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Cd - 렠 - ࠠ ࠠ , , . , , Cd , .
Cd , (j = -0,4 .) , , , , . Cd , .
Cd . , 200 C - .
Cd : ; Cd.
- ( , ) , .
, ; , Zn , Cd . , , ( ) , Fl Mg .
, Cd .
, 1.
, ( ) Cd (. . ) , . , , .
, , . , , , .
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, , , - .
Cd , . , , Cd (i =1102 /2) 10 50 . :
Cl - < Br - < SO4 2- < BF4- < ClO4-
, Cd 0,5-1,5 . Cd , , Cd.
Cd .
Cd , , , , , , , , . , Cd - () : -18 -12, -20 -10. . .
Cd, , -.
- , 50-100 ./. , 15-20 ./. 0,7-1,2 ./. -10 ( -20) = 4-6. . 100 . 5-7 , . 643, ; , (40-60 ./. H2SO4 ) 20-30 ./., - 1-2 ./. 0,5-1 ./. , - .
, , 0,25 ./. CdSO4 , 0,25 . (NH4)2SO4 0,04 ./. Al2(SO4) 3 20-40, 0,1-0,5 ./. . , , , . . 5 ./. 1 ./. . - ( 100%) - 4102 /2 . D e = 400-500 . Cd , 143 ./. Cd(BF4) 2 35 ./. BF4, 2 ./. -20 2 ./. .
Cd , , , - , . (0,2-0,5 .), - = 2,5-5. , , , , - 20-30 ./., Na (~ 30 ./.) . , , , . 3,5-4 Cd (, , .). Cd . = 3,5-4. , () Cd , ). Cd ( ) Cd. , , -. Cd. ( 100%) .
(./.):Cd (SO3NH2)2 (100-120), NH2SO3H (28),CH3COOH (20), (0,01-10),pH=2.5-3.5 ,i=(1-10) 10 A/ , Cd i=5 10 A/젠 100% . Cd (./.) ;CdSO4 8/3H2O (50-60), H2SO4 (50-60) , (7-12), -1147 (1-2), t=18-35 ,i=(2-8) 10 A/ , 83-65%.
.
CdO Cd(OH)2 . [Cd(NH3)n]SO4 [Cd(NH3)n(H2O)m]SO4 , Cd [Cd(NH3)n(H2O)m]Cl2 . 1n - 4n 20 0,13- Cd , 30 /.
Cd , , .
cod (NH4)SO4 . Cd ( 1.4 -/.) 4n (NH4)2SO4 =6-7 , 2n =6.8-9.6.
6 , . Cd 265-300./.(4-4.5n)(NH4)2SO4 , =7.8-8.5. - , , , , , , .
t ⠠ 18-30
i=(0,25-1,5) 10 /
.
CdO Cd(OH)2, CdSO4 8/3H2O, Cd2P2O7 2H2O K4P2O7 3H2O.
Cd . 15-20 K4P2O7 CdSO4 (/.). K4P2O7 t=25 1 /. K4P2O7 (385 K4P2O7 3H2O) 3.6 10 .- Cd2+, 0.036 /.(9.2 ./. CdSO4 8/3H2O). =10,4-10,7.
- (0,1 ). ( -) =7,5-9. Cd , . : 192 ./. (0,5 ./.) K4P2O7 3H2O , 9,2 ./. CdSO4 8/3H2O ; t 50 C , i=(0,2-2) 10 A/젠 , i=(0,2-0,4) 10 A/.
Cd i , .
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1..
, , , . . , , . . .
, 30 ./. NaOH , 30 ./. Na3PO4 , 3-5 ./. -. , . , . -. t=70 C. 15 . .
2. .
, , . . . , , 40 ./. HCl 40 ./. H2SO4 , t=25 C .
10 . .
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1. ;
2. , .
:
1. 10 . 50 . 200 . , .
2. 30 . 200 . . 2 . 2 . .
, , , . 0.5 2 / . : 2 / - 5 , 0.5 / - 20 .
:
Cd(BF4)2 H2SO4. |
|
, . | |
(NH4)2SO4 CdSO4. |
|
, , . . |
, ( , , , , , . . ). , .
, Cd(BF4)2 H2SO4. .
1 . | |
- , . | |
2 . | |
- , . | |
3 . | |
- . | |
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:
1 . | |
, . . |
2 . | |
, . | |
3 . | |
- , , . |
(3 ) .
40 | |
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70 | |
. . |
Cd .
3 . 1 . , , . |
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1,5 . - . . |
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2 . - . , . |
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, , 200 . , 30 . Cd , 2 . H2SO4 .
, , .
1. .
|
N |
||||||
|
1 [46] | 2 [46,103] | 3 [46] | 4 [102] | 5 [1] | 6 [47] | 7 [108] |
CdSO4 8/3 H2O |
40-60 | 50 | - | 50-75 | 350-380 | - | - |
Cd(BF4)2 |
- | - | - | - | - | 143 | 143 |
CdCl2 |
- | - | 40-50 | - | - | - | - |
HBF4 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 35 |
H2SO4 |
40-60 | - | - | pH=1 | - | - | - |
Cl3BO3 |
- | - | - | - | 20 | - | - |
Na2SO4 |
40-60 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
(NH4)2 SO4 |
- | 250 | - | - | - | - | - |
NH4BF4 |
- | - | - | - | - | 42 | - |
NH4Cl |
- | - | 200-280 | - | - | - | - |
NaCl | - | - | 30-40 | - | - | - | - |
-10 | - | - | - | 4-6 | - | - | - |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | |
-10 | 3,5 | 0,7-1,2 | - | - | - | - | 2(OC=20) |
- | - | 1-2 | - | 1,0 | - | - | |
-5 (/) | - | 100 | - | - | - | - | - |
- | 15-20 | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | 1,0 | - | |
- | - | 7-10 | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | 5,0 | - | |
pH | - | 4-6 | 4-4,5 | 0,5-1,5 | 3,4 | 4-4,5 | - |
t, | 15-50 | 15-30 | 20-40 | 18-25 | 20-40 | 20 | 20 |
ik A/2 10-2 |
1-6 | 0,5-1,5 | 0,8-1,2 |
1-2,5* |
30-150** |
3 |
1-5*** |
% | - | 98-95 | - | - | 98-95 | 97 | - |
2. () .
i / 2 10-2 |
N |
|||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|
0,5 | 28 | 37 | 32 | 28 | 13 | 37 |
1 | 13 | 65 | - | 23 | - | 35 |
1,5 | - | 65 | - | - | - | 28 |
3. .
|
N |
|||||
|
1 [120] |
2 [92] |
3 [92] |
|||
|
H |
/ |
H |
/ |
H |
/ |
dO | 0,62 | 40 | 0,125 | 8 | 0,5 | 32 |
CdCl2 |
- | - | 0,2 | 20 | - | - |
(NH4) 2SO4 |
4,5 | 300 | - | - | 3 | 200 |
NH4Cl |
- | - | 4,6 | 250 | 0,18 | 10 |
Cl3BO3 |
- | 20 | - | 20 | - | - |
- | - | - | - | - | 100 | |
- | 2,5 | - | 2,4 | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | 10 | |
- | 1 | - | 1-2 | - | - | |
7,5-8,0 | 6,6-6,8 | 6,6-7,0 | ||||
t, | 20 | 20-30 | 20 | |||
ik / 2 10-2 |
1,0 | 1,0 | 2,0 |
. . . . 1961 .
. . . . . 1979 .
. . .
, : 1976 .
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