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: XIX .
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1. . 4
2. XIX . 5
3. XIX . 8
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. XVII . , La Gazette. La Gazette . . , , . , , . . . , , , , . , , .
XVIII . , , . XIX , ; .
1.
XVIII . ( , ) . XVII-XVIII : , , , . . , , XIX .
XIX , - . XIX , ; ; , , ; . ; , , , .
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2. XIX .
XIX , . 1851 . , 1855 . , 1861 . 1881 . . , , 1881 . . , .
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Times. , , Times 500 000 ; , 1905 ., 33,5%, , . 5 (60 45 ), , , , , , , . , , , . , , , , Times.
1846 ., , Daily News. . , , . . , , , . . , , , ; , 200 000 , . , , - , . Daily News 90 000 . , , 1904 . .
Daile Telegraph Standard. Daily Telegraph'a . , , , . Daily Telegraph . .
Standard, 1857 . , , .
90- . XIX . . , , , , , . Daily Express, 1900 . . . , Daily Mail, 1896 . . . , , .
. Athenaum ( 1828 .), Spectator ( 1829 .), Saturday Review ( 1855 .), Academy ( 1869 .), Speaker ( 1890 .), Review of Reviews, , Monthly Review, National Review , .
3. XIX .
. XIX , . , , , , . ; , . , . . , , . , , .
30- . , . , - penny presse.
, , - . The Sun, 1833 . 1851 . . , . Sun New-York Herald 1841 . Tribune .
Philadelphia Ledger, 1836 ., ; Boston Herald, Washigton Post, Louis-ville Courrier Journal Cleveland Leader. , , , .
4.
, . , , ; , . ; 1780- . .
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1812 .; , , . 1847 . 1857 . , .
, , II . , , , 1863 . , , , , , , 1869 . .
. 1820 . ; , , , , . . , 1856 ., , , ( 1862 .) , (1887 .) .
. XIX . , 1863 ., 1881 . . . 1868 . .. , 1876 . .. , , . , . ?.
1882 . , , . , . ; . , 1870 . , , 1905 . .
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XIX , .
1. : . .: 2001.
2. .. , , . .: 1991.
3. .. .
4. . . .: 1995.
: XIX . . 3 1. . 4 2. XIX . 5 3. XIX
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