. , , ,

,,,

. —

1.3-1. 1 = 20 t1 = 400 C 2 = 2 . , , = 4 /. h S .

. , P1 = 12 t1 = 300 C. = 750 Hg.

: ) , ) . h S .

. 2/1 = 1/12 = 0,0834 < (0,546 = β). , 2 = 1β = 12 × 0,546 = 6,6 .

( h S (. .8.6).

, 2 = 1 , .


. 1.6.

1.3-2. 1 = 18 1 = 0,92 2 = 12 , f = 20 2. , , h S .

1.3-3. 1 = 16 1 = 0,95 2 = 2 . m = 6 /. , : ) = 1,3 ) .

1.3-4. 1 = 20 t1 = 350 C 2 = 1 . , , , f2 = 500 2. h S .

1.3-5. 1 = 120 t1 = 500 C 2 = 50 . , , , φ = 0,96, m = 2,78 /. h S .

1.3-6. 1 = 10 2 = 6 . , φ = 0,97; f2 = 365 2. h S .

1.3-7. 2 = 1 , t2 = 130 C. (P, v, t, S, h, u), 1 = 20 . h S .

1.3-8. 1 = 12 t1 = 350 C 2 = 5 32,88 C. ?

. 1 = 18 t1 = 250 C 2 = 10 . .

. h S (. .8.7) , 1. h1 = h2, , 2.

:

Δtn1 = tn1 tH1 = 250 C 208 C = 42 C,

Δtn2 = tn2 tH2 = 234 C 180 C = 54 C.

: v1 = 0,125 3/; S1 = 6,61 /(×); u1 = 2889 /; h1 = h2 = 2911 /; v2 = 0,225 3/; S2 = 6,86 /(×); u2 = 2887 /.

1.3-9. , 1 = 60 = 0,96, ?


. 1.7.

.

, , .

, . .

. , , .

() , , , , , . 1 = MAX = Const P2 = PMIN = Const.

, 1 ( 4 5 6) 2 ( 6 1), , 3 ( 1 2), , 4, 5 ( 2 3), .

, 6, 7, 8 1 = MAX ( 3 4) 9 1 (. .9.1).

.2.1.

:

(9.1)

d0 q0 :

(9.2)

(9.3)

, (9.1 9.3), h S .

.

2-1. . : 1 = 30 , t1 = 300 C. 2 = 0,04 . , T S .

2-2. , 1 = 200 2 = 0,2 , = 0,9, t1 = 300 C. T S .

2-3. 1 , : 1 = 20 , t1 = 450 C 2 = 0,04 . P V, T S h S .

. 1 = 20 , t1 = 300 C. P2 = 0,04 . T S .

.

h S : h1 = 3019 /; h2 = 2036 /; h2' = 121 /.

. 2.2.

:

ηT = (h1 h2) /(h1 h'2) = (3019 2036) /(3019 121) = 0,3392.

9-4. ( ) , : 1) 1 1 = 35 , '1 = 70 , "1 = 140 '''1 = 280 , , t1 = 450 C; 2) t1 = 400 C, t'1 = 450 C, t"1 = 500 C t'''1 = 600 C, 2 = 0,04 . T S .

9-5. , , 1 = 300 , t1 = 550 C 2 = 1 . ' = 70 t'1 = 540 C. . T S .

1-6. , P1 = 110 ; t1= 500 C, 2 = 0,04 , = 30 t' =500 C. . T S .

1-7. 1 = 35 t1= 435 C N = 4000 , . , , 2 = 1,2 . T S .

1-8. 1 = 100 t1= 550 C N = 100000 , . 2 = 0,04 . d / × G / , 1 , , 1 , ηt . T S .

1-9. , 1 = 20 t1 = 300 C, '1 = 16 , "2 = 12 . 2 = 0,2 . T S .

.

, , .. , .

: t > 100 C t < 100 C.

"" (, , ), .

"" , , .

, , .

(. .3.1):

, 3 4;

, 1 2;

, 3' 3.

(1.2) (1.3):

(10.1)

Q0, "" , .

. 3.1.

, .

.

, (T ≈ ≈ Const) 1 2, (P = Const), 2 3 , , 3 4. . , (y), ( ), ( P1 = Const) (1 ), (P2 = = Const).

( ) . 3.2.

. 3.2.

1 , , . . "" , . "" q0 , , qHP. ' :

(3.2)

, 1 , :

(3.3)

, 1 , :

(3.4)

, "", , , , , 1, . 1 , , , . ( ) ( ) . 3.3.

. 3.3.

: ) , ) ; l ; l - .

' :

(10.5)

, , , :

(10.6)

. , . t1 = 10 C, t2 = 20 C 2 = 1 3 = 0 (. . 3.4). , , , .

. 8 (. ).

:

q0 = h1 h4 = r1(X1 X4).

t1 = 10 C r1 = 1296,6 / 1 2 3 4 , :

S2 = S1 = S' + (S"1 + S'1) X.

S'1 = 4,071 /(×), S"1 =8,944 /(×).

S2 = S"2 = 8,566 /(×).

X1 = (S"2 S'1) /(S"1 S'1) = (8,566 4,071) /(8,944 4,071) = 0,9224.

X4 = (S"2 S'1) /(S"1 S'1) = (4,516 4,017) /4,917 = 0,1015.

:

q0 = 1296,6 × (0,9224 0,1015) = 1064,4 /.

:

q = h2 h3 = r2 = 1186,9 /.

, :

l = q q0 = 1186,9 1064,4 = 122,5 /.

:

ε = q0/l = 1064,4/122,5 = 8,69.

. 3.4.


.

3.1. , .10.4, ( 3 4) , . , .

3.2. t1 = 10 C. . t = 20 C . P V T S .

3.3. N = 50 . t1 = 5 C. , t2 = 25 C. . 1 .

3.4. , , 30 C, 27 C.

:

ε = T0/(T T0) = (273,15 30) /((273,15 27) (273,15 30)) = 4,27.

3.5. , , Q0 = 17,4 , 19 C, 15 C.

3.6. , , , , , . , 30 C, 16 C. Q0 = 58,15 .

3.7. 1 200 / , 2 = 200 . . 25 C. 1 = 1 4,19 1 3 ( ). 5 C. η = 0,62

. .10.2 (10.2) (10.4), TS : h1 = 510 /; h2 = 474 /, h0 = 92,1 /, q = CPΔt = 1,01 × 5 = 5,05 /; q0 = 4, 19/ρH = 4, 19/1,29 = 3,25 /.

3.8. 1 200 / , 2 = 200 . . 25 C. 1 = 1 . 80% ( = 0,8). 5 C. q0 = 0,93 . , 50% ( S = Const; η = 0,65; η = 0,7).

1.3-1. 1 = 20 t1 = 400 C 2 = 2 .

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :