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22 1942 . 38 . 1942 Sylvania Western Electric ( ) , - . .
3.
1925 American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) - Bell Telephone Laboratories. 1936 Bell Telephone Laboratories , , . , - .
, , Bell Telephone Laboratories, , , . 1938 , 26- . : , , , , . ( ) . , , , , . , , . , , . . , . , .
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Bell Telephone Laboratories . 1940- : . , , . . Bell Telephone Laboratories , . , , , .
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. . . , , . - , ( - J. J. Coupling). , , - transconductance. transresistance, , , . .
, , 23 1947 Bell Telephone Laboratories.
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, 30 1948-, -, - Bell Telephone Laboratories, , . , . , .
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Bell Telephone Laboratories . . . $25 000.
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-, Telefunken . , , .
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1944 , , , . , . . , . , , , . , .
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. , . 1952 . Westinghouse . . . , . , ( ), . , . . . . Siemens, , Intermetall, .
, Bell Telephone Laboratories 1951 , 1972 , , , , .
Bell Telephone Laboratories 1967 , .
. Bell Telephone Laboratories 1955 , , Shockly Transistor Corporation. , . , , , , . .
Fairchild Semiconductor, , 1968 Intel.
- , . , 1952 . , Shockly Transistor Corporation . .
. , , , publicity. . , , .
, , . , , . . , , , .
, , , .
19 1947 . . .
1. William F. Brinkman, Douglas E. Haggan, William W. Troutman. A History of the Invention of the Transistor and Where it will lead us // IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. Vol.32, No.12. December 1997.
2. Hugo Gernsback. A Sensational Radio Invention // Radio News. September 1924.
3. . . // . 2004. 46, . 1.
4. ., . . . . // . 1952. 5.
5. ., . // . 2004. 15.
6. Lee . ., A Nonlinear History of Radio. Cambridge University Press. 1998.
7. . // . 2006. 1.
8. Andrew Emmerson. Who really invented Transistor? www.radiobygones.com
9. Michael Riordan. How Europe Missed the Transistor // IEEE Spectrum, Nov. 2005. www.spectrum.ieee.org
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