,,,
20.
,
- |
|
, |
|
005 |
|
- 8262 |
|
010 |
|||
015 |
|
||
020 |
Æ60Æ327 Æ87.66/Æ66 . Æ60 . , , Æ327 . . |
141 |
|
025 |
Æ87,66/Æ327. Æ87,66 . |
141 |
|
030 |
=10js9 . |
- 7512 |
|
035 |
|
||
040 |
Æ 60/Æ327 , Æ87,66/Æ60 Æ60, Æ87,66 . |
141 |
|
045 |
Æ87,66/Æ327 |
141 |
. |
050 |
|||
055 |
35 (m=2,5) |
523 |
|
060 |
|
||
065 |
Æ60/Æ327 Æ327 |
|
|
070 |
Æ87,66/Æ327 |
3740 |
|
075 |
35 (m=2,5) |
5870 |
|
080 |
|
|
|
085 |
|
||
090 |
|
堠
:
1. . , .
2. ( , )
3. .
4. .
5. , ( ), (, , ).
6. .
7. . 5.
8. , :
). ;
). ;
). . 5.
). ;
.). ;
). .
, , . . Ÿ , .
: , , , , , , ..
, .
:
蠠 45 ( 1050-74)
s 610 ࠠ
200
, , . - .
:
7829-70
. , - . , . , .
, .. , .. .
, .. , .. .
, .. , , , , , , ., , , , , .
; , , .
. 1 (. 1, ) ( . 1 ).
, .1 . .
, - Z0
Z0=Z1+d1+Z2+d2+Z3
( ) :
B1=B6+Z3+d2+Z2+d1+Z1=B6+Z0
1. 1.
:
B1 - ( ) ;
B2 B3 - ;
B4 B5 - , ;
B6 B7 - , ;
Z1 d1 - ࠠ ;
Z2 d2 - , ;
Z3 d3 - ;
A1 - ;
A2 A3, A4 A5, A6 A7 - , . , B6 - , . .
.
:
B4 = B6 +Z3 + d2
B2 = B6 +Z3 +d2 + Z2 + d1 = B6 + Z1
, , ().
() B1 , . .
|
. |
. |
|
|
0,5 |
1 - 2 |
:
Æ86,66 + 1,4 + 1,0
= Æ
7417 - 75 Æ
㠠
45 :
, 0 : 1250 ,
700
- .
- .
.
.
C |
Si |
Mn |
Cr |
S |
P |
Cu |
Ni |
As |
|||||
|
|||||||||||||
0,42¸0,50 |
0,17¸0,37 |
0,50¸0,80 |
0,25 |
0,04 |
0,035 |
0,25 |
0,25 |
0,08 |
|||||
- - , , , , , , , , , .
:
- Æ 90 Æ60
- Æ
B = 10jr 9;
( . . . ..) :
) 161 :
-
24
12,5 - 1600 /
ࠠ 24 :
- 0,08 - 1,9 /
- 0,04 -0,95 /
- 4
Ġ - 0,75
- 150 -.
, , .
- 510, - 45, () :
B ´ H = 16 ´25
-
:
j = 600 g1
= - 50 a = 120 =
0,6젠 R =
j1 = 150 g = 15 0 t = 00 B = 2,5젠 r = 1
-
:
)
2675 - 80; 7100 - 0005;
)
31. 1066.02 - 85; 7112 - 1458;
) . - 2135 :
-
-
- 12
- 31,5 - 1400 / - 9
- 0,1 ¸ 1,6 /
- 40 -/
- 1500 -
- 4
- 0,8;
18: 2092 - 77 2301 - 4157;
: 14904 - 80 7200 - 0213;
) : - 7510 :
- 10000 -
-
-
-
- 1¸9 /
- 17
- 0,9;
: 24820 - 81;
() : 14.904 - 80 7200 - 0213;
) :
- , . ( , , ).
:
-
D1 max=
-
D min =
- Lmax =
- Lmin =
( ) - 5
: .
- 1
166 - 80
:
|
- |
- 18 |
|
18 ¸
0,01 0,012 150 |
10 ¸
0,01 0,012 130 |
- 2 - 034 - 544 - 81 - 1 :
1 - 8;
20
-
蠠 6
1. .
.
- . 45;
s = 61 -/ 2 ;
- 510, , - 90 .
- - 1 61
Æ
1) . :
2 , i = 7, i - , ;
2. : - 0,4 / 1 61:
S = 0,08 ¸ 1,9 /
Z = 24 ( )
Smax = Smin ´ jz - 1 ;
;
:
S10 = S1 ´ j 9 = 0,08 ´ 1,15 9 =
S11 = S10 ´ j = 0,28 ´ 1,15 = 0,32 /
S12 = S11 ´ j = 0,32 ´ 1,15 = 0,368 /
S13
= S12 ´ j = 0,368 ´ 1,15 =
:
Sp = S12 =
3) . :
,
Kv - ,
;
- , .
- .
510 = 0.65; (. 2)
= , :
= 90 . = 0.92 (. 3)
= ,
(. 4) = 1.0
:
=
- ;
- ( = 90 )
- 5, S > 0.3;
;
4. ;
, D - .
;
161
= 12.5 /;
= 1600 /
Z = 24 ( )
= ´ ;
.
5. :
;
:
t = 1.98 .
Sp = S12 = 0.368 /
= 116 /
= = 422 /
6. , :
,
- ,
- , . 6
= 0.89 (s = 61 -/2)
- (. 7)
= 1.0; (j = 450);
= ´ = 0.89 ´ 1.0 = 0.89;
8
-;
;
-, =17.14 -
- .
7. N;
8. .
= 0.75
.
,
- ; N=4 ( )
9. ()
L - .
L = l + l1 + l2,
l
- ; l =
l1 -
l1
= t ´
ctgj = 1.98
´
ctg450 =
l2 - ;
l2
= (2¸3)
S = 2 ´
0.37 =
i = 7 ( )
L
= l + l1 + l2
= 12 + 1.98 + 0.74 =
.
() : 010
- . - 45: s = 61 -/2;
2135; - 18; Æ 30
1. :
2. : S = 0.02 ´ = 0.02 ´ 30 = 0.6 /;
2135;
S = 0.1 ¸ 1.6 /; Z =9;
S = 0.6, .. 0.1 < S < 1.6
:
Smax = jz-1 ´ Smin;
S2 = 0.1 ´ 1.42 = 0.142 /
S3 = 0.142 ´ 1.42 = 0.202 /
S4 = 0.202 ´ 1.42 = 0.286 /
S5 = 0.286 ´ 1.42 = 0.406 /
S6 = 0.406 ´ 1.42 = 0.577 /
S7 = 0.577 ´ 1.42 = 0.820 /
Sp = S6 = 0.577 /
3 .
堠
v = KLv ´ KMv ´ KHv - .
KLv - , . 9 KLv = 1.0;
KMv - .
; a = 0.9 (. 10)
s = 61; ;
KMv - .
KMv = 1.0;
v = KLv ´ KMv ´ KMv = 1.0 ´ 1.14 ´ 1.0 = 1.14;
. 11 S > 0.2;
Cv = 9.8; bv = 0.4; Xv = 0; Yv = 0.7; m = 0.2;
/;
4.
nmin = 31.5 /;
nmax = 1400 /;
Z = 12;
nmax = nmin ´ jz-1
:
n2 = n1 ´ j = 31.5 ´ 1.41 = 44.42 /;
n3 = n2 ´ j = 44.4 ´ 1.41 = 62.62 /;
n4 = n3 ´ j = 62.6 ´ 1.41 = 88.3 /;
n5 = n4 ´ j = 88.3 ´ 1.41 = 124.5 /;
n6 = n5 ´ j = 124.5 ´ 1.41 = 175.6 /;
n7 = n6 ´ j = 175.6 ´ 1.41 = 247.5 /;
n8 = n7 ´ j = 247.5 ´ 1.41 = 349.0 /;
np = n7 = 247.5 /
5. .
:
S = 0.6 /;
V = 23.31 /;
n = 247.5 /;
6. :
0 = ´ DZp ´ Syp ´ KMp
6 Mp = 0.89: . 12 :
= 51; Zp = 1.4; Yp = 0.8,
0 = 51 ´ 301.4 ´ 0.60.8 ´ 0.89 = 51 ´ 116.9 ´ 0.665 ´ 0.89 = 352.8 -;
= 1500 -;
0 < 0 ;
7.
;
. 12 = 40; = 2.0; Y = 0.8;
= 40 ´ 302.0 ´ 0.60.8 ´ 0.89 = 8.54 - ´ ;
= 40 - ´ ;
8. .
h = 0.8 ( )
9.
- .
10.
L - .
;
l - ( ) l =
l1 - ;
l2 - ;
l1 + l2
= 0.4 ´D = 0.4 ´ 30 =
() ()
- , .
.
, , . , , . , , , (), ...
: .
() :
- () ();
- () ();
- : (); () ().
, , , , , . - , . , .
, .
18438-73; 7150-0421
;
F = 200 ;
l - ; l =
- ; =10.98 ;
a - ; ;
- ; ;
-
-;
() .
20. , - , 005
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