. , , ,

,,,

,

1993 , . . (), () -2, . 2- , , , Discovery 2400 CM/D. V.22 bis ( . 1, (ITU-T), (CCITT)), 1957 , MNP-5 ( . 4) MNP-4. , , , , . , , . , , , , ( ) ( ) .

V.32 bis 14400 /. . Unicom 1414 VQE, USRobotics, ZyXEL. , HST ZyX ( . 3, ). 14400 16800 /, 4800 9600 /. , : ? .

. 1.

, / / /
V.21 1964/1984 200/300 FDX(FDM) PSTN FSK
V.22 1980/1988 1200 FDX(FDM) PSTN DPSK
V.22 bis 1984/1988 2400 FDX(FDM) PSTN QAM
V.23 1964/1988 1200 HDX PSTN FSK
V.26 1968/1984 2400 HDX Private DPSK
V.26 bis 1972/1984 2400 HDX PSTN DPSK
V.26 ter 1984/1988 2400 FDX(EC) PSTN DPSK
V.27 1972/1984 4800 HDX Private DPSK
V.27 bis 1976/1984 4800 HDX Private DPSK
V.27 ter 1976/1984 4800 HDX PSTN DPSK
V.29 1976/1988 9600 HDX Private QAM
V.32 1984/1988 9600 FDX(EC) PSTN QAM/TCM
V.33 1985/1988 14400 FDX Private TCM
V.17 1991 14400 FDX(EC) PSTN TCM
V.32 bis 1991 14400 FDX(EC) PSTN TCM
V.34 1996 33600 FDX PSTN QAM
V.90 1998 56700/33600 FDX PSTN PCM/QAM
V.92 2000 56700/48000 FDX PSTN PCM

? 1994 () TDA-2 TDA-3 -є , 50. , -є, , .

. 1, , , , , . , , , :

o     . , , (-) . (), -60. 300 3400 . 12 -60 450 - 2850 .

o     . .

o     (). , .

o     . , .

o     . , , , - ().

, , . . V.21 - V.27, AT&T, . 2. , , V.29, , .

. 2. AT&T

, / / /
Bell 103J 300 FDX(FDM) PSTN FSK
Bell 108 300 FDX(FDM) PSTN FSK
Bell 113 300 FDX(FDM) PSTN FSK
Bell202 1200 FDX(FDM) Private DPSK
Bell212A 1200 FDX(FDM) PSTN DPSK
Bell 201 2400 HDX PSTN DPSK
Bell 208 4800 HDX Private QAM

, , , , . , , V.33 V.32, V.32 bis , , , 600 3000 . , . 3:

o     Express 96 "Ping Pong Protocol". Hayes 1987 Smartmodem 9600. , Express 96 ( Hayes " Ping Pong Protocol"). V.32. .

o     CompuCom CSP. , V.32, CompuCom 1991 SpeedModem Champ. 9600 / , CSP. SpeedModem Champ , , V.32. CompuCom 1992 .

o     HST. HST U.S.Robotics Courier 1989 .

. 3.

, / / /
CSP 1991 9600 FDX(EC) PSTN QAM/TCM
Express96 1987 9600 FDX(EC) PSTN QAM/TCM
V.32 ter 1993 19200/16800 FDX(EC) PSTN TCM
V.32 ter/ASL 21600 FDX(EC) PSTN TCM
ZyX 19200/16800 FDX(EC) PSTN TCM
HST 1992 16800/14400 FDX PSTN TCM
HST/ASL 21600 FDX PSTN TCM
PEP 1988 19200 HDX PSTN QAM
TurboPEP 23000 HDX PSTN TCM
V.fast 1994 28800 FDX PSTN TCM
X2 1997 56700/33600 FDX PSTN PCM/QAM
K56Flex 1997 56700/33600 FDX PSTN PCM/QAM

PEP Telebit TrailBlazer (PEP) WorldBlazer (TurboPEP), 1985 , 1988 19200 /, 23000 /. . , , , . , .

. , . , , , , , , . , .

, . , , , , , , . , - , - , . -2 , .

. , 14400 9600 /, . , , , . . . , .

- , , , , . 60- . , , , : , 1200 2400 /. , , , , , . , 90 %, . , . , , .

, , 90-. MSP Multi-Tech System. ?

ASVD, V.61, , , . , , .

DSVD, V.70, , . , . , , . .

, . , .

V.34

: HST, ZyX, V.32terbo 16800 19200 /. V.32bis. . , 28800 / - V.fast. 1996 V.34, 17 . , PEP TurboPEP, . 33600 / , , , 31200 /, . .

, . , , TDA-3, . : Paradyne COMSPHERE 3920 Plus, ZyXEL 2864, ZyXEL 288S, ZyXEL 1496, ZyXEL 1496 Plus, Unicom 1414VQE, US Robotics Courier V. Everything, Discovery CM/D 2400.

, , , , . , -є. , , (V.34) ( 9600 /) . . , , . . 1 . , , . 1.


. 1. - : 1 - 3 - 1024, 512, 256 , 4 - , 5 -

. 1997 , 56700 / X2 (3Com-USRobotics) K56Flex (Lucent Technologies (AT&T), Motorola, Rockwell), 1998 V.90 ITU, 11 K56Flex 1 X2. . 56700 /, 33600 /, V.34. (- ) . ( ) 32, 40, 64 /, V.90 .

? , , . , , , . 3100 /. , V.34 , . .

. , , , , , . - . . 4. , V.42 V.42bis, . . 4 , SDC, X.25, Frame Relay, SDLC, PPP.

. 4.

,

V.41 ITU, 1968, 1972
V.42 ITU, 1988
V.42bis ITU, 1990
V.43 ITU, 1998
V.44 ITU, 2000
BTLZ British Telecom
ADC Hayes
ACT Formula
MNP1 Microcom
MNP2 Microcom
MNP3 Microcom
MNP4 Microcom
MNP5 Microcom
MNP7 Microcom
MNP9 Microcom
MNP10 Microcom
ETC AT&T, 1993
SDC Motorola ,

( , .), , - . , . , , , . , , , . 9600 /. : MNP10, ETC, HST, ZyCELL.

ETC V.32bis V.42. , ( /, ), , V.22 1200 /, 4800 /, , , 32 128 , , 20 , .

MNP10 , .

ZyCELL , 0,2 1,2 , .

, , . 4800 /, . 1998 , UMTS. . 144 / , 384 / , 2 / .

8 2000 . V.92, V.44, V.59. . ?

V.92, 33,6 (V.90) 48 /. . (- ). , - - . 24 48 / 1,333 / V.90. , 20 (V.90) 10 .

V.44 6:1, 25 % V.42bis, 4:1. 300 /. , , 115,2 /. LZJH, US-based Hughes Network System.

, , V.59 , 0 16 .

, , . , V.90 . , 115200 / .

V.90, , . V.90 V.92 , - . , V.34. ? ?

, , , . , 56 /. . V.42 . , , V.70.

V.90 - ?

V.90 56 Kbps? , - -- ( !) . "" , 33600 bps, V.34.

ITU-T, V.90 Internet , . , , . , . , --, Ascend, Cisco, Livingston 3C, V.90. , $400, , , .

, , V.90, , V.90, 56 Kbps, ! 28800 31200 bps, , . , V.90, 90% , V.34.

V.90 V.PCM (Pulse Coded Modulation) - ( . " ", #5, 1998). V.34 . , V.90 , , . PCM, .

, V.90 . . , .

8 kHz, -- 256, , 64 Kbps. 56 bps V.90? , 64 56 bps . -, , , -, .

-- 2400, 4800, 7200, 9600, 12000, 14400, 16800, 19200, 21600, 24000, 26400, 28800, 31200 33600 bps. , , . V.90 -- 28000, 29333, 30666, 32000, 33333, 34666, 36000, 37333, 38666, 40000, 41333, 42666, 44000, 45333, 46666, 48000, 49333, 50666, 52000, 53333, 54666, 56000 57333 bps. 15 , (FCC), , 53 Kbps . V.90 53 Kbps. , 44 Kbps.

c V.90


V.90 Internet 49333 bps. , , .

, , V.90 - . ITU-T, V.90 . , . , V.90 , , ( 44 bps), , . . . , , V.90. , Internet, , , , . . 10--20%. , , , .

V.90:

. 56- (x2 K56flex) V.90. ? - . : V.90 - .

. V.90 , . , , 56 /. , V.90 V.34 50%- . , , . "-V.90" , 56 /, . , 33,6 / . , Internet V.90; x2 K56flex.

V.90? , 33,6 / , Internet , 33,6 /. , V.90 . " 64 /, - Dataquest . - 56 64 / , - - ". . , ISDN , DSL . , , V.90, , .

V.90 . 5,5 , , 33,6 /. ( ) V.34 21,6 /, V.90. ; 56 /. x2 K56flex, , , : V.90 - .

, , , - . , 100 . 155 . - NetPacer Pro Maxtech - 45 .

, ( 33,6 56 /), , . .

-, "" . , , ( ), . - , . , , .

-, , , , .

-, . V.90 x2 K56flex, . V.90 x2 (, , USR/TI), , x2. , K56flex; Rockwell. , x2 x2 K56flex K56flex 23%. , V.90 x2 K56flex. , .

, -, . , , 90% , , 80% , .

-. , .


, .

, , (. . PCI IBM), , , ( ISA IBM). . , , , . , , Excel, - . , PCI- , . , PCI- , , . , , , .

, , . , Rockwell "" Ascend, Rockwell. , , , , , , . . , .

. , V.90, . , Web- .

V.90 , . , . , V.90, Internet . : V.90 1999 . , V.90 .

, V.90 , , x2, K56flex V.34.

, , . , . , . , . , , , . , , - . , , , . , , x2 K56flex.

, , V.90 .

x2 K56flex, V.90. ? x2 K56flex -. Web- - . Web- , , V.90

1993 , . .

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :