/2 77/8 |
-2 -1 |
-1 -3/4 |
-9/4 -37/16 |
0,5 5/8 |
-0,5 -5/8 |
1 3/4 |
|
21/8 77/32 |
-0,5 -1/4 |
-3/4 -3/16 |
-37/16 -37/64 |
5/8 5/32 |
-5/8 -5/32 |
3/4 -3/16 |
|
-77/8 77/16 |
-2 -0,5 |
3/4 -3/8 |
37/16 -37/32 |
-5/8 5/16 |
5/8 -5/16 |
-3/4 3/8 |
|
-281/32 693/128 |
-9/8 -9/16 |
-5/16 -27/64 |
-145/64 -333/256 |
25/32 45/128 |
-25/32 -45/128 |
5/16 27/64 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
M 0 |
0 0 |
M 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
|
89/8 431/18 |
-1 -16/9 |
-7/4 | -73/16 | 9/8 | -9/8 | 7/4 | |
161/32 431/72 |
-1/4 -4/9 |
-15/16 | -185/64 | 25/32 | -25/32 | 9/16 | |
77/16 431/36 |
-0,5 -8/9 |
-3/8 | -37/32 | 5/16 | -5/16 | 3/8 | |
-431/32 431/18 |
-9/16 -16/9 |
-47/64 | -913/256 | 145/128 | -145/128 | 47/64 |
0 | 0 | M | 0 | M | 0 | 0 | |
2525/72 | |||||||
3173/288 | |||||||
2417/144 | |||||||
431/18 |
, =====, =16,785, =11,017, =23,944, =35,07
6) ,, .
: .
.
1) ..
2) .., .. .
- : 8
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