,,,
1993 , . . (), () -2, . 2- , , , Discovery 2400 CM/D. V.22 bis ( . 1, (ITU-T), (CCITT)), 1957 , MNP-5 ( . 4) MNP-4. , , , , . , , . , , , , ( ) ( ) .
V.32 bis 14400 /. . Unicom 1414 VQE, USRobotics, ZyXEL. , HST ZyX ( . 3, ). 14400 16800 /, 4800 9600 /. , : ? .
. 1.
, / | / | / | |||
V.21 | 1964/1984 | 200/300 | FDX(FDM) | PSTN | FSK |
V.22 | 1980/1988 | 1200 | FDX(FDM) | PSTN | DPSK |
V.22 bis | 1984/1988 | 2400 | FDX(FDM) | PSTN | QAM |
V.23 | 1964/1988 | 1200 | HDX | PSTN | FSK |
V.26 | 1968/1984 | 2400 | HDX | Private | DPSK |
V.26 bis | 1972/1984 | 2400 | HDX | PSTN | DPSK |
V.26 ter | 1984/1988 | 2400 | FDX(EC) | PSTN | DPSK |
V.27 | 1972/1984 | 4800 | HDX | Private | DPSK |
V.27 bis | 1976/1984 | 4800 | HDX | Private | DPSK |
V.27 ter | 1976/1984 | 4800 | HDX | PSTN | DPSK |
V.29 | 1976/1988 | 9600 | HDX | Private | QAM |
V.32 | 1984/1988 | 9600 | FDX(EC) | PSTN | QAM/TCM |
V.33 | 1985/1988 | 14400 | FDX | Private | TCM |
V.17 | 1991 | 14400 | FDX(EC) | PSTN | TCM |
V.32 bis | 1991 | 14400 | FDX(EC) | PSTN | TCM |
V.34 | 1996 | 33600 | FDX | PSTN | QAM |
V.90 | 1998 | 56700/33600 | FDX | PSTN | PCM/QAM |
V.92 | 2000 | 56700/48000 | FDX | PSTN | PCM |
? 1994 () TDA-2 TDA-3 -є , 50. , -є, , .
. 1, , , , , . , , , :
o . , , (-) . (), -60. 300 3400 . 12 -60 450 - 2850 .
o . .
o (). , .
o . , .
o . , , , - ().
, , . . V.21 - V.27, AT&T, . 2. , , V.29, , .
. 2. AT&T
, / | / | / | ||
Bell 103J | 300 | FDX(FDM) | PSTN | FSK |
Bell 108 | 300 | FDX(FDM) | PSTN | FSK |
Bell 113 | 300 | FDX(FDM) | PSTN | FSK |
Bell202 | 1200 | FDX(FDM) | Private | DPSK |
Bell212A | 1200 | FDX(FDM) | PSTN | DPSK |
Bell 201 | 2400 | HDX | PSTN | DPSK |
Bell 208 | 4800 | HDX | Private | QAM |
, , , , . , , V.33 V.32, V.32 bis , , , 600 3000 . , . 3:
o Express 96 "Ping Pong Protocol". Hayes 1987 Smartmodem 9600. , Express 96 ( Hayes " Ping Pong Protocol"). V.32. .
o CompuCom CSP. , V.32, CompuCom 1991 SpeedModem Champ. 9600 / , CSP. SpeedModem Champ , , V.32. CompuCom 1992 .
o HST. HST U.S.Robotics Courier 1989 .
. 3.
, / | / | / | |||
CSP | 1991 | 9600 | FDX(EC) | PSTN | QAM/TCM |
Express96 | 1987 | 9600 | FDX(EC) | PSTN | QAM/TCM |
V.32 ter | 1993 | 19200/16800 | FDX(EC) | PSTN | TCM |
V.32 ter/ASL | 21600 | FDX(EC) | PSTN | TCM | |
ZyX | 19200/16800 | FDX(EC) | PSTN | TCM | |
HST | 1992 | 16800/14400 | FDX | PSTN | TCM |
HST/ASL | 21600 | FDX | PSTN | TCM | |
PEP | 1988 | 19200 | HDX | PSTN | QAM |
TurboPEP | 23000 | HDX | PSTN | TCM | |
V.fast | 1994 | 28800 | FDX | PSTN | TCM |
X2 | 1997 | 56700/33600 | FDX | PSTN | PCM/QAM |
K56Flex | 1997 | 56700/33600 | FDX | PSTN | PCM/QAM |
PEP Telebit TrailBlazer (PEP) WorldBlazer (TurboPEP), 1985 , 1988 19200 /, 23000 /. . , , , . , .
. , . , , , , , , . , .
, . , , , , , , . , - , - , . -2 , .
. , 14400 9600 /, . , , , . . . , .
- , , , , . 60- . , , , : , 1200 2400 /. , , , , , . , 90 %, . , . , , .
, , 90-. MSP Multi-Tech System. ?
ASVD, V.61, , , . , , .
DSVD, V.70, , . , . , , . .
, . , .
V.34
: HST, ZyX, V.32terbo 16800 19200 /. V.32bis. . , 28800 / - V.fast. 1996 V.34, 17 . , PEP TurboPEP, . 33600 / , , , 31200 /, . .
, . , , TDA-3, . : Paradyne COMSPHERE 3920 Plus, ZyXEL 2864, ZyXEL 288S, ZyXEL 1496, ZyXEL 1496 Plus, Unicom 1414VQE, US Robotics Courier V. Everything, Discovery CM/D 2400.
, , , , . , -є. , , (V.34) ( 9600 /) . . , , . . 1 . , , . 1.
. 1. - : 1 - 3 - 1024, 512, 256 , 4 - , 5 -
. 1997 , 56700 / X2 (3Com-USRobotics) K56Flex (Lucent Technologies (AT&T), Motorola, Rockwell), 1998 V.90 ITU, 11 K56Flex 1 X2. . 56700 /, 33600 /, V.34. (- ) . ( ) 32, 40, 64 /, V.90 .
? , , . , , , . 3100 /. , V.34 , . .
. , , , , , . - . . 4. , V.42 V.42bis, . . 4 , SDC, X.25, Frame Relay, SDLC, PPP.
. 4.
,
|
||
V.41 | ITU, 1968, 1972 | |
V.42 | ITU, 1988 | |
V.42bis | ITU, 1990 | |
V.43 | ITU, 1998 | |
V.44 | ITU, 2000 | |
BTLZ | British Telecom | |
ADC | Hayes | |
ACT | Formula | |
MNP1 | Microcom | |
MNP2 | Microcom | |
MNP3 | Microcom | |
MNP4 | Microcom | |
MNP5 | Microcom | |
MNP7 | Microcom | |
MNP9 | Microcom | |
MNP10 | Microcom | |
ETC | AT&T, 1993 | |
SDC | Motorola | , |
( , .), , - . , . , , , . , , , . 9600 /. : MNP10, ETC, HST, ZyCELL.
ETC V.32bis V.42. , ( /, ), , V.22 1200 /, 4800 /, , , 32 128 , , 20 , .
MNP10 , .
ZyCELL , 0,2 1,2 , .
, , . 4800 /, . 1998 , UMTS. . 144 / , 384 / , 2 / .
8 2000 . V.92, V.44, V.59. . ?
V.92, 33,6 (V.90) 48 /. . (- ). , - - . 24 48 / 1,333 / V.90. , 20 (V.90) 10 .
V.44 6:1, 25 % V.42bis, 4:1. 300 /. , , 115,2 /. LZJH, US-based Hughes Network System.
, , V.59 , 0 16 .
, , . , V.90 . , 115200 / .
V.90, , . V.90 V.92 , - . , V.34. ? ?
, , , . , 56 /. . V.42 . , , V.70.
V.90 - ?
V.90 56 Kbps? , - -- ( !) . "" , 33600 bps, V.34.
ITU-T, V.90 Internet , . , , . , . , --, Ascend, Cisco, Livingston 3C, V.90. , $400, , , .
, , V.90, , V.90, 56 Kbps, ! 28800 31200 bps, , . , V.90, 90% , V.34.
V.90 V.PCM (Pulse Coded Modulation) - ( . " ", #5, 1998). V.34 . , V.90 , , . PCM, .
, V.90 . . , .
8 kHz, -- 256, , 64 Kbps. 56 bps V.90? , 64 56 bps . -, , , -, .
-- 2400, 4800, 7200, 9600, 12000, 14400, 16800, 19200, 21600, 24000, 26400, 28800, 31200 33600 bps. , , . V.90 -- 28000, 29333, 30666, 32000, 33333, 34666, 36000, 37333, 38666, 40000, 41333, 42666, 44000, 45333, 46666, 48000, 49333, 50666, 52000, 53333, 54666, 56000 57333 bps. 15 , (FCC), , 53 Kbps . V.90 53 Kbps. , 44 Kbps.
c V.90
V.90 Internet 49333 bps. , , .
, , V.90 - . ITU-T, V.90 . , . , V.90 , , ( 44 bps), , . . . , , V.90. , Internet, , , , . . 10--20%. , , , .
V.90:
. 56- (x2 K56flex) V.90. ? - . : V.90 - .
. V.90 , . , , 56 /. , V.90 V.34 50%- . , , . "-V.90" , 56 /, . , 33,6 / . , Internet V.90; x2 K56flex.
V.90? , 33,6 / , Internet , 33,6 /. , V.90 . " 64 /, - Dataquest . - 56 64 / , - - ". . , ISDN , DSL . , , V.90, , .
V.90 . 5,5 , , 33,6 /. ( ) V.34 21,6 /, V.90. ; 56 /. x2 K56flex, , , : V.90 - .
, , , - . , 100 . 155 . - NetPacer Pro Maxtech - 45 .
, ( 33,6 56 /), , . .
-, "" . , , ( ), . - , . , , .
-, , , , .
-, . V.90 x2 K56flex, . V.90 x2 (, , USR/TI), , x2. , K56flex; Rockwell. , x2 x2 K56flex K56flex 23%. , V.90 x2 K56flex. , .
, -, . , , 90% , , 80% , .
-. , .
, .
, , (. . PCI IBM), , , ( ISA IBM). . , , , . , , Excel, - . , PCI- , . , PCI- , , . , , , .
, , . , Rockwell "" Ascend, Rockwell. , , , , , , . . , .
. , V.90, . , Web- .
V.90 , . , . , V.90, Internet . : V.90 1999 . , V.90 .
, V.90 , , x2, K56flex V.34.
, , . , . , . , . , , , . , , - . , , , . , , x2 K56flex.
, , V.90 .
x2 K56flex, V.90. ? x2 K56flex -. Web- - . Web- , , V.90
1993 , . .
Copyright (c) 2025 Stud-Baza.ru , , , .