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: , . ( ) (Valerius Cordus) 1540 ., 1.842 ., . (Crawford W. Long) . (William E. Clark) . , 16 1846 ., T. . (William T. G. Morton) . (Joseph Priestley) 1772 ., 1800 . (Humphry Davy). (Gardner Colton) (Horace Wells) (1844 ). , , (von Leibig), (Guthrie) (Souberiaii) 1831 . (Holmes Coote) 1847 ., (James Simpson), .

. , (Edmund Andrews) 1868 . ( 20%). . , - , . , , , . (, , , , ), 1960 . , . , : ( ) 1951 ., 1956 .; ( 1958 ., 1960 ), ( 1963 ., 1973 ) ( 1965 ., 1981 ). . , ( 1992 ), , . Ce , - , , 1995 .

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(Carl Koller), , 1884 . . 1855 . (Gaedicke) 1860 . (Albert Neimann). B 1884 . (William Halsted) ( , , ). (August Bier) 1898 ., 3 0,5% . 1908 . ( ). 1904 . (Alfred Einhorn) , (Heinrich Braun). . 1901 . (Ferdinand Cathelin Jean Sicard). 1921 . (Fidel Pages) , , 1931 . (Achille Dogliotti). B (1930 ), (1932 ), (1947 ), (1955 ), (1957 ), (1960 ), (1963 ) (1972 ). - , .

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, 1855 . (Alexander Wood) . ( [Ore] 1872 ), ( [Burkhardt] 1909 ) ( [Bredenfeld] 1916 ). 1903 . (Fischer) (von Mering). , , (), 1927 . . , 1932 . (Volwiler) (Tabern), (John Lundy) (Ralph Waters) 1934 . . .. (V.. Stoelting) 1957 . , . 1957 . , - (1959 ), (1971 ) (1976 ) - , , . 1962 . (Stevens), 1965 . (Corssen) (Domino), 1970 . , . 1964 . 1972 .; - . 1989 . ( ). .

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( ) (Harold Griffith) (Enid Jonson) 1942 . . . , , . .

- , , , . , , . , , , , . (Bovet) 1949 . 1951 .; . , . , , , . - ; , .

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1805 . (Serturner) . , , . , 1939 . .

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. (John Snow), , , , . . ( : , , - , - ) 1847 . - (On the Inhalation of Ether). , . , . - (On Chloroform and Other Anaesthetics) - 1858 .

- T. (Joseph T. Clover). , . , , , ( ).

(Frederick Hewitt) - XIX . , - . - , . , , . 1893 . .. (J. F. SiIk) - - (the Society of Anaesthetists).

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XIX . . , , -, , , . - , , () (Kleveland) . - - (Long Island Society of Anesthetists), 1911 . - (New York Society of Anesthetists), 1936 . . (American Society of Anesthetists), , 1945 ., (the American Society of Anesthesiologists - ASA). : E. (Arthur E. Guedel), M. (Ralph M. Waters) . (John S. Lundy). , , , . ( ). XIX . : - (William -Ewen) , ' (Joseph O'Dwyer) (Franz Kuhn) . 1920 . (Ivan Magill) (Stanley Rowbotham). , .

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. 1933 . . 1937 . (the American Board of Anesthesiology). B 1935 . , (Robert Macintosh) 1937 . . 1947 ., .


1.         " ", . .. , . , . , - . .. , ... .. , - . .. , ... .. , .. ; . ... .. , ... .. ; "" 2001

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