. , , ,

,,,

..

XX . . , , . , , . , , .

, , .. , . , . 1940- , , , . .

. ; , , . , , , .

:

, 1940- 1950- , , , , , , 1. , 1960- : , c (1963), 1965 . , 1952 . 2 , 1971 ., 3.

1970- , , , . () (1937 1945). , , . , 1940- , , . , , , . , , , 1946 1947 . 4.

1980- 1990- , . , , , , , . . . , , , 5.

, . , , . . , . 1990- , , , .

, , . , .., , . , , . , . ; , . , , .

, . , , , , . , , , . .

, , , , , . , . , , . , , , , .

, , , XX ., , . , , .. , . , XX . , , . , 6.

, , . , , , , . : , , . , . , . , , , .

1960 1970- , . , , , , , 7. , , , , , , 8. , , , . - , , .

. ( ), ? , , . , - , 1936 1947 . ; , . , , - 9.

, , . , , , , , . , , , , . , 10.

, XX . , , . , ( ), , , . , , , , XX ., , .

, , , . , ( ) 1945 . , , , , 1949 . , , 1946 1950 . .

, , , 1945 1950 ., : , , , . . , , . , , , , , 11.

, , , 1937 . , 1945 ., , , , . , , . , , 12.

, , 1945 . , . , , . , , . , . 1945 ., , , 13.

, , . , - - , . Ÿ , , , , . . , , 14.

, . , , . , , , , , 1945 ., , , , , .

1945 1948 . , . , , , , , , . , . , , , , - , . , , , 15.

1946 . . , , , . , , 1946 1947 . , , 1948 . . , . 1948 ., , , .

, - , , 1947 . , , . , , , , , , , . , , ; 1946 ., , .

, ? Ÿ , , . , , , , .

, . , , , , , . , : , , , , . , , . , , 1947 1948 . 16.

, , . 1948 ., . , , , , - (). , , - - , , , . , , , , , .

. , , 1946 1947 . , , , , , , . , , , , , ( ), . , , 1947 ., , , . , , , .

, , . , . : . , , , - , , . , , , .

, , , . , , 1948 . , , , , . . , . , , , , , . , 1940- , , , .

- , - . , , , . , , , , , , , , . , , , . , , , , , , . , , .

, . . , , , , , , . . , . 1940- .

. , , , . , , , . , . , , , , . .

XX ., , : , . , , , . , , , . 1940- , , 50 , . , , , , , .

Strong. The Chinese conquer China. Garden City. (N.Y.), 1949; Belden. China shakes the world. N.Y., 1949; Jacoby, White. Thunder out of China. N.Y., 1946; Forman. Blunder in Asia. N.Y., 1950; Utley. The China story: How we lost 400 000 000 allies. Chicago, 1951. , , : Snow E. Red star over China. L., 1968 [1937].

Tang Tsou. America's failure in China, 1941 - 1950. Chicago, 1963; Chassin L. The communist conquest of China: A history of the civil war, 1945 - 1949 / Transl. By T. Osato and L. Gelas. Cambridge (MA), 1965. : La conquete de la Chine par Mao Tse-Tung, 1945 - 1949. P., 1952.

Bianco L. Origins of the Chinese revolution, 1915-1949 / Transl. by M.Bell. Stanford (CA), 1971.

"Peasant nationalism and communist power: The emergence of revolutionary China, 1937-1945" (Stanford (CA), 1962) . , , 1970- , - , .: Selden M. The Yenan way in revolutionary China. Cambridge (MA), 1971; Tetsuya Kataoka. Resistance and revolution in China. Berkeley (CA), 1974. .: Hartford ., Goldstein S.M. Introduction: Perspectives on the Chinese communist revolution // Single sparks: China's rural revolution. Armonk (N.Y.), 1989; Eastman L. The abortive revolution: China under nationalist rule, 1927-1937. Cambridge. (MA), 1974; Idem. Seeds of destruction: China in war and revolution, 1937-1949. Stanford (CA), 1984; Pepper S. Civil war in China: The political struggle, 1945-1949. Berkeley (CA), 1978. Rev. ed. Lanham (MD), 1999.

.: New perspectives on the Chinese revolution / Ed. T. Saich. H. van den Ven. Armonk (N.Y.), 1994. : Chen Yung-fa. Making revolution: The communist movement in East and Central China, 1937 - 1945. Berkeley (CA), 1986; Won O.Y.K. Mobilizing the masses: Building revolution in Henan. Stanford (CA). 1994; Thaxton R.A.. Jr. Salt of the Earth: The political origins of peasant protest and communist revolution in China. Berkeley (CA), 1997. : Perry EJ. Rebels and revolutionaries in North China, 1845-1945. Stanford (CA), 1980; Duara P. Culture, power and the state: Rural North China, 1900 - 1942. Stanford (CA), 1988. , 1980- .: Dang de wenxian mulu suoyin: [- Dang de wenxian]. Beijing, 1988. Dang de wenxian [ ] - .

, , 1980- ( ), .: Theorizing revolutions / Ed. I. Foran. L., 1997; Halliday F. Revolution and world politics: The rise and fall of the Sixth Great Power. L., 1999.

. - . . "China in Revolution: The Yenan way revisited" (Armonk (N.Y.), 1995), , .: Apter D.E., Saich T. Revolutionary discourse in Mao's Republic. Cambridge (MA), 1994. - - : Engendering China: Women, culture and the state / Ed. Ch.K. Gilmartin et al. Cambridge (MA), 1994 (Harvard Contemporary China Ser.; 10); Wasserstrom J. Student protests in twentieth century China: The view from Shanghai. Stanford (CA), 1991.

. -, : Hsiung J.C., Levine SJ. China's bitter victory: The war with Japan, 1937 - 1945. Armonk (N.Y.), 1992.

Teiwes F.C., Sun W. From a Leninist to charismatic party: The CCP's changing leadership, 1937 - 1945 // New perspectives on the Chinese communist revolution.

. , : Apter D. Discourse as power: Yan'an and the Chinese revolution // New perspectives on the Chinese communist revolution.

.: Hsiung J.C., Levine S.I. China's bitter victory.

: Eastman L. Seeds of destruction.

.: Westad O.A. Cold war and revolution: Soviet-American rivalry and the origins of the Chinese civil war, 1944 - 1946. N.Y., 1993.

Ibid.

(.: Bianco L. Conflict and resistance in twentieth century China // Chinese Stud. Hist. 2000. Vol. 33. N 2. P. 1 - 91.).

.: Chen Yung-fa, Wou ., Benton G. Mountain fires: the Red Army's three-year war in South China, 1934 - 1938. Berkeley (CA), 1992; Benton G. New fourth army: Communist resistance along the Yangtze and the Huai, 1938-1941. Berkeley (CA), 1999; Levine S.I. Anvil of victory: the communist revolution in Manchuria, 1945 - 1948. N.Y., 1987; Keating P.B. Two revolutions: Village reconstruction and the cooperative movement in Northern Shaanxi, 1934 - 1945. Stanford (CA), 1997; Hartford KJ. Step by step: Reform, resistance and revolution in Chin-Ch'a-Chi border region, 1937-1945: Ph.D. diss. Stanfrod (CA), 1980; Paulson D.M. War and revolution in North China: the Shandong base area, 1937 - 1945: Ph.D. diss. Stanfrod (CA), 1982.

http://www.historia.ru/

.. XX .

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :