. , , ,

,,,

. , , - " " - , . - " " (Wireless Local Loop, WLL) - , , , , ( ) .

, , . WLL , , (, , ). WLL . - . WLL , . , , , . - . -, , , , , ( ) , . . , .

, .. . 50- . , . , , .. - . . , , , .

- . , .. , , , - , , . 0, , . . , . , .

. -.

1.

1991 , 1993 " " . 1992 NMT 450 GSM-900 . .

() NMT 450 47 GSM-900 - 35. , , : (, , ), 12 NMT 450, GSM-900. , 72 (), .

? 7 , - 38 NMT 450, GSM-900 .

NMT 450 GSM-900 DCS-1800 GSM. 29.09.97 " DCS-1800". 1998 DCS-1800. , - , - -.

AMPS, D-AMPS. 42 128 . . 1995 , . 1996 37,5% 200% .

2. .

: -, , FCN, EXPRESS, -, . 80% -. :

()

(, .)

- ( , , , . .)

( , ).

- :

.

, . , ( , $ 16).

, , , , . : - - - - : - - - ( , , ) - ( ; , , ; ; /, , . .) - (, , .)

.

() , , , . . , , , .

3. ( 17 )

- . , , - FCN, . (1 264 ), FCN - (211 50 ), (536 , LX4 2 000 , a LX 1 - 1500 ), , , 20 ). - . / 500 1000 . / , .. ( 500-800 )

 

1.

. . . - .

2. VESSO-TELECOM

, ( 250 , - 2 600 ). , . (LX4 1 300 275 ) - . ~ 5-10% 1998 1200 - 1600 1.12.98 . - .

3. MULTITONE-DALS

. 1998 . , -, .

4.

.

5. MOBILE TELECOM

. . - . Mobile (250 . ) - .

6. NEDA PAGING

1998 , . " " 180 . , .

7. PAGERCOM

, SAG RDS. 1998 - .

 

8. FCN

1998 5 000 , . - 2 800-3000, . , - 1997 . , , .. FCN ( FLEX 7 - 8 ).

9. EXCOM

( NEDA) . , 1998 . - -. , "" "" , .

10. EXPRESS

(-). ( 149 . 35 ) -. 99 (35 ), . (1 = 374 ), , . - .

II. ( )

1996 . "" . -, "" . - , - .

12. -

.

13.

. 1998 . . - . - ( 10).

. :

MULTITONE-DALS . -.

1998 NEDA PAGING .

FCN -, ( - 20 ).

, , - ( 25 ).

- 550 - 750 (25% - , 70% - , 5% - .)

- , . , .. . - , , ( 3 ).

1999 . 4- 2- - 20 1 - - 18 , 65-75 % .

4. -

c - NMT 450 ( ), GSM-900 ( - GSM) NAMPS ( FORA Communications), DCS-1800 . , , : ; , ( ) - , , ; ; ( , - - - ), ; , , " "; - ; ; . - 150000 - 1:

 


: 1996 1997 , 1998 , , , .

 

4.1. - GSM

- GSM - , . - : "" "", - Telecom Finland (), Telia International AB () Telenor AS (). 51% , - 49%. GSM - ( "") Telecom Finland, "- GSM" 1992 .

- GSM, 17 1993 . 1993 "- GSM" ? 580 GSM - . 14 1994 , 28 1995 . "- GSM" NOKIA. "- GSM" - . GSM - 25.08.94 a . :

17.01.95 <- GSM> , - ( <>)

1995 8000

01.06.96

04.07.96 15 000

12.07.96 2-102-1

13.10.96 20 000

10.12.96 40 MUSD - -. .

1996 "- GSM". , " " - , 1994 12 , 1995 , . 1996 : , .

16.01.97 25 000 - , - 1996 16000

26.06.97 N 7079, 7080, 7081 GSM , . 1997 <- GSM> . , . , < > -. 1997 <- GSM> . . -, . . , 50 . <- GSM> 1998 - . , - .

02.09.97 N 8347 GSM .

50 000

1.05.98 75000

1998 - GSM . SIM , , 235 135 ( ). - ( )- 365 1998 .

- GSM 2:

(), SIM - 135

$15
, + $10

8.00 20.00 (. - )

-頠 GSM . - $0.38 $0.25
$0.25 $0.25

.

" " : 135 + ( , - 250 / ERICSSON 628 / - 1998 ) = 410 .

GSM - . Nokia, Ericsson, Siemens, Sony, Panasonic, Philips, Motorola ... 50 , 20 . 150 1000 .

- GSM - , . , - GSM - , . 50 - GSM , 1 5 . - GSM , , .

, .

, , "" " - " .

GSM - , . , - , .

, : , " " , , , , , . GSM , " ", ( ), - . :

     ;

     , ;

     .

. :

_ ; _ ; _ ; _ . , .

"- GSM" . , (GSM-) : "Voice message received" (" ").

"- GSM" . . 20 ( 5 ). , (GSM-) : "Telefax message received" (" "). .

( GSM)

. , "- GSM", GSM ( ), .

, , , , . , .

/ .

GSM-

GSM- 160 GSM. .

, *1 ( ) (812)329-4777 ( ). .

-

GSM-, D 999777 .

"- GSM" / 9600 . , GSM, / , PCMCIA .

, , , GSM - ( "" - "" Fora 1998 " 10 " 1 1998 ). 1998 - - GSM, . 1998 26 , 1998 1/4 .

"- GSM" , GSM, "- GSM" . . - "". 1997 . GSM, , . , "- GSM" .

"- GSM" - . - 55 . "- GSM" , , , .., .

, "- GSM" -.

4.2. Fora ommunications

- Saint Petersburg Telecom - MOTOROLA 1993 ( 568 23 1993 ). , 1979 AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone Service) - - NAMPS. SPT ( - - GSM), : 1994 1995 800 , , . , - , . - 1995 SPT 2800 . . 1996 . - : (). - , . , "" SPT Motorola system , , , SPT a Motorola system. , : FORA Communications- , Double C, , , , , . 7- . Double C, , , , , . , : - , - - , . - 225 1395 . . - .

1996 ( ). : 8 , - 8 . 2 . : 3500 7500 . , 1997 11500 . , , . . Milicom Internetional Cellular (MIC) - . Milicom Internetional Cellular (MIC) Omni Capital Partners Inc - Motorola Corp ( ) "". .

: 1995- 2800, 1996 - 3500, 1996 - 8800, 1997 - 11000, 1998 - 20000.

- , 8 1997 FORA Communications "" :

3

, -
FORA 20 19 20
FORA 60 29 60
FORA 100 39 100
FORA 250 64 250

, . - , .

" " 8 295 TeleTAC 250 - 159 ( 80 ), 30 1998 " ", (Philips ISIS - 119 ), (80 ), (10 ), (19 + 19 FORA 20) - 255 .

13 119 890 ,

FORA Communications , , -, .

63 , - . .

FORA Communications .

1997 ( ) " FORA", . FORA .

40 , , 50 . 20 , 13 - - 1999 50 % .

- 1998 - 1 , 30% .

4.3.

1991 " ", () US WEST INTERNATIONAL. - . , , ; , NMT-450 (Nordic Mobile Telephone) 10 , ( ) .

: - , - , , , , .

1991, 1992 1993 . , , . ( : ) , .

- , , . (portable) 5 , .. ( hand held) Nokia Benefon. -, .

1500, 1993 2600 . 1500 . .1

() , , 10 (1,5-15) . 15 , . 1. . . (<1% , ). - . 1992-1998. . 2

(MTX -Mobile Telephone Exchange) "" "115" "116", "90". .

NMT-450. (portable) .

, , NT-450 : , , .

, NMT-450 4.

4

NMT-450
( )
-

. , , . . . NMT-450 -SIS (Sybscriber Identification Security). , , .

4.3.1.

(hand held) , . 1994 - NMT-450i . : , , , .

 

4.3.2.

, , - NMT-450, , , 5.

, , SIS (Subscriber Identity Security), . . , SIS , ( ).

SIS - , , :

- ;

- - ;

- , SIS - SIS;

- ;

SIS , . 3:

, NMT-450 :

- , ;

- ( );

- ( ) . , , 5:

NMT-450i ( 1994)

NMT 450I MS PLUS ( 1998 , ** - 1999)

NMT-450 : NMT-450i :
SIS ( 2- )
**
.
"+"
(WLL)
4.3.3.

, , , SIS. . 1995 - () . .

1996 Telecom Finland , , , .. . . 1998 , , , , , , , , , 230 .

, . ( ) - . , , , ( ).

 
, 1992 1 1998 55000 . . 1.


, , , , - .

 

4.3.4.

- "115", "116" "97", "905","906","907". . , , - 1995 91%. ( 57% 1995) .

1992 1998 . 7 . 100% 70% ..

- . 1992-1998. . 2.

 


, .

, 30% , , , (<5%). (hnd held) , , . , , . 100% .

:

- ;

- ;

- HP9000 ;

- " " , - /.

 

5.

. :

     ;

     , ;

     ;

     ;

     , ;

     , - ;

     ;

     - SIS;

     NMT 450 MS PLUS;

     :

     , ;

     ;

     NMT-450;

     ;

     :

     , ;

     (customer service);

" " 1991 . NMT-450 - , 230 10 .

" " (70 % - 90% ). 37% 28% - . , , . - . , , , . - , - " ". - , . Nokia 10 - Nokia. , , - . . , - . - 250 , , . 60 ($0.09 ), - . "" , - 1 68 , , - 3 36 .

<>, - 14 + 5* . - $0.15 $0.48 -. -.

, 1 <10 >. 10 + 5* - , -, $0.38 - 8:00 20:00, $0.25.

*: 5 .

. , . 1998 : , . . , . , .

Nokia . , . "-", 1.5-2 . , - . 1998 "-".

NMT-450. NMT-450 . , NMT-450.

, - 230 . , .


1. :

- ;

- , ;

- ;

- ..

2. , . , , , .

3. , .

4. . 100 , .

6. ( ) , . 3,5 - 4 .

7. . :

- ;

- ;

- .

, , , , , .

9. , . . , .

.

 

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q  10-20

q  20-40

q  40-60

q  60-100

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q  ( 5 )

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.

1. .. - 1998 .

2. . .- .: , 1995.

3. .., .. ; : . .-., 1990.

4. .., .. . - .,1997.

5. . . .- ., , 1992.

6. 1608 19.12.97.

7. 97.

8. .. . -: .

9. . . .- .,- , 1995.

10. The Stationery Business Magazine 4 1998.

 

.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1. ............................................................................................................................. 3

2. .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

3. ( 17 ).......... 5

4. - .................................................................................................. 8

4.1. - GSM....................................................................................................................................................... 9

4.2. Fora ommunications...................................................................................................................................................... 16

4.3. ................................................................................................................................................................... 19

4.3.1. ................................................................................................................................. 21

4.3.2. .................................................................................. 21

4.3.3. .................................................................................................. 23

4.3.4. ............................................................................................................................................... 24

5. ..................................... 25

................................................................................................................................................................................ 29

...................................................................................................................................................................... 291

.......................................................................................................................................................... 333

. , , - &quot; &quot; -

 

 

 

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