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..
, "" , , .. , " , " [1]. 19921998 1 . : " , " "?" "" , [2]. , , "" . "" . , , , "" .
" " [3]. , , : (, ""); ; , . , . " ", . , .
:
1. : , , ;
2. - : , ; ;
3. - : , ; , ( 1994 .);
4. ( 1998 .): , ; , ;
5. : , ;
6. - : ; , , ;
7. : ; , ; ; , ; , ( 1998 .); ( 1998 .);
8. : ( ): , , ; , "", ; , , ;
9. : ; ; , " "; ;
10. : , ( 1993 .); , ( 1994 .);
2 . , , "" , . 1992 1998 . (, , , , , , ), , , . , , - ( ) , "" , , . , , - (. 1).
1
1992 | 1998 | ||
- | , | 36 | 16 |
13 | 16 | ||
36 | 16 | ||
- | 36 | 16 | |
- |
" "
|
710 13 13 |
16 67 67 |
|
36
|
16 89 89 |
|
- | 710 | 78 | |
910 | |||
"" ""
|
710 1113 1113 |
911 1113 1113 |
|
|
710 1113 |
911 1316 |
|
|
|
1316 1316 |
|
- |
" "
|
1417 1417 |
17 1316 |
"" | 1113 |
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. 3 . 1992 , , 1997 1998 . " ". .
. , 1994 " " (, , , ). 1997 , , 85%, 1998 91% (. 2).
2
, , %
, : |
1992 |
1992 |
1993 |
1993 |
1993 |
1994 |
1994 |
1997 |
1998 |
75 | 76 | 74 | 72 | 77 | 78 | 76 | 85 | 91 | |
71 | 71 | 66 | 67 | 77 | 71 | 70 | 71 | 84 | |
" " | 47 | 46 | 44 | 39 | 49 | 49 | 44 | 54 | 52 |
49 | 42 | 38 | 36 | 38 | 39 | 34 | 50 | 63 | |
(, , ) | 73 | 75 | 71 | 76 | 75 | 80 | 80 | 83 | 92 |
" ". , , - . 46% 1992 52% 1998. (" "), . , . , , , , [5]. , .
( ), , , , - . , , , .. , .
, 1998 : , , , , ( 81%, 78%). , , ( 1993 . 75%, 1998 . 92%).
, [6], , , , , , . "" - 1993 , - . " " . , . "" "", , " ", . , " ", " ".
, " ". "". , , . "" .. [7]. , 2 " ?", , : " , , , , , , , , ".
, 1994 , , " , " 56% 68% 1998 . : , , . , .
" , ", "" (), (, ), : . "" , , , . , . , , "" . " " ", [7]. , ( . ), .
( " ") . " " - . .. , , , " ", " ", [7]. , , " ". , " ". , , , . , , " , , " [1].
. . . . . , - . - 1993 - , . , " ".
.
1. 1992 1992 . . , 1989-1990 , . , , , " ".
2. 1992 , 1993 . . (. 3).
3
, %
1992 |
1993 |
1993 |
1992 |
1993 |
1993 |
|
, , | 76 | 74 | 72 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
, | 85 | 77 | 82 | 3 | 7 | 7 |
, | 83 | 77 | 82 | 3 | 7 | 6 |
, | 82 | 71 | 76 | 4 | 8 | 10 |
76 | 74 | 72 | 5 | 7 | 11 | |
, , | 75 | 71 | 76 | 6 | 10 | 8 |
, | 79 | 71 | 77 | 4 | 8 | 9 |
71 | 66 | 67 | 6 | 9 | 12 | |
71 | 65 | 66 | 7 | 10 | 13 | |
, | 68 | 61 | 63 | 8 | 13 | 15 |
, " ", | 68 | 59 | 60 | 10 | 16 | 17 |
, , | 59 | 52 | 52 | 12 | 18 | 19 |
, "", | 59 | 55 | 53 | 17 | 18 | 22 |
, | 69 | 51 | 49 | 14 | 20 | 25 |
, , , | 59 | 55 | 49 | 13 | 16 | 26 |
, , , . , , . , . , .
3. 1993 1994 . . 1993 . . , , , . , , (, , ..). "" , 1993 , , (77%). .. , , . , 1993 [8]. . , 1992 , " ", 1993 , . . 1994 , . , "" , .. (" ") . , , . 1993 , , , , 1994 .
, , 1993 : , - . -, , , , , . , : , -, .
4. 1997 1998 . . . , (, 1998 ), . 1998 . , . ( ).
. .. , , , [8]. , . . , . , " " [9]. , , , . , , , , , 1998 , .
, . , , . .. [8], (. 4).
4
1992 | - , | - | ||
1993 | " ", | , | "" |
" " "" |
1993 1994 | , , , , | , |
; " " |
|
19971998 | , , | ( ), , | , , , , | , , |
- , , "". , , . , . . , , - .
(, , ) . , , , , , . -, "" , . ( ), , - , , . , , - . .
, , , . : . "" "" . , . "-" " ". , , , .
1 2 . , 3%.
2 " ", "" "", " ", " ".
3 " ...", " " [4].
.. : // : .1997. N 2. . 9.
/ . ... : - , 1994.
Hogg M. A., Abrams D. Social identifications. A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. London: Routledge, 1988.
.. (80-90- ) // . 1995. N 1.
., .., .., .. 90- . .: , 1996. . 309.
Smith A. National dentity. London: Penguin Books, 1991.
: 90- / . .. . .: . 1993.
.. // .1995. N 2.
Luhmann N. Trust and power. Chichester: John Wiley. 1979. P. 90.
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