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, , (), (). [1,4]. (, , .), (-, , , .) ( , ..).
(. 1) , . (. 1, 1), (. 1). , : , ( ), , [2,4].
, (j;k). j k - , ( ) . , . 1 3 z4 z5. , , . , 1 ([3], .63). , . , - . . 1 ( ) 3 . (1;2) (v12=2 v12=1). 1 3 ( 1) 4. 1 1 2, ( yz, ). - (. 1) 4 6 .
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(j;k) j k. ( ) ( ). , . () (. 1, 3), ( 1), , (. 1). . 2 ( .)
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4.
4.1. N . , (, ..) , [2], . , , .
( )- , ( ) , p = n + 1, , n . , (. [3], . 65). . ; , (. 3 4).
N
N = p n (1)
(1) N = 1, ; N > 1, ; N < 1 . (1) () , . , (.5), (2;4) 2 4 z4 z8.
, .
4.2. R . , ( ) . , (.3) ( j4, j5, j6, j7) , R=3:
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2) -
3) - 4-
, vå , R = (vå 1). R () . , -, R=2, : , , . () R (2) , . . R
R=6 c㠠 (3)
c , . , - c=4 ( : ), (. 2 ) c=2 ( y xy). 6- , :
1) , R=1 ( -, - );
2) , R=2 (, , );
3) , R=3 ( -, , , - );
4) , R=4 ( - ;
5) , R=5 ( -, - );
6) , R=6 ( -, - )
4.3. W . , .. , . ( ) . ([3], .79) . (j;k), . -, -,, (.2).
:
(4)
堠 - ,
Rå - N , , Rå= R1+ R2++ RN;
v () . , 12 (.1) 2 (.3) 3, . , .
- . (, , ..), , . ( ) , . 4 (.1) 7 (.5). .1. z1/z2 2 , z3/z4 , z5/z6 z7/z8 , z9/z10, z11 z12 , . Q 3 2, , z11, z12 . n=7, p=14, N=7, =1 ( ), v=0 W = ( 14 + 7 ) + 1 7 × 3 = 1 ( , Rj=3).
(4) :
W = vS - Rj - v (5)
=0, .. . , 4 (. 1) , N = 6 4 = 2 ( ).
5. .
5.1. . i12, (j2, S2) 2 (j1, S1) 1 (jj , Sj j). i12 :
w1, w2, V1, V2 1 2.
, i12 Sjk , ( ) 2 ( ) 1. S12 :
( n ), i1n 1 n :
(6)
. , Sjk , x S1n :
(7)
5.2. () . . , , j1 , j2 j2=i12j1, i12=const, ; i12¹const, . .
3 , S12 i12. .3 .
:
(7)
D - , D = Vmax/Vmin ; Vmax, Vmin ( ) .
5.3. . ([3, .74]), , (, ). iP1, iP2 SP1, SP2, , . - .
5.4. . ( 1 n , , n 1). , , . . , , , , (, ) . , , (), () ( ) . , - ( ) . i1n=1/in1 , ( ) 1 n in1 () n 1. , .
5.5. . ( ) - . : ( ), ( ), . , ( ..), (. [3, .66,67]).
xj DX , DX=xmax/ xmin, xmax , xmin . xj , ( ), ( ) .
6.
6.1. - -.
1. 1 1 (.3) 7 7. :
2-, 3 4 , 5- ,
6- lx , 7- (), 0- .
2. n=7; p=11, (v12, v34, v67).
vΣ = 8 × 1 + 3 × 2 = 14.
3. N = 11 7 = 4 (- 0, 1, 2, 3; - 0, 3, 4; 4- 0, 4, 5, 6; - 0, 6, 7). ( ): R1=R2= R3= R4= 3
4. (2) W=14-4×3-1=1. v0=1 2 v23 3.
5. , - .
6. , .
7. , - .
8. , lx 6 7, 1 .
6.2. (. 4)
1. 0 1, 4 2, 3 , 6 , 7 . : 1-, 2- , , 3 5 .
2. n=7, =10 ( v12), vS=9×1+1×2=11.
3. N = 10 7 = 3. 3 : 1-2 (R1=3) , 3-4 5-6 (R2=R3=2).
4. W = 11 (3 + 2 × 2) = 4, 4-: (2, 4, 6) 1, 2, 3, 1,3,5, (7) ( ) .
5. , , ( ) ( , - , ).
. 3
. 4.
6.3. (. 5)
1. 1 3, 7. 1 7 z1/z2 , 2 5 6, . 5 6 7. ( 3) z3/z4, z8/z5, z5/z7 z8/z6, z6/z7.
2. n=7, =14 ( , ); (2;4) vå=(141)+6=19
3. N=13-7=6 ( Rj=3)
4. W=19+16×3=2. =1 .
5. , , .
. 5. : 1, 2
, 1 z1, 2-
z2, 3- z3, 4-
z4 z8, 5 6 , ,
7- z7; (2;4) , v24=1.
7.
7.1. (. 20, 21) 20 (. . 4). 1 .7.2. (. .6). 2 , (.1 2).
7.2. :
1) .
2) , , vjk. 3 . 1 2 [3, .62-65].
3) .
4)
- n ,
- vå,
- (1) N , .
- (4) W .
5) , , .
( 2) , ,
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8.
1. .
2. . .
3. ? .
4. . . .
5. () . .
6. .
7. ? ?
8. ?
9. ?
10. ? .
11. : , , , , , ?
9.
1. / . ...-.:, 1965.
2. .. .-.:, 1970.
3. .. .-:, 1974.
4. .., .. .-:, 1999.
5. .. . .-: , 1991.
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