,,,
( )
:
1
2009
1 Mercedes
2 BMW
3 Audi
4 Volkswagen
5 Ford
6 Toyota
( .-. αυτο . mobilis ) , , . . , , - . ( ) (. 812R Codex Atlanticus), , . 2004 , . 17691770 . . . , , . , , . , . 1885 . . , 1886 . . . . . XIX . . 1900 . 1906 Stanley 203 /. 1907 50 . 10-15 . . 1000 . 1909 -. , . Stanley 1927 .
1. Mercedes
1901 "" , "--" (Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft). (Gottlieb Daimler) 1890 , , , 1885-1886 , , 4- . 1899 (Wilhelm Maybach), , "-" (Phoenix-Daimler) 4- 24 .., . - (Emile Jellinek), "" - . , 1901 . .
"-355" 4- 5913 3 ( , ) , . , 1902 "-" (Simplex). "40/45PS" "60PS" 6785 9235 3, 90 /.
"" "" 1568 9575 3, . "" (Knight) . "-" 4055 3 1924 . "" , .
"28/95PS" 6- 7250 3, 1921-1922 (), 1,5 . 1923 (Ferdinand Porsche). 4- 1568 2614 3, , 1924 "24/100/140 PS" 6- 6240 3 100-140 .. 1926 "" "" (Benz) "-".
2. BMW
, , - " " (Rapp Motorenwerke) " " (Gustav Otto Flugmaschi-nenfabrik). " -" (Bayerische Flugzeug-werke), 1917 - " " (Bayerische Motorenwerke - " " (BMW)).
, (Max Friz). 1919 , , , 9760 . , , , , .
1923 (Martin Stolle) .
1928 "DA-1", "" (Dixi) " " (Austin Seven). "" , . "-", .
1930 , , (18 ..) 2- " DA-3" (Wartburg). , 1931 . "AM" 4- 782 3 20 .., 15- .
1933- (Fritz Fiedler) . "303", . 6-- , . -315 -- 1490 3 34 .. . , "315/1 ", 40 .. 120 /. .
1936 6- , : "319" "329" 1911 3 40-55 .., "320", "321", "326", "327" "328" 1971 3, - 45 80 .. - . -327 -328 1937-1940 - " " . . 464 . -335 3,5- 90 ..
. , . . (EMW) . . , .
1948 250 3. 1952 , "501" 1951 . "326". 6- 2- 65 ..
1954 "502" 2,6- V8 100 ..
"503", "503 " "507". 3,2- V8 "507" 165 .., - 220 /.
, . 1955 "" (Izetta). 2- 246 3 12 .. 4- -600 582 3 20 .. 1958 . 1959 "700" 2- "" (Michelotti). .
1959-1960 - (Herbert Quandt), .
"1500" 1961 . 5- , , 1,5- 80 .. . "1800", "2000" "2000 Ti".
1964 , "1600" 2- . (1966 ) , "1602", "1802" "2002". 4-- 2- 100 .. , . 1973- "2002" "2002 ", , .
, 60- , , " , ", 10 (1960-1970 .) 160 .
1969 "2500" "2800", "" S-. 6- 150 170 .., ( "3,05" "3,05 ") - 3- 180 ..
1972-. "520", "520I" "525i" 4- 6- 2,0-2,5 115-145 .. 1975 , "316", "318", "320" "320I". 4- 1,6-2,0 90-125 ..
2- . "635CSI" 6- 218 .. 1976 . .
"" S- , 1977 . "2500/2800", . "728", "730" "733I" 6- 2,8-3,2 170-197.. "" "" 6-- 1991 2316 3 122 143 .. 1977 "1". . "1" "M535I" (1979 ) 3,5- 218 .. "M635CSI" (1983 ). 6- 3453 3 286 .., 255 /. "524td" 115 ..
1981-1982 "" "", 1988- 1990- - , .
"", "" S-, 1986 . - "750I" 12- V- 5- 300 ..
, 1985-, 2,3- 200 .., "". 1987- - "5" 315 .. .
1988 2- "Z1", .
1989 "" "". "850I" "750I".
1990 - .
. , 4-, 6-, 8- 12- .
1995 2- "Z3".
3. Audi
1910 . (August Horch) "". , 1899 . , , . : "", - , "" - - "".
"" 4- 2612 3, , "". 3562; 4680 5720 3. : , " ".
. "-". "8/28" 2071 3, . 20- 50- "-" 3,5 . 6- "-", 1924 . 4655 3, . 7 , , . . . 120 /.
8- 4872 3 1928 "R", "" (Imperator). "", (DKW).
(Jorgen Skafte Rasmussen), , "" , "-" (Rickenbacker) . "" 1929 . 6- "" (Dresden) 8- "" (Zwickau). 1931 "" "" 4- "" (Peugeot) 1122 3.
1932 4 , "", "" "" (Wanderer) " " (Auto Union). "" - "" (Front) 6- "" 2257 3, "-920" 6- "" 3281 3.
, , . "" "-" (Trabant). "" , " " . 1957 " 1000". " " " " (Daimler Benz), 1964 , , "" (Volkswagen). 1965 "" . - " 1700" " ", 11,2 72 ..
1969 " " (NSU) - " ". 1984 , " " "". 1965 "" - 70- "60", "75", "80" "100". 1980 "" (Quattro) , "" "" 1,6 4,2 . 1996 - "A3" - . "4", 1994 . 1595 2771 3 90-193 .., "" "" (Avant). "6", 1997 4- 6- 1781 2771 3 110 193 .. "" "A8/S8", V8 3697 4172 3 230-340 .. "" .
4. Volkswagen
30- (Ferdinand Porsche) 4- "" (Zundapp) (NSU). 1934 . , "" (Volkswagen, VW), " ". 1935-1936 , . "-" (Daimler-Benz) 30 , .
1938 "" , . "-38" (VW-38) 985 3. - "" (KdF) - " " (Kraft durch Freude). . 1939 , "-82" "-166". "-87" .
. 1945 1293 , 754 "". 1947 "", - , . , 1972 , , "".
"-1200" 1955 "-" (Karmann-Ghia), : "", "" . 1961 "-1500" , "-".
1965 "" "-" "" (Audi), "-", VAG. (SEAT) "" (Skoda).
1968 VW-411 1679 3. . 1969 , , "" , "-70". 1594 1795 3. 1969-1975 "" (Porsche) "--914" 4- 6- 1679 1991 3. 1970 VW-181 , . 1979 - "" (lltis).
"" "" (Passat), 1973 . 1297 1588 3. "" (Scirocco) 3- 1093 1588 3, 3- 5- "" (Golf). 30 1 "", "" . 1979 "", .
1975 " " "" - "" (Polo), "-50" 895-1272 3. "" "". "" "" (Derby).
1981 "" "" , "" "" (Santana), 5- 19943.
1980 "" "" (Jetta) 4- . 1992- ( "" ), "" (Vento). 1988-1995 3- "" (Corrado), "".
1998 "" : "", "", "", "" "" (Sharan).
"" 1994 . - 3- 5- , " " (Classic) 5- "" (Variant). - 4- 1,0-1,9 50-101 ..
"" 1997- 3- 5- . "" 1993 . " " (Syncro) 2,0- 2,9- . "" 4-, 5- 6- 1,4-2,9 60-190 ..
"" 4- 6- 1,6-2,8 75-174 .. "" 1996 . , 1988 , "" "4" "6". "" . "" 5- "" 4-, 5- 6- 1,6-2,8 90-193 .. "" "" .
"" (Sharan) 1995 5-7- , - . 1,9-2,8 90-174 ..
"" , , , . "" (Gol), "" (Parati) "", "" "" .
"1,61" "" 1,6- 44 .., 1998 "" (Beetle) "", "".
5. Ford
. (Henry Ford), , , . 1892 , (Edison) , . , . 4 , . 24 1903 " " (Ford Motor Company).
" " 2- , "", "" "F". , , "" "" 4- 6- . : . "N" 4- 15 .., . - "-", 1908- - 1927 . 15 . 2- , .
, , , , . "-" , " ". 1914 "-" . , . , "-", "". "" 3-- , . 1929 "-" , , . 16 . 1980 " " (Escort).
1932 "-" , "", "V8", , , 8- V- . , , , " V8" 3622 3 .
30- , , , . , "" 5 ( 1931 1932 ) . , , 1932 "" "Y" . 993 3, 1934 - "" 1172 3, "". " " " ʸ" (Koeln) "" (Eifel). , "V8" "" (Rheinland) "" 4- . " V8" "" (Matford), 1947 " " (Pilot).
" V8" 1942 . 1949- , , . 1952- "" 6- 3654 3, 1964 . 1954- V8 3917 3. 1955 : , , . 2- "-" (Thunderbird), . "" .
, 1957 "" (Custom), "-300", "" (Fairlane) "-500" 4457 5113 3. 1964- " " (Mustang) . 2- 6- , V8. "" "" .
50-60- "", , . , 4- 1,0-1,6 . "" (Taunus) " " (Anglia), "" (Cortina). "-105" . 1954 " " (Vedette) 2,2- V8 , (SIMCA). 1967- "-" (Ford-Europe), . 1968 "" (Escort) "" (Capri). 1976 "" (Fiesta) "" , "- 12/15" 60- , 1974- "" . "-" , , . "" "" (Mazda).
1978 " " (Maverick) "" (Fairmont) . "-1600" . 80- "" . "" , : . "", 1980 , 13 . "-" (Sierra) "" (Tempo) 1982 , .
"" " ". 1985 "" (Taurus), 1996-. 1991 " " (Crown Victoria), "" (Explorer) "" (Expedition), "" (Aerostar) "" (Windstar). , "" (1990 ), "" (Scorpio) (1994-) "" (1995-). "" (Mondeo), 1993 . 1996- "", 97- - "" (Puma).
1.6 Toyota
" " (Toyoda Automatic Loom Works) . 1935 5- " -1" . 1937 " " (Toyota Motor Company). "", "" (Airflow) "" (Chrysler) 1934 . "" 6- 3389 3 65 .., " " (Chevrolet Six) 1933 . 1943 .
(1947 ) "-SA" (Toyopet) 27- 995 3 . 1949 , . 1951 " " (Land Cruiser). 1955 , "" 10 , "" (Crown) 1453 3. 1957 "" (Corona) 995-1453 3. 1960 " " (Crown Sport) 1,5- 72- . "" (Publica) 2- 697 3.
1962 "" . 25 , 2- 3 . "" (Corolla) 1966-. 2- 3845 4- 1087 3 60 .. "2000GT" 6- 1988 3. "" (Century) 3,0- V8. "" 4-- 1166; 1407 1588 3, "-" 1858 3, "" V8 2599 3. 1969 "".
1970 "-GT" (Celica) 1588 3 "" (Carina) 1407 1588 3. 1972 "" 10- ( "" 3 . ). "" (Cressida) 4- 6- 1968 2563 3.
"" "" (Starlet) . "" "". 1979 "" "" (1166 1290 3) "" (1588 1968 3), "" (Tercel), "" (1588 1968 3) "" (1968 3). "" "" 6- 2563 3 4- 2188 3.
, "" 1980- 3 . , , : "", "" (Corsa), "", "", "" (Sprinter), "" "". 1982 "" (Camry), 4- V6 2506 3. 1984 "" " " (General Motors) "" (Ford). "MR2" . "" 1,6-2,0 . 1988 " " 185 .. "" (Previa). 80- "" .
90- 70- . 1991 "" "", 4- "" (Paseo) 4- 1497 3, 1996 . 1992 "", 2-, 3-, 4- 5-- , 1332 1975 3. 1993 "", 1762-1998 3. "" "" 4- 5- , 3- "" (Supra) 3- - 330 ..
1996 "", 5- 6- () "" (Picnic), 1998 3 128 .. "", 1995 , "" (Soluna). 8- "", 4- 2,4- 132 .., . 1998 "" "" (Avensis), ( ).
"" . " ", 3- 5- 5-8 2694 4477 3 215 .. "-" (4-Runner), , 1995 2694-3378 3, 125-185 .. 1994 RAV-4 . 3- 5- 2- 129 165 .. "" .
30 - "" "". 4 , 5 () 5 . 1997 1998 (). "" (Spacio), "" (Sienna) "" (Raum), " " "100" "" (Harrier), "" "", "" 5- V12. "" (Prius) - , - 41 .., 58 .. , . 40 . "" .
, "" , "-" (Lexus). . "", 1988 , - "LS400" 4- V8, "" (Celsior). 1997- "LS400" 294 ..
"" , "". , "ES300" "" "" 3- V6 . "GS300" "GS400" ( 1997 ) 3- 4- " " (Aristo). "SC300" "SC400" - " " (Soarer).
"RX300" "LX470" ( 1997 ) "" " " "100". 3- V6 223 .., - 4,7- "" 234 ..
. 10-12 . , - 400 . . - 60% , .
, , : ; ; , . .
. , . : , , , , , , .
.. .-: , 1997
.. . .: , 1998
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