,,,
1. ()
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4 ,
2. ()
2.1
2.2
3.
3.1
3.2
, , , , , . . , . .
, . , , .
, . . , , .
()
:
ü ;
ü , ;
ü , ;
ü .
1. ()
1.1
, - . , ( , ); , : . , , , . , ( ), , , .
, .
, . ( ) , , , .
, .
, , , .[8]
( , ) . , ( , , ), , , - . , , , , .
, , ( , ), . () , , .., , . , .
, , . [2] , , (1.1) : [7]
, (1.1)
0 1 - .
.
. [7] (ri) (1.2):
,(1.2)
.[7] , , .
, , (1.3):
, (1.3)
- ;
N - .
, , , .
. . , . .
(1.4):
, (1.4)
= - ( ). (1.4)
1.2
, , , . , , , .
, .
, . [7] " " " ", , , , , , . , :
ü (liquidity risk) - , ;
ü (business risk) - ( , ) , ;
ü (financial risk) - . , , , ;
ü (default risk) - , (, ), .
, , , . [7] " " " ". , . , , .
ü (interest rate risk) - . , , ;
ü (exchange rate risk) - , ;
ü (inflation risk) - ;
ü (political risk) - , , , . , .
1.3
, .
. , .
.
.
. [6]
, /. : .
(. . 1.1): [7]
, , (diversifiable risk, firm-specific risk, nonsystematic risk), .. , . , , , .. , (,, 1 . 10 , );
, , , (nondiversifiable risk, systematic risk, market risk), . e. , . , , .
1.1.
: (1.9)
|
- ;
- ;
- - ;
- ;
- .
|
=,
- ( , )
|
=,
- j- ;
- j- i. (. 1. 12)
|
: (1.13)
,(1.13)
n ;
xi i- ;
, .
- - , , , - . [5]
, , .(1.14)
|
- ;
- - , .
, 10 20 , , . , , .
1.4 ,
, , . , , (. 1.4). : (1.5)
= + ,(1.5)
- ;
- - ;
- (1.5a);
- (1.5b).
, (1.6):
(1.6)
i- ;
;
- .
, - , (1.6):
|
, k .
, . , (.. ). , β . β 1 ( β = 1), : .
1, , 10- () () , 10%. , , 0 1 ( ) , 10% 10% . , .. , , . [3]
, , (1.7):
= , (1.7)
i- .
-1 +1, , . , +1, ; , -1, ; , 0, .
, (1.7) , : (1.8)
, (1.8)
;
;
n .
. , . , , , . .
2. ()
2.1
, 01.11.2008 30.10.2009, , :
ü ;
ü ;
ü ;
ü ;
ü . ..;
ü ;
ü ʻ.
, , 1.2. . .., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
, . .. 01.11.2008 17.11.2008
, 01.11.2008
, 05.11.2008
, 06.11.2008
, 07.11.2008
, 10.11.2008
, 11.11.2008
, 12.11.2008
, 13.11.2008
, 14.11.2008
, 17.11.2008
. .. 1.
. .. , 1.3. (N = 247).
= (15,6312,141,570,189,101,0223,51+0,34+0,02++0,990,882,652,143,79+1,14)/247 =0,262%
, 250 (0,262%×250=65,463%) 65%.
( %) 2.1.
2.1. .
|
, % |
|
|
|
|
0,152 | 38,107 | |
0,103 | 25,677 | |
0,298 | 74,450 | |
0,430 | 107,553 | |
. .. | 0,262 | 65,463 |
0,187 | 46,874 | |
ʻ | 0,192 | 47,911 |
, , , , . , .
, ( , ( ) 0,262%.
= 15,625 0,262 = 15,363% 01.11.2008
= -12,138 0,262 = -12,400% 05.11.2008
= -1,574 0,262 = -1,836% 06.11.2008
= -0,183 0,262 = -0,445% 07.11.2008
= -9,097 0,262 = -9,359% 10.11.2008
= -1,017 0,262 = -1,279% 11.11.2008
= -23,509 0,262 = -23,771% 12.11.2008
= 0,344 0,262 = 0,082% 13.11.2008
= 0,015 0,262 = -0,246% 14.11.2008
= -1,076 0,262 = -1,338% 17.11.2008
, .
, 01.11.2008
%, 05.11.2008
, 06.11.2008
, 07.11.2008
, 10.11.2008
, 11.11.2008
, 12.11.2008
, 13.11.2008
, 14.11.2008
, 17.11.2008
. .. 1.
, 1.4., . ... , ,
, N=247.
=×(236,049+153,765+3,372+0,198+87,597+1,637+565,068+0,006+0,060+1,790+39,040+31,377++1,413+3,389+0,062+0,544+1,304+8,498+5,770+16,380+0,769)=15,257
:
15,257×250=3814,44
2.2.
2.2. .
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,904 | 5976,081 | |
15,075 | 3768,988 | |
9,432 | 2358,168 | |
27,151 | 6787,859 | |
. .. | 15,257 | 3814,443 |
13,604 | 3401,105 | |
ʻ | 10,762 | 2690,711 |
, . 2.2. , . , , .
, ( ) . , . , , , . , , , , .
2.2 .
. ( 1.5)
. 01.11.2008 30.10.2009 (. 8).
, , 01.11.2008 10.11.2008, 8
, 01.11.2008
, 05.11.2008
, 06.11.2008
, 07.11.2008
, 10.11.2008
, 247 .
=(3,3596,5072,197+6,60811,281++0,6112,100=0,210%
=0,210%×250=52,548%.
, , 01.11.2008 10.11.2008.
= 3,358 0,210= 3,148% 01.11.2008
= -6,507 0,210= -6,717% 05.11.2008
= -2,197 0,210= -2,407% 06.11.2008
= 6,608 0,210= 6,397% 07.11.2008
= -11,281 0,210= -11,491% 10.11.2008
:
, 01.11.2008
%, 05.11.2008
, 06.11.2008
, 07.11.2008
, 10.11.2008
, ,
, N=247.
=×(9,914+45,127+5,797+40,932+132,061++15,930+15,804+0,160+5,337)=11,746 .
11,746×250=2936,638 .
, , - 1.6. , , , , , (. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
- , .
== =0,694
- 2.3
2.3. - .
|
- |
0,793 | |
0,891 | |
0,312 | |
0,282 | |
... | 0,694 |
0,764 | |
ʻ | 0,504 |
1, . - , . - 0 1, , ( ) , 10% 10% . , .
, -, .
=2936,638×=1415,184
- .
2.4.
2.4. .
|
, |
|
1845,461 | ||
2332,805 | ||
1845,461 | ||
233,240 | ||
... | 1415,184 | |
712,916 | ||
ʻ | 745,849 |
, , . , , .
, , , , .
() .
... : =3814,4431415.184=2399,259 2.5.
2.5. .
|
, |
4130,620 | |
1436,183 | |
512,706 | |
6554,618 | |
... | 2399,259 |
1688,189 | |
ʻ | 1944,862 |
, , , , . 2.5. . , , , , , .
3.
3.1
, , . , , , ( 1).
: .
, (1.8).
, , . , , :
A . ..;
B ;
C ʻ;
D ;
E ;
F ;
G .
Excel, (. . 3.1.)
3.1.
|
|||||||||||
AB |
10,022551 | ||||||||||
AC |
6,9649419 |
BC |
6,188886 | ||||||||
AD |
11,764555 |
BD |
11,02893 |
CD |
6,950255 | ||||||
AE |
10,149570 |
BE |
11,37723 |
CE |
6,538819 |
DE |
11,97268 | ||||
AF |
2,0920637 |
BF |
3,341122 |
CF |
2,159713 |
DF |
3,949463 |
EF |
3,609024 | ||
AG |
2,9271601 |
BG |
1,846201 |
CG |
3,182236 |
DG |
2,776312 |
EG |
1,706282 |
FG |
3,45537 |
, , , , .
(. 1.7)
(. 1.4) :
== 61,76118036 %
== 58,31899348%
== 51,87206377%
== 77,30512273%
== 61,39208418%
== 48,56097198%
== 82,38847007%
Excel, (. . 3.2.)
3.2.
|
|||||||||||
AB |
0,695653 | ||||||||||
AC |
0,543511 |
BC |
0,32201 | ||||||||
AD |
0,616015 |
BD |
0,61158 |
CD |
0,433310 | ||||||
AE |
0,669205 |
BE |
0,79442 |
CE |
0,513326 |
DE |
0,630682 | ||||
AF |
0,174386 |
BF |
0,29494 |
CF |
0,214345 |
DF |
0,263016 |
EF |
0,302642 | ||
AG |
0,143815 |
BG |
0,09606 |
CG |
0,186154 |
DG |
0,108976 |
EG |
0,084335 |
FG |
0,21591 |
-1 +1, , . , +1, ; , -1, ; , 0, .
, .
: AF, AG, BF, BG, CF, CG, DF, DG, EG, FG , 0,3. ( 0,3 0,7) AB, AC, AD, AE, BC, BD, CD, CE, DE, EF BE, 0,7
3.2
, . - . . , .
, .
. .
, /.
. , , , .
, 3.3.
3.3. (, ) .
|
,% |
, |
, |
, |
... | 65,463 | 3814,443 | 2399,259 | 1415,184 |
46,874 | 3401,105 | 1688,189 | 712,916 | |
47,911 | 2690,711 | 1944,862 | 745,849 | |
38,107 | 5976,081 | 4130,620 | 1845,461 | |
25,677 | 3768,988 | 1436,183 | 2332,805 | |
74,450 | 2358,168 | 512,706 | 1845,461 | |
107,553 | 6787,859 | 6554,618 | 233,240 |
3.3. : , ..., , ʻ . , - .
, ( ..., ʻ, ); ( ); .
, , , , .
1.11 1.12 :
=×+×+×+×+×+×+×+2×××××+2××××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2××× , 7 .
=×+×+×+×+×+2×××××+2××××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2×××+2××× , 5 .
=×+×+×+2××××+2×××+2××× , 3 .
, .
, :
XA 0,15;
XB 0,1;
XC 0,12;
XD 0,06;
XE 0,06;
XF 0,35;
XG 0,16.
, , , , ( , )
, :
=×3814,443+×3401,105+×2690,711+×
5976,082+×3768,988+×2358,168+×6787,86+2×
0,15×0,1×61,761×58,318×0,695+2×0,15×0,1×61,761×58,318×
0,695+2×0,15×0,06×61,761×77,305×0,616+2×0,15×0,06×61,761×
61,392×0,669+2×0,15×0,35×61,761×48,560×0,174+2×0,15×0,16×
61,761×82,388×0,143+2×0,1×0,12×58,318×51,872×0,322+2×0,1×
0,06×58,318×77,305×0,611+2×0,1×0,06×58,318×61,392×0,794+2×
0,1×0,35×58,318×48,560×0,294+2×0,1×0,16×58,318×82,388×
0,096+2×0,12×0,06×51,872×77,305×0,433+2×0,12×0,06×51,872×
61,392×0,0513+2×0,12×0,35×51,872×48,560×0,214+2×0,12×0,16×
51,872×82,388×0,186+2×0,06×0,06×77,305×61,392×0,630+2×
0,06×0,35×77,305×48,560×0,263+2×0,06×0,16×77,305×82,388×
0,108+2×0,06×0,35×61,392×48,560×0,302+2×0,06×0,16×61,392×
82,388×0,084+2×0,35×0,16×48,560×82,388×0,215 = 1467,465
1.13
= ×2399,259+×1688,189+×1944,862+×
4130,620+×1436,183+×512,706+×6554,618 = 820,874
:
1467,465 820,874 = 646,591
, .
, :
XA 0,17;
XB 0,13;
XC 0,25;
XF 0,15;
XG 0,3.
, :
=×3814,443+×3401,105+×2690,711+×
2358,168+×6787,86+2×0,17×0,13×61,761×58,318×0,695+2×
0,17×0,25×61,761×51,8728×0,543+2×0,17×0,15×61,761×48,560×
0,174+2×0,17×0,3×61,761×82,388×0,143+2×0,13×0,25×58,318×
51,872×0,322+2×0,13×0,15×58,318×48,560×0,2942+2×0,13×0,3×
58,318×82,388×0,096+2×0,25×0,15×51,872×48,560×0,214+2×
0,25×0,3×51,872×82,388×0,186+2×0,15×0,3×48,560×82,388×
0,215 = 1729,393
1.13
=×2399,259+×1688,189+×1944,862+×
512,706+×6554,618 = 473,004
:
1729,393 473,004 = 1256,389
, .
, :
XA 0,3;
XC 0,3;
XF 0,4;
, :
=×3814,443+×2690,711+×2358,168+
2×0,3×0,3×61,761×51,872×0,543+2×0,3×0,4×61,761×48,560×
0,174+2×0,3×0,4×51,872×48,560×0,214 = 2125,58
1.13
=×2399,259+×1944,862+×512,706 = 349,516
:
2125,58 349,516 = 1776,064
3.4.
3.4. .
, |
, |
, |
, |
7 | 1467,465 | 820,874 | 646,591 |
5 | 1729,393 | 473,004 | 1256,389 |
3 | 2125,580 | 349,516 | 1776,064 |
3.4 , , , . , , , .
, .
, , , .
, : , . , , , . .
, . , .
. , () , . ( ), ( ) , . . .
1. .. , ., 2006.
2. ., . , ., 2009.
3. . , .,2006.
4. . -, ., 2008.
5. . -, .,2007.
6. .., .. , ., 2009.
7. .. , .,2009.
8. .. , ., 2006.
9. ., ., . -, ., 2006.
10. www.rts.ru
1. () 1.1 1.2
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