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1642 "" (G. Baillou), , .
1928 (R. Pemberton) , (1934 ), (1937 ) , , (1988 ).
1940 Bernard Comroe "".
1949 Hollander "" (Arthritis and Allied Conditions).
1942 (Klemperer) " ", .
1946 (Rich) "- " , , .
1952 (Ehnch) " ", "- ".
1
4500 .. , . 123 . 1800 - - (Augustin-Jacob Landre-Beauvais). - " " (goutte asthenique primitif). (Benjamin Brodie) . . . (. . Garrod) " " 1858 1892 , .
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1828 , Biett . 45 (Kaposhi) , .
1845 (Ferdinand von Hebra) "" . 1895 (William Osier) , " ", . 1948 (William Hargraves) LE-. . 1956 (Peter Miescher) LE- . 1958 (George Friou) .
400 . . ", , ; ".
1842 . . (W. D. Chowne) . 1846 (James Startin) . 1860 (Elie Gintrac) "".
1862 (Maurice Raynaud) , .
1964 (Richard Winterbauer), -, CREST (calcinosis), (Raynaud's sclerodactyly) (teleangiectasia). (esophageal dysmotility).
V . . . "gutta", "" . 1600- (Thomas Sydenham) , (Anton van Leeuwenhoek) - , . 1814 (John Want) 40 . 1857 . . (. . Garrod) , , .
1961 . (Joseph Hollander) - (Daniel McCarty) .
1964 (Michael Lesch), -, , (William Nyhan), , ( -, Lesch-Nyhan).
1899 . 1927 . 1933 , . " " . - , , . (Mikulicz), (Gougerot), . , (Hadden), (Leber) (Mikulicz) XIX . (Gougerot) 1925 1933 .
. (Bruce) 1888, . . . 1945 (Bagratuni) - , , . , : (Meulengracht), (Forestier Certonncini), (Kersley).
1957 (Barber), 12 . Healey, , , , . 70- .. , .. , .. . 1976 .
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, , . 1559 , . 100 , 1693 , , , , 10 .
1890- (Adolf Strumpell) (Pierre Marie) . I HLA-B27 (Lee Schlosstein), (Rodney Bluestone) (Paul Terasaki), (Derrick Brewerton), (Caffrey) (Nicholls).
1900- (Hans Reiter) (Fiessinger) (Leroy) , , , , ()
( ) 1975 . . .
- , Borreha burgdorfen, Borrelia burgdorfen 1982 (William Burgdorfer)
1907 (George Hoyt Whipple) " " 36- -. , , , , . " ", , . ,
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-. 50- , - , , . 1933 (Rebecca Lancefield) , . ( Duckett Jones) 1944 . .
, , XIX , (James Paget) (osteitis deformans). . , .
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, , . , , . , , (, - salix) , , . XVIII , . XVIII : , , , , , , . , . 100 (1876 ) (Lancet) , . : . ( ). . , , , . , . .
1874 , . 1898 , (). , , -.
, - () . , (). , . , , . (Geigy) , . , , ( 1949 ) . , , , 1952 , . , 40 . , , CIBA-Geigy . . . CIBA-Geigy, (Domenjoz) . , , . , . , 1960 , , . . , , . , . , .
1966 (Geigy) Alfred Sallmann GP 45840, . , , .
1974 (Novartis) , .
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(Geigy) , . , , ( 1949 ) . , , , 1952 , . , 40 . , , CIBA-Geigy .
1949 , , - , . . , , , , . 1929 , , , , ( ) , . , , , . . , , , . - , , - , , . . , , . , . , , , . , 1948 , . , . , . , 21 1948 , -. - , , , . , , 6 , - . , .
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1941 , , , . , , , , , .
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1944 ( ). . . ( E ). , - . .
1947 , - . 1948 , .
1948 29- , 5 . , , . .
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, 8 ( 1957 ) 800.
1948 . , , . , . . , , .
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, -, , . . 2400 , . 1836 La Farque - - , (Wood) 1855 , . 1857 Aneli. 1894-1897 Luer , , 1906 "" , , . 300 .
- (.. , 1937 ), .
, . 1% 2% 24-72 , , , . . 1989 : , - . Payr, 0,5% . P.F. Matzen 1961 0,5-1% , . F.A. Frost 1980 : (80%), (52%). , S.F. Brena 1980 3 . .. 1908 . .. . .. 1968 80-125 . 60-120 . . .. 1982 .
" " . Kibler Schimmer 1945 , Kron 1948 . 1953 Schubert 0,05 - 0,1% . 1958 P.Berenyi G. Szentpetery 4-6 31 - .
(). 1948 28 . , , Kendall 1934 , F, Kendall, Reichstein, Wintersteiner, Pfiffner 1937-1938 .
Y.W. Thorn 1950 10 , . . , . J.L. Hollander 1951 25 - 37 69 39 . 24 90% , 8 .
, J.L.Hollander 1954 : , , , , , , , . .. 220 , . J.L. Hollander, 200 , , . .. . 1988 , . , , . R.A. Greenwald 1986 , , , , , , , .
. .. 1986 2 20% 50 .
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"Z & W Manufactoring Corporation" 1951-1958 - , 1 500-1500 . "Ped-o-jet", "Hypospray", "Dermo-jet" (), "Vacci-jet" () .
- () .. 1968 , , -, .
. .. . 1974 -1, -2 , .
1956 - M. Ziff, V. Contreras, F.R. Schmid "Hyposprey" . . .
1982 .. .. - "-1" . "-1" .
4
,
(Pierre Auguste Renoir) (1841-1919 .), , 1890 . , , . 1912 . .
(Raoul Dufy) (1877-1943 .), , " " , , , , 60 . 13 , , ( ) . , . - .
(Edith Piaf), (Rosalind Russell) (Katherine Hepburn), (Christian Barnard), (Thomas Jefferson), (James Madison) (Theodore Roosevelt).
- ' (Flannery O'Connor) (Ferdinand Marcos).
(Paul Klee) (1879-1940 .), , 9000 oacx, 56 . "" ("Ein Gestalter"), ; " " ("Stern Visage"), ; " " ("Death and Fire"), ; "" ("Durchhalten") , .
: (Bruce Furniss), (Ed Sullivan), (Gregor Piatigorsky), (Boris Karloff) ( !)
(Peter Paul Rubens) (1577-1640 .), , ( ), 49 . 10 , . " " 63 . , .
(James Buchanan) (1791-1868 .) (Martin van Buren) (1782-1862 .) .
(Ludwig von Beethoven) (1770-1827 .) 26 , 49 ", ", 57-. VIII (Paget). . (Wagner) (Rokitansky) : " , , , , ". , .
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1. .. . .: , 1978.
2. .. : . : , 2004.
3. .. . .: , 1998.
4. .. . . 3-, . . .: , 1967.
5. .. . (16401917): . .: , 1987.
6. .. . ., , 2005.
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