,,,
: (1981 .)
1981 . IBM -, - IBM PC. , . IBM PC : - .
, , , . 60- - 70- . , (). , . , , - ( ).
, , . . . , - . , , - - , , , . - , . "" , "" , . , , . : , .
1971 . Intel 4004. , , . , , . , , - , , .
, , . MITS, 1975 . Altair Intel 8080. ... 256 , . "" , Commodore PET, Radio Shack TRS-80 (!) Apple II. , , . "" , , Apple I . "" , . Apple II "" , " " , , : Apple II , . , " ", . Apple II . -, 1978 . , -, - VisiCalc, . "" .
Apple II "" - , , , " , ". . 70- 8080 Z80, - CP/M Digital Research. CP/M , -, .
: , , , .
: (1982-83)
, 80- IBM, . , , , , " , ..." . : , IBM .
, , . , , : , , : , IBM , - . , , , Microsoft.
, IBM Digital Research CP/M 8088/86, - . DR , Microsoft - , , , PC-DOS.
IBM PC 8088, 64- 160 . 2880 . IBM PC 1981 ., 35 . .
: , , IBM PC . , , . 256 ( - , 640 , ""), ( ), . PC , .
IBM PC , . , - , PC-DOS, MS-DOS DOS - . " ", . IBM, . , - . Digital Equipment Rainbow, AT&T 6300 Texas Instruments Professional. DOS, , - , . , . "" Lotus 1-2-3 Microsoft Flight Simulator.
1983 . Compaq, Texas Instruments, , IBM- . Compaq , , . , "" 12 ...
(1984-86)
Compaq , 1984 . "". IBM . -, , PCjr ("PC ."). 8088, , 1300 . : . . IBM PC AT. , . : 16- ( ) EGA 640350 16 , IBM Microsoft DOS 3.0, , . IBM . TopView , , . , , " ", . . BIOS, . , , TopView, ...
1984 . , . , Hewlett-Packard .
1984 . ( PC AT) Macintosh ( !) , "" , . : Commodore 64 Atari 800 , "" , . Apple Macintosh . Apple III . Lisa, . , 10 . . . Macintosh, Lisa ( "" Xerox), .
Macintosh . . PC , , . WordPerfect Lotus 1-2-3, DOS. Macintosh - . .
, 1983 1985 . , , PC II (, IBM) DOS. , , . 1986 . Compaq ALR Intel 386, IBM.
: (1987-89)
1987 . IBM . PS/2. IBM . , , 386, IBM. "" 3,5- - Macintosh . : (MCA) VGA.
, IBM , , , . , - VGA. 3,5- , . MCA . , , AT-386 IBM. EISA, 32- . MCA, IBM, , MCA.
IBM . IBM Microsoft - OS/2. Microsoft " DOS", , IBM. , , OS/2. DOS : 640 , , .
IBM-Microsoft . OS/2 1.0, 1987 ., 16 - 286. 1.1, 1988 ., - .
: 286, IBM, Microsoft. "-IBM'" OS/2, (Extended Edition), , - , OS/2 PS/2 .
Microsoft Windows ( ), DOS OS/2. 1987 . Windows 2.0, , . , SAA (System Application Architecture), IBM, , IBM. 8088/8086, 286, , - . Microsoft Windows 286 386; , 16 . Windows OS/2, IBM Microsoft .
- Windows OS/2; -. : Microsoft Windows, , OS/2, IBM OS/2 .
- , , , . , . , , - DOS ISA. IBM , . , - , : . Windows 3.0 -
: "Windows-" (1990-94)
Windows 3.0 DOS, . , . Presentation Manager - (Program Manager) (File Manager).
Windows 3.0 IBM Microsoft OS/2, OS/2 2.0, 32- , 1992 . IBM OS/2 , Microsoft "" OS/2 . Microsoft OS/2 3.0 ( OS/2 Warp 3.0), . , Windows- Posix-. Windows NT , DOS, Windows, OS/2.
. OS/2 , , IBM Windows. OS/2 Warp 3.0, , .
Microsoft , . .
80- 90- . Wintel. 1989 . Intel 486, IBM Compaq. , . - Windows Intel.
.., .. , - ., -.,1997. 230.
., ., . . // - 1996 - N5.
.. // - 1996 - N5.
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: (1981 .) 1981 . IBM -, - IBM PC.
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