. , , ,

,,,

() —

1. ()

1.1     

1.2     

1.3 

1.4  ,

2. ()

2.1

2.2

3.

3.1

3.2


 

 

, , , , , . . , . .

, . , , .

, . . , , .

()

:

ü ;

ü , ;

ü , ;

ü .


1. ()

 

1.1 

 

, - . , ( , ); , : . , , , . , ( ), , , .

, .

, . ( ) , , , .

, .

, , , .[8]

( , ) . , ( , , ), , , - . , , , , .

, , ( , ), . () , , .., , . , .

, , . [2] , , (1.1) : [7]


, (1.1)

0 1 - .

.

. [7] (ri) (1.2):

,(1.2)

 

.[7] , , .

, , (1.3):

, (1.3)

- ;

N - .

, , , .

. . , . .

(1.4):

, (1.4)

= - ( ). (1.4)

1.2     

 

, , , . , , , .

, .

, . [7] " " " ", , , , , , . , :

ü   (liquidity risk) - , ;

ü   (business risk) - ( , ) , ;

ü   (financial risk) - . , , , ;

ü   (default risk) - , (, ), .

, , , . [7] " " " ". , . , , .

ü   (interest rate risk) - . , , ;

ü   (exchange rate risk) - , ;

ü   (inflation risk) - ;

ü   (political risk) - , , , . , .

1.3     

 

, .

. , .

.

.

. [6]

, /. : .

(. . 1.1): [7]

          , , (diversifiable risk, firm-specific risk, nonsystematic risk), .. , . , , , .. , (,, 1 . 10 , );

          , , , (nondiversifiable risk, systematic risk, market risk), . e. , . , , .


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


1.1.

: (1.9)


(1.9)

 

- ;

- ;

- - ;

- ;

- .

(1.10)

 
, , (1.10):

=,

- ( , )

(1.11)

 
(1.11):

=,

- j- ;

- j- i. (. 1. 12)

(1.12)

 
=,

: (1.13)

,(1.13)

 

n ;

xi i- ;

, .

- - , , , - . [5]

, , .(1.14)

(1.14)

 
=

- ;

- - , .

, 10 20 , , . , , .

1.4      ,

 

, , . , , (. 1.4). : (1.5)

= + ,(1.5)


- ;

- - ;

- (1.5a);

- (1.5b).

, (1.6):

(1.6)

i- ;

;

- .

, - , (1.6):

(1.6)

 

, k .

, . , (.. ). , β . β 1 ( β = 1), : .

1, , 10- () () , 10%. , , 0 1 ( ) , 10% 10% . , .. , , . [3]

, , (1.7):

= , (1.7)

i- .

-1 +1, , . , +1, ; , -1, ; , 0, .

, (1.7) , : (1.8)

, (1.8)

;

;

n .

. , . , , , . .


 

2. ()

 

2.1

 

, 01.11.2008 30.10.2009, , :

ü   ;

ü   ;

ü   ;

ü   ;

ü   . ..;

ü   ;

ü   ʻ.

, , 1.2. . .., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

, . .. 01.11.2008 17.11.2008

, 01.11.2008

, 05.11.2008

, 06.11.2008

, 07.11.2008

, 10.11.2008

, 11.11.2008

, 12.11.2008

, 13.11.2008

, 14.11.2008

, 17.11.2008

. .. 1.

. .. , 1.3. (N = 247).

= (15,6312,141,570,189,101,0223,51+0,34+0,02++0,990,882,652,143,79+1,14)/247 =0,262%

, 250 (0,262%×250=65,463%) 65%.

( %) 2.1.

2.1. .

, %

0,152 38,107
0,103 25,677
0,298 74,450
0,430 107,553
. .. 0,262 65,463
0,187 46,874
ʻ 0,192 47,911

, , , , . , .

, ( , ( ) 0,262%.

= 15,625 0,262 = 15,363% 01.11.2008

= -12,138 0,262 = -12,400% 05.11.2008

= -1,574 0,262 = -1,836% 06.11.2008

= -0,183 0,262 = -0,445% 07.11.2008

= -9,097 0,262 = -9,359% 10.11.2008

= -1,017 0,262 = -1,279% 11.11.2008

= -23,509 0,262 = -23,771% 12.11.2008

= 0,344 0,262 = 0,082% 13.11.2008

= 0,015 0,262 = -0,246% 14.11.2008

= -1,076 0,262 = -1,338% 17.11.2008

, .

, 01.11.2008

%, 05.11.2008

, 06.11.2008

, 07.11.2008

, 10.11.2008

, 11.11.2008

, 12.11.2008

, 13.11.2008

, 14.11.2008

, 17.11.2008

. .. 1.

, 1.4., . ... , ,

, N=247.

=×(236,049+153,765+3,372+0,198+87,597+1,637+565,068+0,006+0,060+1,790+39,040+31,377++1,413+3,389+0,062+0,544+1,304+8,498+5,770+16,380+0,769)=15,257

:

15,257×250=3814,44

2.2.


2.2. .

23,904 5976,081
15,075 3768,988
9,432 2358,168
27,151 6787,859
. .. 15,257 3814,443
13,604 3401,105
ʻ 10,762 2690,711

, . 2.2. , . , , .

, ( ) . , . , , , . , , , , .

2.2 .

. ( 1.5)

. 01.11.2008 30.10.2009 (. 8).

, , 01.11.2008 10.11.2008, 8

, 01.11.2008

, 05.11.2008

, 06.11.2008

, 07.11.2008

, 10.11.2008

, 247 .

=(3,3596,5072,197+6,60811,281++0,6112,100=0,210%

=0,210%×250=52,548%.

, , 01.11.2008 10.11.2008.

= 3,358 0,210= 3,148% 01.11.2008

= -6,507 0,210= -6,717% 05.11.2008

= -2,197 0,210= -2,407% 06.11.2008

= 6,608 0,210= 6,397% 07.11.2008

= -11,281 0,210= -11,491% 10.11.2008

:

, 01.11.2008

%, 05.11.2008

, 06.11.2008

, 07.11.2008

, 10.11.2008

 

, ,

, N=247.

=×(9,914+45,127+5,797+40,932+132,061++15,930+15,804+0,160+5,337)=11,746 .

11,746×250=2936,638 .

, , - 1.6. , , , , , (. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)

- , .

== =0,694

- 2.3

2.3. - .

-

0,793
0,891
0,312
0,282
... 0,694
0,764
ʻ 0,504

1, . - , . - 0 1, , ( ) , 10% 10% . , .

, -, .


=2936,638×=1415,184

- .

2.4.

2.4. .

,

 

1845,461
2332,805
1845,461
233,240
... 1415,184
712,916
ʻ 745,849

, , . , , .

, , , , .

() .


... : =3814,4431415.184=2399,259 2.5.

2.5. .

,

4130,620
1436,183
512,706
6554,618
... 2399,259
1688,189
ʻ 1944,862

, , , , . 2.5. . , , , , , .


3.

 

3.1

, , . , , , ( 1).

: .

, (1.8).

, , . , , :

A . ..;

B ;

C ʻ;

D ;

E ;

F ;

G .

Excel, (. . 3.1.)


3.1.

߻

AB

10,022551

AC

6,9649419

BC

6,188886

AD

11,764555

BD

11,02893

CD

6,950255

AE

10,149570

BE

11,37723

CE

6,538819

DE

11,97268

AF

2,0920637

BF

3,341122

CF

2,159713

DF

3,949463

EF

3,609024

AG

2,9271601

BG

1,846201

CG

3,182236

DG

2,776312

EG

1,706282

FG

3,45537

, , , , .

(. 1.7)

(. 1.4) :

== 61,76118036 %

== 58,31899348%

== 51,87206377%

== 77,30512273%

== 61,39208418%

== 48,56097198%

== 82,38847007%


Excel, (. . 3.2.)

3.2.

߻

AB

0,695653

AC

0,543511

BC

0,32201

AD

0,616015

BD

0,61158

CD

0,433310

AE

0,669205

BE

0,79442

CE

0,513326

DE

0,630682

AF

0,174386

BF

0,29494

CF

0,214345

DF

0,263016

EF

0,302642

AG

0,143815

BG

0,09606

CG

0,186154

DG

0,108976

EG

0,084335

FG

0,21591

-1 +1, , . , +1, ; , -1, ; , 0, .

, .

: AF, AG, BF, BG, CF, CG, DF, DG, EG, FG , 0,3. ( 0,3 0,7) AB, AC, AD, AE, BC, BD, CD, CE, DE, EF BE, 0,7

3.2

 

, . - . . , .

, .

. .

, /.

. , , , .

, 3.3.

3.3. (, ) .

,%

,

,

,

... 65,463 3814,443 2399,259 1415,184
46,874 3401,105 1688,189 712,916
47,911 2690,711 1944,862 745,849
38,107 5976,081 4130,620 1845,461
25,677 3768,988 1436,183 2332,805
74,450 2358,168 512,706 1845,461
107,553 6787,859 6554,618 233,240

3.3. : , ..., , ʻ . , - .

, ( ..., ʻ, ); ( ); .

, , , , .

1.11 1.12 :

=×+×+×+×+×+×+×+2×××××+2××××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2××× , 7 .

=×+×+×+×+×+2×××××+2××××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2××× , 5 .

=×+×+×+2××××+2×××+2××× , 3 .

 

, .

, :

XA 0,15;

XB 0,1;

XC 0,12;

XD 0,06;

XE 0,06;

XF 0,35;

XG 0,16.

, , , , ( , )

, :

=×3814,443+×3401,105+×2690,711+×

5976,082+×3768,988+×2358,168+×6787,86+2×

0,15×0,1×61,761×58,318×0,695+2×0,15×0,1×61,761×58,318×

0,695+2×0,15×0,06×61,761×77,305×0,616+2×0,15×0,06×61,761×

61,392×0,669+2×0,15×0,35×61,761×48,560×0,174+2×0,15×0,16×

61,761×82,388×0,143+2×0,1×0,12×58,318×51,872×0,322+2×0,1×

0,06×58,318×77,305×0,611+2×0,1×0,06×58,318×61,392×0,794+2×

0,1×0,35×58,318×48,560×0,294+2×0,1×0,16×58,318×82,388×

0,096+2×0,12×0,06×51,872×77,305×0,433+2×0,12×0,06×51,872×

61,392×0,0513+2×0,12×0,35×51,872×48,560×0,214+2×0,12×0,16×

51,872×82,388×0,186+2×0,06×0,06×77,305×61,392×0,630+2×

0,06×0,35×77,305×48,560×0,263+2×0,06×0,16×77,305×82,388×

0,108+2×0,06×0,35×61,392×48,560×0,302+2×0,06×0,16×61,392×

82,388×0,084+2×0,35×0,16×48,560×82,388×0,215 = 1467,465

1.13

= ×2399,259+×1688,189+×1944,862+×

4130,620+×1436,183+×512,706+×6554,618 = 820,874

:

1467,465 820,874 = 646,591

 

, .

, :

XA 0,17;

XB 0,13;

XC 0,25;

XF 0,15;

XG 0,3.

, :

=×3814,443+×3401,105+×2690,711+×

2358,168+×6787,86+2×0,17×0,13×61,761×58,318×0,695+2×

0,17×0,25×61,761×51,8728×0,543+2×0,17×0,15×61,761×48,560×

0,174+2×0,17×0,3×61,761×82,388×0,143+2×0,13×0,25×58,318×

51,872×0,322+2×0,13×0,15×58,318×48,560×0,2942+2×0,13×0,3×

58,318×82,388×0,096+2×0,25×0,15×51,872×48,560×0,214+2×

0,25×0,3×51,872×82,388×0,186+2×0,15×0,3×48,560×82,388×

0,215 = 1729,393

1.13

=×2399,259+×1688,189+×1944,862+×

512,706+×6554,618 = 473,004

:

1729,393 473,004 = 1256,389

, .

, :

XA 0,3;

XC 0,3;

XF 0,4;

, :


=×3814,443+×2690,711+×2358,168+

2×0,3×0,3×61,761×51,872×0,543+2×0,3×0,4×61,761×48,560×

0,174+2×0,3×0,4×51,872×48,560×0,214 = 2125,58

1.13

=×2399,259+×1944,862+×512,706 = 349,516

:

2125,58 349,516 = 1776,064

3.4.

3.4. .

,

,

,

,

7 1467,465 820,874 646,591
5 1729,393 473,004 1256,389
3 2125,580 349,516 1776,064

3.4 , , , . , , , .

, .

, , , .


, : , . , , , . .

, . , .

. , () , . ( ), ( ) , . . .


 

1.  .. , ., 2006.

2.  ., . , ., 2009.

3.  . , .,2006.

4.  . -, ., 2008.

5.  . -, .,2007.

6.  .., .. , ., 2009.

7.  .. , .,2009.

8.  .. , ., 2006.

9.  ., ., . -, ., 2006.

10.        www.rts.ru

1. () 1.1 1.2

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :