. , , ,

,,,

n- n>2 —

-

: n- , n>2

:

:

2007


6

:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


. , , - . . , , .

. , , .

: .

:

   ;

   ;

   ;

   .


- , ( 1758 ).

31 1730 27 1783 .

1763 , 1768 .

, . , , ( . ) , m n mn .

1848 , 1764 1769 . , : , . .

, .

n- x x-a x=a. ( a , .. .)

, .

1.         , , . , 1/x x=0; 1/(x2-25) x=5 x=-5.

, . .

2.         , , , . , , , . . .

(1-x) * . x=1 , . , x=1 .

Lim [(1-x) * ] = Lim =1/2.

x→1 x→1

, x=1 (1-x) * . , ½, , .

f(x) n- x (x-a) q(x), R. , q(x) (n-1)- x, R , .. x.

R x, , . , R x .

( )

f(x) =(x-a)q(x)+R.

x, , x=a.

x a, :

f(a)=(a-a)q(a)+R. (1)

f(a) f(x), .. x, x=a. q(a) q(x) x=a.

R , , R x .

(a-a)q(a) , (a-a) , q(a) . ( q(x) x .)

(1) :

f(a)=R,

.


1.

f(x) (ax+b)

x=-b/a, .. R=f(-b/a).

:

:

f(x)= (ax+b)*q(x)+R.

x=-b/a:

f(-b/a)=(a(-b/a)+b)q(-b/a)+R=R. , R=f(-b/a),

.

2:

a f(x), (x-a) .

:

f(x) (x-a) f(a), a f(x), , f(a)=0, .

, f(x)=0 f, ( ).

3:

f(x) a1, a2 , ,an , (x-a1)(x-an) .


:

. n=1 2. , k, , f(x)

(x-a1)(x-a2)(x-ak), a1, a2,, ak - .

f(x) (k+1) . a1, a2, ak,, (ak+1) , , , (x-a1)(x-ak), ,

f(x)=(x-a1)(x-ak)q(x).

(ak+1) f(x), ..

f(ak+1) = 0.

, x (ak+1), :

f(ak+1)=(ak+1-a1)(ak+1-ak)q(ak+1)=0.

(ak+1) a1,, ak, (ak+1-a1),, (ak+1-ak) 0. , q(ak+1), .. (ak+1) q(x). 2 , q(x) (x-ak+1) .

q(x)=(x-ak+1)q1(x),

f(x)=(x-a1)(x-ak)q(x)=(x-a1)(x-ak)(x-ak+1)q1(x).

, f(x) (x-a1)(x-ak+1) .

, , k=1, n=k , n=k+1. , , .


4:

n n .

:

: f(x) n n - n+k (a1, a2,..., an+k - ), 3 (x-a1)...(x-an+k), (n+k), .

, , n , n , .

5:

f(x) a (f(x)-f(a)) (x-a).

:

f(x) - n, a - .

f(x) : f(x)=(x-a)q(x)+R, q(x) - , f(x) (x-a), R - f(x) (x-a).

:

R=f(a), ..

f(x)=(x-a)q(x)+f(a).

f(x)-f(a)=(x-a)q(x),

(f(x)-f(a))

(x-a), .


6:

a f(x) , f(x) (x-a) .

:

.

1. .

a - f(x), 2 f(x) (x-a) .

f(x) (x-a) , a f(x), .. .

2. .

f(x) (x-a),

R=0, R - f(x) (x-a), R=f(a), , f(a)=0, , a f(x).

, f(x) (x-a) , a f(x).

f(x) (x-a) , a f(x), .

7:

, , .

:

: , f(x)

(xa):

f(x)=(xa)q(x),

(xa), 6 a f(x), . , , , , .

.

, :

      ;

      (a);

      (x-a);

      ;

      .

1

x33x2+6x5

x2.

:

R=f(2)=233*22+6*25=3.

: R=3.

2

a x4+ax3+3x24x4 x2?

: R=f(2)=16+8a+128 4=8a+16.

R=0, 8a+16=0, a=-2.

: a=-2.

3

a b ax3+bx273x+102 x25x+6 ?

: x25x+6=(x2)(x3).

x2 x3 , x2 x3, , :

R1=f(2)=8a+4b146+102=8a+4b44=0

R2=f(3)=27a+9b219+102=27a+9b-117=0

:

8a+4b44=0 2a+b=11

27a+9b117=0 3a+b=13

: a=2, b=7.

: a=2, b=7.

4.

a b x4+ax39x2+11x+b

x22x+1?

: x2 2x + 1 = (x 1)2

x1 , :

R1=f(1)=1+a9+11+b=a+b+3=0.

x1:

_ x4+ax39x2+11xa3 x1

x4x3 x3+(a+1)x2+(a8)x+(a+3)

_(a+1)x39x2

(a+1)x3(a + 1)x2

_(a8)x2+11x

(a8)x2(a8)x

_(a+3)xa3

(a+3)xa3

0

x3+(a+1)x2+(a8)x+(a+3) (x1) ,

R2=f(1)=1+(a+1)*1+(a8)*1+a+3=3a3=0.

:

a + b + 3 = 0 a + b =-3

3a 3 = 0 a = 1

: a=1, b=-4

: a=1, b=-4.

5

f(x)=x4+4x25.

1 f(x), , 2 f(x) (x1) :

f(x)/(x1)=x3+x2+5x+5, f(x)=(x1)(x3+x2+5x+5).

x3+x2+5x+5 x=-1 , , 2 x3+x2+5x+5 (x+1) :

_x4+4x25 x1 _x3+x2+5x+5 x+1

x4x3 x3+x2+5x+5 x3+x2 x2 +5

_x3+4x2 _5x+5

x3x2 5x+5

_5x25 0

5x25x

_5x5

5x5

0

(x3+x2+5x+5)/(x+1)=x2+5, x3+x2+5x+5=(x+1)(x2+5).

f(x)=(x1)(x+1)(x2+5).

7 (x2+5) , .. , f(x) .

: x4+4x25=(x1)(x+1)(x2+5).

6

f(x)=x4+324.

f(x) , .. x4 -324, , 7 f(x) .

: .

7

, 4 2 -2.

3, f(x) 4 2 -2, (x4)2(x+2), :

f(x)/(x4)2(x+2)=q(x), ..

f(x)=(x4)2(x+2)q(x),

f(x)=(x28x+16)(x+2)q(x),

f(x)=(x38x2+16x+2x216x+32)q(x),

f(x)=(x36x2+32)q(x).

(x36x2+32) - , f(x) , , Q(x) . Q(x)=1, f(x)=x36x2+32.

: x36x2+32.

8

x4+3x3-13x2-9x+30=0.

301; 2, 3, 5, 6, 10.

(x-2)(x3+5x2-3x-15)=0

(x-2)(x+5)(x2-3)=0

_x4+3x3-13x2-9x+30 x-2

x4-2x3 x3+5x2-3x-15

_5x3-13x2

5x3-10x2

_-3x2-9x

-3x2+6x

_-15x+30

-15x+30

0

: x1=2, x2=-5, x3,4=.

9

x6+x5-7x4-5x3+16x2+6x-12=0.

, , 4 6 .

-12 1; 2; 3; 4; 6; 12.

_x6+x5-7x4-5x3+16x2+6x-12 x-1

x6-x5 x5+2x4-5x3-10x2+6x+12

_2x5-7x4

2x5-7x4

_-5x4-5x3

-5x4+5x3

_-10x3+16x2 _x5+2x4-5x3-10x2+6x+12 x+2

-10x3-10x2 x5+2x4 x4-5x2+6

_6x2+6x _ -5x3-10x2

6x2-6x -5x3-10x2

_12x-12 _ 6x+12

12x-12 6x+12

0 0

x6+x5-7x4-5x3+16x2+6x-12=(x-1)(x5+2x4-5x3-10x2+6x+12)=0

x6+x5-7x4-5x3+16x2+6x-12=(x-1)(x+2)(x4-5x2+6)=0

x4-5x2+6=0 , x1,2=, x3,4=.

: x1,2=, x3,4=, x5=1, x6=-2.

10

x3-5x2+8x-6=0.

-6 1; 2; 3; 6.

_x3-5x2+8x-6 x-3

x3-3x2 x2-2x+2

_-2x2+8x

-2x2+6x

_2x-6

2x-6

0

x3-5x2+8x-6=(x2-2x+2)(x-3)=0

x2-2x+2=0 , , .. D<0.

: x=3.

11

6x3+11x2-3x-2=0.

-2 1; 2.

_6x3+11x2-3x-2 x+2

6x3+12x2 6x2-x-1

_-x2-3x

-x2-2x

_-x-2

-x-2

0

6x3+11x2-3x-2=(6x2-x-1)(x+2)=0

6x2-x-1=0 , x1=½, x2=-⅓.

: x1=½, x2=-⅓, x3=-2.


- , .

, . , , , , , .. , , .

.


1.         .., .. .

2.         .. ( ) .

3.         ..

4.         .., .. .

5.         .., - .., - .. .

6.         .. .

7.         Internet

- : n- , n&gt;2 : :

 

 

 

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