,,,
. , , - " " - , . - " " (Wireless Local Loop, WLL) - , , , , ( ) .
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, .. . 50- . , . , , .. - . . , , , .
- . , .. , , , - , , . 0, , . . , . , .. -.
1.1991 , 1993 " " . 1992 NMT 450 GSM-900 . .
() NMT 450 47 GSM-900 - 35. , , : (, , ), 12 NMT 450, GSM-900. , 72 (), .
? 7 , - 38 NMT 450, GSM-900 .
NMT 450 GSM-900 DCS-1800 GSM. 29.09.97 " DCS-1800". 1998 DCS-1800. , - , - -.
AMPS, D-AMPS. 42 128 . . 1995 , . 1996 37,5% 200% .
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3. ( 17 )- . , , - FCN, . (1 264 ), FCN - (211 50 ), (536 , LX4 2 000 , a LX 1 - 1500 ), , , 20 ). - . / 500 1000 . / , .. ( 500-800 )
1.
. . . - .
2. VESSO-TELECOM
, ( 250 , - 2 600 ). , . (LX4 1 300 275 ) - . ~ 5-10% 1998 1200 - 1600 1.12.98 . - .
3. MULTITONE-DALS
. 1998 . , -, .
4.
.
5. MOBILE TELECOM
. . - . Mobile (250 . ) - .
6. NEDA PAGING
1998 , . " " 180 . , .
7. PAGERCOM
, SAG RDS. 1998 - .
8. FCN
1998 5 000 , . - 2 800-3000, . , - 1997 . , , .. FCN ( FLEX 7 - 8 ).
9. EXCOM
( NEDA) . , 1998 . - -. , "" "" , .
10. EXPRESS
(-). ( 149 . 35 ) -. 99 (35 ), . (1 = 374 ), , . - .
II. ( )
1996 . "" . -, "" . - , - .
12. -
.
13.
. 1998 . . - . - ( 10).
. :
MULTITONE-DALS . -.
1998 NEDA PAGING .
FCN -, ( - 20 ).
, , - ( 25 ).
- 550 - 750 (25% - , 70% - , 5% - .)
- , . , .. . - , , ( 3 ).
1999 . 4- 2- - 20 1 - - 18 , 65-75 % .
4. -c - NMT 450 ( ), GSM-900 ( - GSM) NAMPS ( FORA Communications), DCS-1800 . , , : ; , ( ) - , , ; ; ( , - - - ), ; , , " "; - ; ; . - 150000 - 1:
|
: 1996 1997 , 1998 , , , .
- GSM - , . - : "" "", - Telecom Finland (), Telia International AB () Telenor AS (). 51% , - 49%. GSM - ( "") Telecom Finland, "- GSM" 1992 .
- GSM, 17 1993 . 1993 "- GSM" ? 580 GSM - . 14 1994 , 28 1995 . "- GSM" NOKIA. "- GSM" - . GSM - 25.08.94 a . :
17.01.95 <- GSM> , - ( <>)
1995 8000
01.06.96
04.07.96 15 000
12.07.96 2-102-1
13.10.96 20 000
10.12.96 40 MUSD - -. .
1996 "- GSM". , " " - , 1994 12 , 1995 , . 1996 : , .
16.01.97 25 000 - , - 1996 16000
26.06.97 N 7079, 7080, 7081 GSM , . 1997 <- GSM> . , . , < > -. 1997 <- GSM> . . -, . . , 50 . <- GSM> 1998 - . , - .
02.09.97 N 8347 GSM .
50 000
1.05.98 75000
1998 - GSM . SIM , , 235 135 ( ). - ( )- 365 1998 .
- GSM 2:
|
||
(), SIM - 135 |
||
$15 | ||
, | + $10 | |
|
8.00 20.00 (. - ) |
|
-頠 GSM . - | $0.38 | $0.25 |
$0.25 | $0.25 |
.
" " : 135 + ( , - 250 / ERICSSON 628 / - 1998 ) = 410 .
GSM - . Nokia, Ericsson, Siemens, Sony, Panasonic, Philips, Motorola ... 50 , 20 . 150 1000 .
- GSM - , . , - GSM - , . 50 - GSM , 1 5 . - GSM , , .
, .
, , "" " - " .
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, : , " " , , , , , . GSM , " ", ( ), - . :
;
, ;
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. :
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, , , , . , .
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GSM- 160 GSM. .
, *1 ( ) (812)329-4777 ( ). .
GSM-, D 999777 .
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, , , GSM - ( "" - "" Fora 1998 " 10 " 1 1998 ). 1998 - - GSM, . 1998 26 , 1998 1/4 .
"- GSM" , GSM, "- GSM" . . - "". 1997 . GSM, , . , "- GSM" .
"- GSM" - . - 55 . "- GSM" , , , .., .
, "- GSM" -.
- Saint Petersburg Telecom - MOTOROLA 1993 ( 568 23 1993 ). , 1979 AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone Service) - - NAMPS. SPT ( - - GSM), : 1994 1995 800 , , . , - , . - 1995 SPT 2800 . . 1996 . - : (). - , . , "" SPT Motorola system , , , SPT a Motorola system. , : FORA Communications- , Double C, , , , , . 7- . Double C, , , , , . , : - , - - , . - 225 1395 . . - .
1996 ( ). : 8 , - 8 . 2 . : 3500 7500 . , 1997 11500 . , , . . Milicom Internetional Cellular (MIC) - . Milicom Internetional Cellular (MIC) Omni Capital Partners Inc - Motorola Corp ( ) "". .
: 1995- 2800, 1996 - 3500, 1996 - 8800, 1997 - 11000, 1998 - 20000.
- , 8 1997 FORA Communications "" :
, | - | |
FORA 20 | 19 | 20 |
FORA 60 | 29 | 60 |
FORA 100 | 39 | 100 |
FORA 250 | 64 | 250 |
, . - , .
" " 8 295 TeleTAC 250 - 159 ( 80 ), 30 1998 " ", (Philips ISIS - 119 ), (80 ), (10 ), (19 + 19 FORA 20) - 255 .
13 119 890 ,
FORA Communications , , -, .
63 , - . .
FORA Communications .
1997 ( ) " FORA", . FORA .
40 , , 50 . 20 , 13 - - 1999 50 % .
- 1998 - 1 , 30% .
1991 " ", () US WEST INTERNATIONAL. - . , , ; , NMT-450 (Nordic Mobile Telephone) 10 , ( ) .
: - , - , , , , .
1991, 1992 1993 . , , . ( : ) , .
- , , . (portable) 5 , .. ( hand held) Nokia Benefon. -, .
1500, 1993 2600 . 1500 . .1
() , , 10 (1,5-15) . 15 , . 1. . . (<1% , ). - . 1992-1998. . 2
(MTX -Mobile Telephone Exchange) "" "115" "116", "90". .
NMT-450. (portable) .
, , NT-450 : , , .
, NMT-450 4.
NMT-450 |
( ) |
- |
. , , . . . NMT-450 -SIS (Sybscriber Identification Security). , , .
(hand held) , . 1994 - NMT-450i . : , , , .
, , - NMT-450, , , 5.
, , SIS (Subscriber Identity Security), . . , SIS , ( ).
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- ;
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, NMT-450 :
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NMT 450I MS PLUS ( 1998 , ** - 1999) |
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1996 Telecom Finland , , , .. . . 1998 , , , , , , , , , 230 .
, . ( ) - . , , , ( ).
|
, , , , - .
- "115", "116" "97", "905","906","907". . , , - 1995 91%. ( 57% 1995) .
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- . 1992-1998. . 2.
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, ;
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" " 1991 . NMT-450 - , 230 10 .
" " (70 % - 90% ). 37% 28% - . , , . - . , , , . - , - " ". - , . Nokia 10 - Nokia. , , - . . , - . - 250 , , . 60 ($0.09 ), - . "" , - 1 68 , , - 3 36 .
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. , . 1998 : , . . , . , .
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10. The Stationery Business Magazine 4 1998.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1. ............................................................................................................................. 3
2. .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
3. ( 17 ).......... 5
4. - .................................................................................................. 8
4.1. - GSM....................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2. Fora ommunications...................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.3. ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
4.3.1. ................................................................................................................................. 21
4.3.2. .................................................................................. 21
4.3.3. .................................................................................................. 23
4.3.4. ............................................................................................................................................... 24
5. ..................................... 25
................................................................................................................................................................................ 29
...................................................................................................................................................................... 291
.......................................................................................................................................................... 333
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