,,,
2
(Jefferson C. Davis), , . , , , . 1884 , 17 .
, , , , . . " " (the Alaska Times), 75 . . , 1873 . , , , . . - ; ; . , - .
. . . .
1877 . , , - (Mottrom D. Ball).
1879
, ,
,
. ,
. . , ,
"" (Osprey).
" " (Alaska Commercial Company).
, . , .
1880 100 , , . : . , 1878 .
, , . , , .
, . , . , , , .
(John Treadwell)
"
Treadwell Mine " ,
.
: 1884. . , , . , , , - , , . 25 . .
1896 (Klondike) - . , , . , . 1898 , (Anvil Creek). (Nome Mining District) 1900 " ", 20 , .
(Tanana
Valley). - (Fairbanks)
(James Wickersham) - . . , . 1905 5 .
. (Chandalar) (Koyukuk). (Coldfoot) (Wiseman). (Kuskokwim) (Innoko) (Iditarod), (McGrath), (Bethel), (Flat) (Ophir).
. . , . , . , , .
1898 . - . 1899 , . . . , . 1900 . .
: . - 1825 . , , .
1898 (Skagway) (Dyea), .
, . , (Richard Alverstone). - "" "" . . , 1903 , - , - .
1900 63 592 . . , . , , , , .
. 1905 . , 70% , 25% - 5% - . , .
1920 " " (Alaska Road
Commission) 7
1912 (Woodrow Wilson)
.
.
1914 ,
( - ) . , - " " (Alaska Engineering Commission), . , . , . , 2 , 1914 4 .
1906 . 1908 (James Wickersham).
1917 , - .
- . , . , . , . - . . , .
1920 , . - - , . , , , . .
.
. .
.
- . (Franklin D. Roosevelt), , . . . . 1932 10 209 . , 1940 26 . 178 .
(Matanuska Valley), . , . 5 . .
. 1934 "Indian Reorganization". , . . , . , .
- , . . 1940 .
, , , , . 1940 . 1945 , ( , " " .). "" , "" . () .
(1939-1945)
. . . 11 300 .
1935 6 ,
.
. (Billy Mitchell) ,
.
,
, . : "
, -
. . , ,
- ."
7 1941 - - , . . 3 1942 , .
: -
(Alaska-Canada Military Highway) , 9
. 20 1942 .
. (Alaska
Highway) .
- 2
, . 1941- 45 2 . . , , , . , , . - . , , , . 1940 1950 74 112 .
.
. , ..
, ,
,
7 1958 - ,
(Dwight D. Eisenhower)
.
, , ... (Cold War). 40 . , , .
, 1959 . 1954 . , 1940 , . , . . . , , , . , : .
, : . 1954 (Ketchikan.) 1957 " ", , (Swanson River) , .
- . 27 1964 17:30 . . 9,2 , 1906 , -. , , 350- 500 . . - , .
, ( )- 114 . ! . (Valdez), . , , . , . (Lyndon B. Johnson) .
, , . , 1966 , . 1967 (Alaska Federation of Natives), .
,
,
,
, .
" ", . - 1973 - . , . 1974 , . 28 1977 . . 9 ! . , 1 200 - .
1985 . . 1986 6 000 .
. , ,
.
, , ,
.
1976. .
25% ,
.
. ,
(Jay S. Hammond),
1974
.
"Exxon Valdez"
, - - "" . , .
23 1989 "Exxon Valdez"
. - (). ,
-
, .
. ,
, .
24
"Exxon" - . . 900 . , . , .
, . , .
(Tony Knowles) - , 1994 .
- - , . , , . , , , .
2 (Jefferson C. Davis), , .
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