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. (, ), , , . , , -, , , , , , . -, -, - , . : ( , 380 ), , (), (-), --, -, . (240 ) - . , , . , , - , Ni (70 % ), 90 % . , . , , . , , , . , - (1, 5 25), , .
, . -, , , , , , . . . [1, c. 410] , , ( ). .
, , , - .
, , , . , , , . , , . , . . , [2] . , , . .
, . ( ) - 250 270 , . ( -) , , (, -, , , ) 1, 5 2 ( , 2, 0 2, 5 2) .
, . - -- 34 (!) [3]. ( ), , . - , , , , . , , , . - , , . ( , 2): 1, 3 (0, 1); 1, 8 (0); 2 (0); 3, 6 (0, 45).
( ) 4, 2 2 ( 1, 4 2). , , , , , . .
. , , , .
1. - ( ) - (, . 1): I. . II. --. III. -. IV. -. V. .
VI. . VII. -. VIII. - . IX. .
I. . , . : ( ), ( ), -, , . - . , -, , . , - : (W, Mo, Bi, Sn, As ). , -, .
, , , , , - . , : 1 , , - () (305293 ); 2 , ( , 260 ), , , 6 % ; 3 , (, , , -); 4 235 6 (, ); 5 (310280 ) , Fe, W (); (, , ); (); 6 (270250 ) : Li- Sn, W (-, ); ( , ); (); ( ); (, ).
II. -- . , - . , , , . - -, , , , , , , , - , . , 100200 . , .
13 ( 4 ) : . , . . . [10, . 6266]. V. V. Zaykov et al. [11, . 322] . , , -, -, -, -. . , ( -, ). - 12 . - .
, . ( , 380 , ), , (), (-), --, -, . , . V, 430410 , - 300 [12; 13, . 132, 133]. (325285 ) , . I , , , , .
, , , , . . . - , , : , 0, 270, 21 ( ).
- 270260 (). , , 30 5 .
, . (60 42 .., 56 56 ..) . . Nb25 0, 10, 2 % [14, . 50].
[13, . 134] . , , 1930 ., [15, . 417]. 70 % , ( 16, 7 %), . , [15, . 333].
- , : , -, , . , , .
6000 2000 . , , ( - ) - . . , - . [10, . 5156, 61]. ( + , ), . . (1958 .) - : 1 - ( ); 2 - ; 3 , , ; 4 , ; 5 - , , . , , .
[13, . 148154]: 1 ;
2 - - , , ; 3 - - (?) ; 4 - -, , .
400 2000 . , 320 310 ( ), [13]. , , - - , [16, . 114160], - () . - , - - . , 2 ( ). -. 1 . 2-3, , . , , ( 0, 80, 9 ). . . , 1 , .
(- , , (, Ni)3C, ) [16, . 141].
(270260 , ), , Au, Bi, Co. . , , Pb, Zn, Sn, Mo, Bi, Au. . -, - -. - - , . , (- -), , [10, . 5156, 61].
A. Yakubchuk et al. [17] , - - -. - : 1 - - ; 2 - - ; 3 - - . . 2 ( ) : -.
-, - 2 . . , -. U-Pb (SHRIMP-II) . 295280 ( ). 900 400 ; . , , . 230210 ( ). 320305 . Cu-Mo-Au (Kalmakyr Dalnee) Au Cu. - (Ulan) - 303 + 3 . ( ) - ( ) . , , - 295280 . [18].
R. I. Koneev [19] , , , - . 8085 , 50 [15, . 346]). R. I. Koneev - -, , , , . : (, , , , , , , ), (, , , , , , ), (, , , -1). , .
. , , . N. Pak [18], , , 1000 Au, (Makmal) 60 , (Jerooy) 80 , (Taldybulak Levoberezhny) 80 .
- --- (), , , , -. - , - ( 2), ( 3), , - ( 4). ( 260 , ) (225215 , ). , -. -
. 2. -. D. Konopelko, [17, . 3]. ( ) : - , .
17 % -- - 35 , .
[20].
III. . - (-, --) -. , 150 . , -, - . 1, 5 . 200300 350 , , , 265230 . : , , , . - - . 23 . , , , - [10, . 85, 86].
, , . , ( 1450 ) ( ), F. V. Larin, D. V. Rundkvist, E. Yu. Rytsk [21] 350290 ( , ).
-- , . . . , . . , . . (2006 .), -- , , . , . . , . . , . . , . . , , 202213 . .
- , , - , . - - .
Nb-Zr-REE- . (, , ) , (Khanbogd), , . . . (1981 .), 362 245 (K-Ar), . . . Rb-Sr (Khanbogd) 282 21 ( ). Rb-Sr : 295 5, 3 , . , , . .
(244, 9 22, 4 ) (Lugiingol), , . , , , () . 14 . [22].
Cu-Mo (Erdenetiin Ovoo, Erdenet). Orkhon-Selenge, - . 1, 78 0, 62 % Cu, 0, 025 % Mo. , , ( ) , . , , , , , . . , . , . : - ; ; . .
, , - . Y. Watanabe et H. Stein [23], o 240 , . . [24].
IV. - . , (235, 220 ). . (Fild), . . , [25].
V. . . (Iskut), , . , , Au, Ag, Cu , (Hg, As, Sb). . -- (Mount Pleasant). [6, . 120]. 7, 1 , 0, 62 % Sn, 0, 65 % Zn, 0, 05 % Bi, 90 / In, 0, 12 % u, 0, 08 % WO3, 0, 04 % . Fire Tower 9 (0, 03 % Sn, 0, 08 % Zn, 0, 1 % Bi, 0, 05 % Cu, 0, 2 % Mo, 0, 4 % WO3, 30 / In) [8, . 186].
(Greens Creek) , 665 / [6, c. 123].
VI. . (244, 9 22, 4 ) (Lugiingol). ( 14 . ).
J. W. Mao et al. [26] - - , - . 1980- . 20 , . . Re-Os , 285 275 . SHRIMP U-Pb .
(Qingerblar), (Hongling), (Kalatongke), (Tulaergen), (Baquishiquan), (Luobei), - (Huangshan-Jongerquan) , , , , . - , . - , . , - [26].
VII. - . - , , [27, . 89]. - ( ), - () - () , - - . ( -) , , (, -, , , ) 1, 5 2 ( , 2, 0 2, 5 2). . . [27], . . . . , 5 , 13 . , , . , Fe2[SiO4] 40 %, 80 %.
, , , , . . . [27, . 91] , , , , . , 10 % . , .
- , [28, . 88]. - 250300 , , , 1500 , , 1000 -. , - 2, 53, 0 - 0, 51, 5 .
, - (, , -,
, , , , , , .). R, Ta, Nb . . , (250 , 42 2) , , . . 41 124 , 32, 25 41, 26 % (33, 17 % 88). 2, 2 10 810 ( 32, 644, 19 % , 1, 24, 7 % ). 1, 5 [8, . 87]. , 250 . - - [8].
( , , , ( ), -, ) (310200 ) . [29]. , - , . , . , , . - , 90 . , .
, .
, , (, , - ). Ni, 90 % , 70 % [15].
VIII. - . () , . - -, - . 350250 (Re-Os), (70 65 ) [5, . 373, 374]. . , , (Besshi). (, , ) 1, 6 [7, . 5457].
- ( . ). - , - . - , . (220216 , Ar-Ar U-Pb) [30].
, - , () (Sungai Lembing).
(Belitung, ), (Bangka), [6, c. 123].
I. . - - ( ). Sn-W-Bi, Pb-Zn, Au-Ag, Cu- , [31].
2. -
( )
- ( ), : I. . II. -.
III. . IV. .
V. - (. 3).
I. . , . , . . , , . . ( 6 %) - . , , . (- ) , . : , . ( ), , Ag, Ni, Co, Mo, V, . , , , . . . , [13, c. 168, 169]. , , ( ).
- , , , , -, .
- .
, , P1. [32, . 516]. , , P2t1nu1 P2t1sh1 . ; 0450 . , , ( 0, 01 %) . - () , . . , 3 . 0, 11 %. , . . . , .
- - 10 . 2. . - 30 .
4 . , .
- . , , , . , -. 99
. 3. , ( , 310205 ) ( . . 1): 12 , : 1 , , , , - , 2 . . . 1. - , : I , II -, III , IV , V -
. - 1, 65 3 , , - - 2, 0 . , , 757 , 3003900 , 20 100150 . 2 7, 7 26, 45 %. 2 141 495 . . , : ( 20 10 ), (175 2), (15 2, , 130 ), (60 2, 10 649, 1 . 2, 14, 88 % 2), (2528 58 ), (37 56 ) . [33].
II. - . (-) ( , ). , . , , . , , . , . , Mn4+Mn2 2+O4 . -, . , - , . . .
. - . 40 , ( : , , Mn3[BO3]2, ( ). - . - , MnS, , MnAl2O4, 4Mn2SiO4Mn(OH, F)2, . (Mn, Fe)8[(OH, Cl)10Si6O15] . , , , , , , (Mn, Ca)3[Si3O9], . - - . MnTiO3 [7].
( ) , , . , . : 1 , . ; 2 , . , - ; 3 , . , . ; 4 , . , -; 5 , . , , ( , , ) [34]. - . : 1 (. ); 2 - ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 - . ; 7 ;
8 ; 9 . : , .
( , , ); , - ; ( ), , [34, . 210213].
III. , , (1, 5 25 [35, . 54]). - .
.
. . [36] , , . ( , ), . 150 . . . , . , , , . - . , , . .
, . , , (), (), ( ). , (, , , , , [37].
( ) .
[34].
IV. . - , , - . 0, 6 26 , , . , , . (Cu, Re, )S4.
- - , , , , , , , , (, , ). Pb, Zn, Ag, Re () (-) ( , -, , , ) [37, 38].
- ( 5 2). 89 / Au [38].
V. - . (), (, ), ( ).
, , . 1035 3, 5 1, 5 .
, , , -, , , -. Y Sc - [14].
- (- - ). 17 0, 3 - . 0, 5 20 /, 12 /. . (35 /). . (0, 50, 8 2, 5 ) . 1, 7 %, 226 0, 04 14 / [39].
- . [29].
, . ( ), , , , ( ).
, ( ), - , , , . - , .
, . (270260 , ), , Au, Bi, Co. . , , Pb, Zn, Sn, Mo, Bi, Au, [13].
, . -- - (-) - [6, . 120; 13, c. 82], - . -- (, Camborne-Redruth, Caradon, St. Just [6, c. 123] (-, ) .
- - (Barruecopardo) [6, c. 119]. - (Sungai Lembing). (Belitung, ), (Bangka), [6, c. 123].
() (320230 ) , Fe-Pb-Zn , Cu-Mo , Nb-Zr-REE . Cu-Mo (Erdenetiin Ovoo, Erdenet) Orkhon-Selenge, - ( 1, 78 0, 62 % Cu, 0, 025 % Mo). o 240 , . . [2224].
, .
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