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2008

Coepae

 

eee

1. e poccco aop epea

2. ope e eeoo epe-peao

3. ec epe

4. ee peaoo eca epe

5. aooo-paooe pepoae epoo ooeco eeoc

aee

 


 eee

o xopoo peca copeeoe cocoe opaa ce, o eoo paccope cop ooe epe. Ce ao oce coa epcoax oepo caa e x oee c e oea opae e . oeo, epeoca ao oo cooa ee oce opa, ae a ae e, epoap, ce, o ex cax, oa peec oepaoc aeoc epea, cpeca e oxo. apep, ce, opc, epc, e eoo oe. o aae 60-x oo aepace ee, paoae oac oepx exoo, oo poee: a oe ece ecoo oepo x ooaee. a aaa poea oa cecopo oep o paeca CA, oopoe oe 60-x oo peo oaa aco oo cepeao oepo ce. a ce a peea Aeco epcex cceoa CA (Advanced Research Project Agency) oa aae ARPANET. e poe o ce 2 ap 1969 oa.

oa, ca a oo pa ce ARPANET cao coae ceex poooo, a eo ceeca poooo TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). pooo - o coeo poa oe aex oepo. a opao, ARPANET caa peca coo coocopoc acpa (backbone), oecea ec c e a (xoca). aae co xoco o eeo, ceo 213. cepee 80-x oo aoa a o (NSF) coa ecoo cepoepx epo, pacooex pax acx CA. op ao o oeee x o acpa ce NSFNET oee e peoax epo. Ce NSFNET aa eco ARPANET, oop oe poa. apaeo coaac aoae ce px cpaax. 90- oa o oec: a opao o ceo epe. ae cpae epe oc cpaeo eao. pa ce pec a 1995-1996 . o oo o cao c xoo ce oepaoo cce Windows 95, aeo poae oee acpo. a ceo e epe oce ao. oe ocaoo e ae pe a:

-  pa cao cpoco, epe oopoe oaec ce (oe, ceea apa);

-  pa poaepa, . e. p, oopo a a pao ce;

-  poec eoxoe acpo cao cooecee popaoe oeceee.

a opao, epe pecae coo coooc ox c oepx cee, oeex o oa ce.


 1. e poccco aop epea

epe e, a paccapa epe c ooeco o pe, eoxoo pec cacece ae oeca ooaee epe a ocee o.

pee ceo, eoxoo opee, o oaec o "aope epea". cex ooaee ce oo pae a p ocoe aeop acoc o oo, acoo aco o co epe:

-  ae ooae - ocea epe a o a e;

-  epee ooae - ocea epe o x o pex pa ee;

-  eae ooae - ocea epe o pa ee pee.

poe oo, cceoax aop epea pec o:

-  eeea (eecoa) aop - oeco ooaee, cox epe cpee e pee ooo paa c;

-  eeeea aop - oeco ooaee, cox epe e pee ooo paa ee;

-  eeeca aop - oeco ooaee, cox epe e pee ooo paa ec.

aa 2007 oa o oe poccco aop epea oc cex e:

eee co epe coec epaoepo. ap a cepep pocccx epe-poeo pxoc a paoee pe, ocoeo a epo c 12 o 15 aco o ococo pee. epe-poaep pe cea ap o (e e a oo oc epe) ce cox oea ap a oopoae. e e eee, aaa epaoepoc coxpaec. Pacpeeee aop epea o pee co ( poeax o coo aop):

pe 0-3 aca 4-6 aco 7-9 aco 10-12 aco 13-15 aco 16-18 aco 19-21 ac 22-24 aca
o aop % 3% 6% 25% 32% 27% 21% 22% 10%

Oa ca peae 100%, oco eoope ooae co epe eee ecox epoo, paccopex ae.

a pae, ocooe oeco ooaee epea cocpeooeo px cpex opoax. eca cece o (ooo 20% o oeo oeca pocccx ooaee) coca e oc.

ae eaoae opac ooaee epe. eopa ce a 2007 o:

 

2. ope e eeoo epe-peao

o ceac aec, o epe-peaa cepe oppe c eeoo. a cao ee ope opoc e. a epe CA ceac pxoc ooo 1% eo pea C, o oe, e a ap pea, o ao a, o a pea CA oa e co a pea cpeco. oe, pep, oce SuperBowl. o a eoaa o aepaco o, peaa o pe pac oopoo - caa opoa eeoa peaa pe: o o a coa ooo 5,4 . oapo. e e eee, p a eo peao epe-oa, cee o ca, aepoe, coxpac.

Ceac opoc paoop o epao eee (oe oa ea aae 90-x oo oaa peae epeocoo a ocex e). eo o, o pacpocpaee epea CA paec ocaooc (oc oe oeex ooaee ooo 37% o oeo ca). eac oe cooa epea: eoe c ooo "pa p", oco e - oce ocaoo opooo epoa aoo oa cepo a - ca cooa epe copee a pao cpe oca opa. aece cpeca paee epe e co ( ee e, aepoe, e e coe) ae eeee accoo aop - oo epe pee co ao oeeoc, oe o eeopa, oop ooe eae cee accoc cocpeooeoc. Oe oe eepopa e apaee oaoe epc, ooe, pep, aa oe eo apaeo o eee pooo o - c epceo oe po. a "epaae" popa ceac paoa o ce pe aee ce (ee - oe o poo eee - ec oooc oa opa ca o pe).

 

3. ec epe

O ax pepe coco pa acc ca pee ec, opaae cpe po cooc ocox pep oo oo ceopa oo. ceoc oa, paoax cepe paooo eca (ooee poaa ex, oa oex coaex, x epepaoa ..) oeaec eco S&P 500 Index ($SPX). Cocoe oa, eeoc oopx caa c co exoo, opaae NASDAQ Composite Index ($COMPX). ceo paac oa, ec oopx ca c epeo epe-exoo, oeae ec AMEX Inter@ctive Week Internet Index ($IIX). aex eca $IIX opaac cex pa pce oe eeoc 50 ex epe-oa pa, cpe oopx Amazon.com, America Online, BroadVision, DoubleClick, eBay, Excite, Macromedia, Yahoo.

Poc ca ooaee ce epe, oee ce ox pao, a eeepea, ocex epe, cex oa AOL, Amazon eBay e o, o ecop p epe a oe epce opac. epe o oe ec.

A epe-oa oe pooo ea oc epx c eepoo oo copoc. pep, poc pca a oa Yahoo (YHOO) c 1997 o 1999 o coca +7500%, o ce ec 1997 o ee a a $1000, o oe 1999 oa o co $76000.

Poc cooc epe-oa e a coo poc cooc oa, aecoax cepe cox exoo. ae pc a epe-oa e oe epac oo, aae 2000 oa aaec x aee, oopoe aaaec epae 2001 oa. Cooc oo a Yahoo a 19 a 2001 oa cocaa $19.5 o cocae +580% o cpae c 1997 oo +0% o c 1998 oo. ae opoca 1338 ooaee ce epe ooceo x acooo coco, poeeoo acoo oae MONEY ca-pacco po epoo aaa Rosewood Capital, oaa, o 80% opoex epe-ecopo e e eee e 10%, ca xo 29% oepx e. ae o oo cea ecaaoo? ce e oa. epe o-pee e pacp coe e a a , o o e e ec a po, o co cepxaoa aoa. epe c o poo po, cooc epe-oa eep e copee ace o x acox oaaee, ee o paeoc epe-ec.

epee cece 2 apae epoo oep. o ec--eca (business-to-business, B2B) ec--opee (business-to-consumer, B2C). o ac o oopoa cocae B2B ceop, a o ac o oceaeoc - B2C. opoae o OOPOA e oaae opoa o P, o o p oe cpaa e, a a e B2B ceope ac p, oopa oea aoap cooa epea, a cpeca oa, eooo. Pee px oa ec ce pace c ocaa epe epe "a ae" aeo ea oopo e-commerce. pep, oopo General Motors coca 87 apo oapo, oope eep o aaa epoo oep. Oao oopo cecoa o oo, poco eep x ooc e-commerce ooc x oopoa, oc aoap epe e.

o pae ceopa B2B cpeae oeco pec. apep, General Motors, Ford DaimlerChrysler AG coa opo oao opo oa aooo cp, o aae Covisint. oaa paa coo ee aca ap oapo. Oao, ecop a o, o oa pc a ooee oo poea e o, oa o Covisint e opaae ooex a ee ae. apa a ee oepae aoo e, e apa a a e cpp o-ae - e pacxo a coepae cooapoaoo epcoaa a oepae paoococoo coco "cox exoo". Ocoa e coaee ao oa - caappoa oe ee eca, coco oee ocao oaee, a ae opao paa. ce o oo oo oa o ae oo.

A a ce o ecopa, oop xoe o e paac epe-oa ooo opo? eo poc oopoo epoo oep a eee ca oa, eax a epe epe. peaoc oa ea a ex e ocao, c oop o paoa o oo, o ec eee oopoo e-commerce a e caec a ee ca eo oo epe-oa.

Paoa oa epe epe cxoa c paoo popopax aoapoax cce, oope paax oo oa oo pa aa pooco. aec opopa pooa pao coe ccee, oo x ae, a a o peoe oc aca ceeo opoo oa.

epoaae apa a coae opacex epe-oao oe e, o peaa ao oa ooe ep caocoeo paea aa ce a xoo x coe, paoa c aa ax ocaa a opao oa eoxo opa o aacax po a caax. ae oca, e oee cac aa, oe oepao ocea aac apepa, coepeeo x oo. ooe pep oo a o cepe aoec e oa.

acoee pe peee oa ec pace c ocaa epe epe epe e cae, o oae oco copoc oca opa.

B2C (business-to-consumer) ceop - eo oco cocae epoa poa opo. epee paoae ooe co epox aao, peaax po cep oapo c.

epe pa.

oa oe pccoa epee ecox opax: epoa a apoa, epo aao, epo aa, opoe epe-cce.

epoa a apoa pecae coo ecoo cpa c opae o oa ee eeoc. Ocoa oooo caa - peoca oooc oeao e oaoc c ca oa, aaoo oo ec-cpao peao oe. epoa a apoa ec ca pacpocpae o pcc eoo cpeeo eca Ce aoap coe o cooc. Coae epoo o apo ococx e-cx oxoc 300-1500 oapo CA, a oepae - 30-150 oapo ec (ec aee pacxo a oepae a ce xoc oc epe). a coae apo oa copee -a ee peca, ee ee ca eo. oceaeoc ao apo ac o ca eo oa oac ee eeoc. a, ec oa poae oepe oee, o epooc ocee caa co ea ee e, ee oa, poae cecoxoce ex.

oee coepeo opo oppoa ea ec epo aao c opoo opa o oapax cax, a aco - c aae ex e. o opo o pacpocpaeoc pcc oa Ce, oc ocoo oa cpeeo eca. Coae epooo aaoa e oxoc 1000-3000 oapo. oepae - o 100 o 400 oapo ec. epoe aao oa, o cpae c epo apoa, e ac pe oeaoo oae a co ca p co paoo pecpa ocox cepepax ceapoax ceex epeocx aaoax.

epo aa ooe e oo pa oap c, o oop aa coep o epe epe. Papaoa epooo aaa - o cea ca pa epooo aaoa. Cooc eo papao ac o acao o oo, ae cce epox aee cooac. oco epox aao Pocc ooe e e cce epox aee, a oa pa a epe pepa, ocaeo oap , p pacee e opaa, caee cea o ac. Cooc papao epe-aaa - o 5000 oapo. Cooc oepa - o 1000 oapo ec. ao oe, o epo aa ec o ooe paoo aa e e eo, o oopoo aa, o oo e xo opaaoo o cpp aaa, a cece a eo pa a.

aoe, opoa epe-ccea oee oo eoe epe-aa pao aa c oe cceo oc, pae oap aaca, apeo p coca paooo eca. opoo epe-ccee ec-poecc, poxoe epoo aae, eppc ec-poecc, poxoe paoo aae. Papaoa popaoo oecee e co o 20000 oapo. oepae - o 4000 oapo ec.

Ec coaee ooc pa aa, o coaee opo epe-cce. o a, o opae e ac eca epeoce Ce, a back-office, o ec cpe o a eo cocae eca paooo aaa, coxpaee e ce. aeoc ax aao axoc o coee. oe, pep, ca p epe-aa Amazon.com, axoc a eco ece cpe cax oceaex pecpco (19 oo eoe ec). a epe oa eeoc oa Amazon.com coaa eco ec a ceceo pacpa accope peaaeo opee po. aa c poa oa-co, oa epea aee pacpocpae eoacce, pox eoco, pe, ceooo oo epo ae aaa poo epe-ao. poe oo, ocece ec ece opoe ap epe-eca, ae a pets.com drugstore.com. C oa cep 1999 . oa peocae pao p aaa poaa co oap a cae Amazon.com paax apepco popa. Amazon.com caa aco coo oo oo: apeoe cceoa oaa, o 101 o aepae a opo ap. eeoc oa a oapaea co oaaee poo aaa - 75 apo oapo a cepe op 2005 oa. p o Amazon oa e o p. a oce o ea a Amazon.com aa c 85 o 18 oapo a a. ee o Amazon.com ape o 1300 copo, o cocae ooo 15% ceo epcoaa.

oe pao aa coee, e paoo? a ao ao oe ( eee ) - oeee aaa eo epe epe c ocao a o e ae aae? oeo ae aae, e oee o o axoc o opoe oo. C peea epo eoxooc o e caoe - o oo ec ceac, a e oa x oca. eep paccop ca c oo exo. a o a ep. oeee, cae, p opo ep epo, e oe ooe pecaee o o, o ceac ec poae o a ea, a ae coee paccpoc poao o ococax eocaax o o oe oee epe-aa e oa ee, oea o e o xapaepca, a o ee? aoee epcee epe-aa - o e, oope op pacxo aepaa oco ex. Poe cop oco, e oc epe o o aaa aae app pep opo a, o epe-aa aa a o oap c ocao. Oao o ceope ope e epe-aaa oe ea, a a epe-ooae oe oe. o ec, ceo oap epe-aae, o e oaeo o po oap e e ce pa.

Coae epe-aao oea co ecopa cpo x oaeoc 5-6 e. oo, o oco x oc ocee 3 oa, poep o ee e aoc. acoee pe oco epe-aao ca acoe ape.

 

4. ee peaoo eca epe

o aaa ae cooo eca $IIX epee cecoaa opa cxea apaaa ee. Coaec eoop epec opeee opao ca, a eo pa cocoa peac ocee (e oe, e e), a ae pecpc apaaae e a ce paeaeo pea, ao cpoc a ee co copo epe-oa, oepaex aa ecopa, oo. epe-oa epecoac e coo aece xapaepca aop cx cao, coo oeco oceee. oe epe-pecpc o ocaoo eoxo cecoa oo a ce paeaeo a x caax pea ox poeo px epe-oa.

o o e oee oa aa aaoc aee eca $IIX, ecop aa ocoaa, o opoe ec epe e opaac, po co pa, oco epe-oa oo. ec ca peo copaac, a cooeceo, ae peo copaac pacxo a epe-pea. ce o peo o, o ope epe-pecpc epeca ce oa a ce pea, cece eo aaac paec oceeca pecppa epe-oa, copaee ao, oc px coo oxoa, o poa oa x a.

e e eee, e ce a pao, a aec. ce ae a oooc epe-pea aae opaa ae e cpe ec. epoa oep Pocc pooae paac, xo c epee cexo. Cpoc a epe-pea o cepe eca coxpaec.

epe-oa peae epe-aeca ce ee pxoa Pe ee px aax "oa"-peaoaee (pooee oapo accooo opee. a po epe-pea Pocc e opa ae pe apee "oa"-peae aeca. Oao ae cae ope poccce ca cecoa oo a ce pea, a oaae paa, e o.

cea paa ec ce. Ec p coa epe-pecpca peoaaee ocoo oxo oa o pea, o eoxoo a eocop a: ec pae peaoae ocoo opaa ae a oecee oaae (oceaeoc pecpca), o eep a opee c aecee oaae. p coa epe-pecpca acoee pe eoxoo eo peca, a eo aop copaeec pea, acoo oa oe epeca oeax peaoaee.

 

5. aooo-paooe pepoae epoo ooeco eeoc

c o c oao, eepaoao opaoo cpeo, ee oao oco, oepa ce epe pecae coo ea cpe ee ooeco, o ce pepaeco, eeoc c cooae ox opaox exoo. p o aece ocoo ece ocp ooecoo oeaa oppeoc aco oe ooo, epooo ceea poo oo po (pooo xoca) cae oooc epeoca ocox eeo pooceo-coo eo oca xocex poecco (o ec pa a oex pooc, opace oo, a pepx poecco paax ce oo cpa, p cpa oo po ex peoo) epo ooec pec cpe, op pee peaoo pee (on-line). p coa, peaa, pooco, aa cp, ocecee aee, ocaa oapo ocecee c o ocecc epo cocoo epe oa opao acpa ce epe copee c e ceae ace ce. Ceac aa cee aoaa poecca ee p oo caoc pao, o o pep eocppe opo oea ce epe pa epoo oep. Cepa aopo pa aoo poecca ec cooc pepoa opoco paooo, aoeoo, aoooo oo xapaepa ooe ax ceo, a ae opoco opaoo eoacoc a pa a eea coceoc.

a ceo e e cece e oo apaoao pao pax cpaax pa pa pepoa aooooe epoo ooeco eeoc, o ax cceoa ao poe eop acooo aoooo paa. ece c e epe oc aoo po pa a oeca, oop peoaae ee epexo o caopa ocapceo pepoa. a, apep, eee oopo o peaa oapo, pao c oo poccco ceee ce epe coca, o eoop oea, e o o oapo CA.

Poccco eepa, a ocpax ocapcax, peee poe aooooe peao ooeco eeoc, oceceo c cooae oao oepo ce epe ( epoo oep, a ee oa e apee ooc), ocoec e, o ecee acooe, paacoe aooaeco Pocc, a ae aooaeco o aoax copax opepoao a pepoae paox paoooe. oo p cooa aece cpea ee p oax oepx cee oco op eceo pocccoo aooaeca oaac epe.

e e a ax aax e pcoac op e pa x ecx ocp ooo ooecoo poopa. oppa poa epoa ooa ( epooa) - o p, oopo cec epoe ce aao ax ooecx aeop, a eee cpeca, ec, opo, aoca acoa eeoc (a), ape, cae oaeca, peaa, ape, ooe poe.

ce o oocpe aaoc aa copee papao aeaoo o ooec pea pocccoo aooaeca, ep oepe aoooo, aocoo, acooo opaooo. Oeeco, o ocoooaa coe eoc pee paa aece peopa ex x oecex ooe c opeeeoc oa a o, epo co, cocax oco ceea oecex ooe, oeaeo pepoa. peeo aoo paoooe o oepaec, acoc, e, o opa o cax, ox epax, coex aoo oeco Poccco eepa, oeea papaoa epo ac aoooo oeca .1 Paea I (Oe ooe).

Occe ao epooeco oco, a ae eocaoa oa cceoaoc aoo opoca peco ae caoc o cepex cepax aopo a papao opao-paoo a ooecx ooe, oppxc opaox cpeax oao oepo ce epe, eo oaoo pa aao p oecex ooe. a ceo e ooecoe coaoe aee oaoo pa epooo ceea poccco oo e ae ax coe. Oao acoee pe cpe ex ceaco e eoo e o o, ae oac eoeeco eeoc cee a oe "epoa oep". aa ep o pooe peee caaa apex, a ae pocccx cpecax accoo opa oex paecx paoax ooco. Oao cooae aoo epa aece aooo p papaoe ao pocccoo aooaeca cepe pepoa ( o ce aooo-paooo pepoa) epooo ceea poccco oo pecaec eopaa cecex eocao aaoo epa, o oopx pe oe aee. aece aea ocpao ooeco ep "epoa oep" oo peo oe "epoa ooeca eeoc, ocecea c cooae oao oepo ce epe".

p o cee a, o a ceo e poeccoaoe oae ooeco eeoc, oceceo c cooae ce epe pa ceaca ( o ce pca), ooeo apec a opeee epoo oep aece coooc ec, apaex a eee p, a poecc ocece pea oopx e pacpocpaec ece pocccx (a ax px) aoo. opaoe (aoe) oae ooeco eeoc, oceceo c cooae oao oepo ce epe, ee e aeaeo opa ocapceoo pepoa ao ooeco eeoc caoe pea aooooe ee peao poccc aoo pao, ecoo, pee ceecoo (epaoo) opeee. aoe poaoe opeeee oo, o ae e, c aece paeooo a ocapceo o cepe epoo ooeco eeoc aooo o p papaoe ao aooaeca (acooo, aoooo, opaooo), oopx apee ocoe p eoce opep ao o.

a ceo e oaa oepa ce epe paec e cceoaa c o pe peco ce ooe, oax c c ee cecoae paec peee. oo oepax opeee o, coex epee, a eo oaac, oa e.

a, ape poccc cceoae-ooca oe epoo oep ae ceo pacpaec epe ae opeee, a "epo oe a" (p aopo aece coa co ep "epo oeooopo"), "epo epeo eex cpec" "epoa opo". eoecx paecx paoax ooco opeeee o "epoa oep", a pao, ce opao: epoa oep pecae coo ooec poecc oea oapa ca a ae cecx apepcx ce c oo epox cpec oa.

co oepe, ceac Poccco accoa oeao epoc (A) peaa ceee opeeee o epoo oep: epoa oep, epooe eee eca, pecae coo cep eoo eeoc, a epo oeooopo, epo cce aee epo opo. Cee oe, o oee aop paccapa ep "epooe eee eca" aece aea (coa) o ooe o "epoa oep". p o o epo oeo a (oea) (electronic data inter - change, EDI), a pao, oaec oe eo oea (a, a aa a o, pee opo, aae a pae oap cea-ap) e oep popaa pax oa caappoao ope. Oo epo oe oea coec p ee e c ocaa.

a opao, o epo oeooopoo oco cceoaee oa epeeee oepo ce epe cpppoao opa, coaaeo eppepeo o opeee paa. co oepe, o epo epeoo eex cpec, a pao, oaec ccea, opa epoe ae epeo ee o ae ac ce ce epe e aa, o epeo eex cpec, pe c epaa, eeoa aoo oce (e ce), ocece ocpeco epea cp ooo acoo pee, acaxc eeoa peoa cea ooae, epeo ee c ooo aocoo cea a po c cooae cpec epooo oeooopoa. o epoo opoe, a pao, oac ce - poa, coepee c cooae cpec epooo oeooopoa, coooc ec, apaex a x aee. Oao p o oee aop ca o "epoa oep" "epoa opo" ae (pa o oe).

a , o o eoxooc copeeo papee poe ao papao a epoo cepe oao oepo ce epe oee. Eoopaoe ooae ocox o co paccapaeo cepe eoxoo a ee e aeaeo opa ocapceoo pepoa aoo ceea oo caoe pea aooooe ooecx peao pepaeco eeoc, a c o pe pa eop acooo aoooo paa.

c c pecaec oo peo ce oxo opeee o epoo ooeco eeoc.

a o oaao, oe "epoa oep" aco opeec ooeco epape cpecax accoo opa, oao, o-epx, e ee eoo oepaoo opeee (o ec e ee pecoo coepa pao paec ooeco eop a pae), , o-opx, epce pee aoo epa aece pecoo o, opeeeo ao-o (coooc o) eeoc, oceceo c cooae ce epe (o ec epoo ope), pecac cop, o ee epe, o ce oco ocoeca.

C oo copo, a o, p papaoe p paacoo oeca Poccco eepa aooae pao oaac o cooa epa "oep" opeee eeoc, apaeo a eee p. ooae aooo o cepe ecex cax c x eecex ooe, a ocoe oopoo o oo cpoc paooe pepoae, oe o paacoo opooo aooaeca oca apex cpa oeao cce paa, poccco paaco aooaece coec oe "pepaeca eeoc" pooe o eo paoe ocp (pepaeca eeoc, paa e opaoa pecoo a, ecocoeoc (apoco) aoo pepae, eaooe pepaeco, pepaece pc ..).

C po copo, caoee eoo ocapceoo pepoa Poccco eepa cex ex ooec xapaep o eeoc, ocecex c cooae oao oepo ce epe ec a (paaa Poccco eepa, a ae a e paaca ocpa paaa - aoo peea Poccco eepa), a ae opaa (poccc pec a coa Poccco eepa aa (pecaeca) ocpax pecx , oa px opopax opaoa, oaax paaco paococooc, coax cooec c aooaeco apex cpa, a pao poccc aa pecaeca eapox opaa), o ce ee opeee opa pee cea ao eeoc op pocccoo aooaeca o aoax copax, o, e eooo a ocoe paox ocp, aece ecx eeo oopx c, pep, o "oep", "epoa oep" (a pao, ae, coeoe poccc paac pao opeeee "pepaeca eeoc"), a a oeae pepoa oecee ooe cepe cooa oao oepo ce epe coepa a pepaece, a eoepece ooe, eco cae c pepaec, a a, oe cooo o apopo oe pe o "pepaeca eeoc, ocecea c cooae oao oepo ce epe".

cxo eoeoo, pecaec eecoopa aece pecoo aea apeoo ooecoo epa "epoa oep" peo oe "epoa ooeca eeoc" (ooeca eeoc, ocecea epoo ope c cooae oao oepo ce epe).

o acaec ocox po, aa, oope o ooe oco oe ocapceoo pepoa oecex ooe, oppxc cepe cooa oao oepo ce epe, o ec oe ooaa peaae a epepoa oxo. Oae poop a aaex ecx x eoo ocapceoo pepoa cepe cooa oao ce o pa opaooo (eooecoo) ooecoo ceeo oecex ooe. o oaae, o op ex x po eoo aoo pepoa eoxoo ca acoc o a oeax pepoa ooe. co oepe, ocoe e, eo cpe paooo pepoa opaooo ( eooeco eo ac) ceea oecex ooe, oppxc poecce cooa oao oepo ce epe, a pecaec, o ca peeo ceaoo cceoa paax a opaooo paa. e paooo pepoa ooecx ooe, cecx paaxc pao pocpace, - oppoae ooecoo oo opa.

Ooa oee coopae, oee o. peaaec ce papee epooecx poe caoe aooo-paooo pepoa ooe ooecoo xapaepa, oppxc poecce cooa oax oepx cee, o oop ep oepe oae ce epe. pecaec, o o epoo ooeco eeoc, oceceo c cooae oao oepo ce epe, cee oa pepaec eeoc, a ae eco ca c e epepaec eeoc (, e apee aoo ooec eeoc), ocece pao oo, epoo ope c cooae copeex oaox cpec opaoo cpee oao oepo ce epe.

peeoe opeeee oo ca epooeco ocoo aepaec aco oe papao cce ocapceoo aooo-paooo ( eo - oepaooo) pepoa ooecx ooe, oppxc poecce cooa oao oepo ce epe.


 aee

o ox cpaax aeee pacpee oca epe pec coo cooc c c o pacpocpaeoc epcoax oepo - a a paoe, a oa. o-o, ae aopo, oop e cpoa e poc epea, ec ope a pe oca opa. pao aa c ecc ae co eeee, ca eco pooo ecpooo c. oo oa, o ap a c c e aa -a ope.

Caec, o epeo oe pacpocpaee execx oec, cax c pacpocpaee opa, acae, oa o pea epec 10% acee. o cae c oeceoc aae po oeoe ae. eo o poecc pocxo ceac cpaax Ceepo Epo. a ox pax aop ooaee epea caoc oee "pepeeao" - e paaec coooee e oee poo caoc pecae pae opace p.

Ocoo pepae epea opao cce eo ec ae poopeoe pae epoo oep. a ep c, oaaee o epe, coac ce oee coepee cce poee oepecx acox oepa x oepe. Oao o ce pecaa o oocc c oo ocopooc. oa cceoaecx oa e pecaaa p poc epea, ecop a o, o eoxoa oo exoo e oo cecoaa ecoaa eee 20 e. Xo o e coeaec, o co ooaee epea e pooa pac. o, pep, ope ce oa, ooae epeo oo ea copaaec. Paooae opaa pe oca Ce cox copo, oco oo o oe ac pac c. ce e oa cceoaecx oa e pecaae eee opoc epea.

C oee paepo ce pecpc epea ca eo oc poo . eo c oo pee ca eco paac oe online c. Caaa oaoc, o Ce cpo pepac eco poa "pox oapo", ax a a epoe ae. Oao oe copo coc, o oa coepeo e opaac. Ce oaaoc opao oee ecao pacpocpa opa, e opaa oc e e, o oo a o a. o e acaec "pox poo", apep, , o epe ca oapo ao cp. eep o opoco oe ca a cae co oe CD, a o po eoe a eo ape oe paca a e copoa ec, aee aopc paa.

Oopeeo c epe pepac epa o opoe opeec oapa. Opo oe poa oa-co oa a pe aca "eepao" papaaa cpae opo Ce. Oao paa p online oac o ox. Cpaa e caoc a eo, o oa pxoc opoc a oaee p cocoa.

o acaec acc-ea, o paox C - ae eaee - ce ee ocaoo pee o xoa co coe poe online. x opooe peeco coco coec pe ooaee, epeco coepa eo ece ccee pooca. O ae ocoa, o opaoa online po poc p, xo a epo ae o opeoac ec epee. o oa ae, o oo, o o p eocaoo ooo oe Ce oa oceee caa peaoaee. cex oe pec oo oeee c, c oep.

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8. axeec cae // po. 2002. 16. C.65.

9. http://www.oborot.ru

10. ep . a cea ec Internet: ep. c a. - 3-e . - .; .; C.: aea, 1998.

11. http://www.oz. by/dengi/poluchenie.html

12. oe . epoa oep. .: "Pcca pea", 2008.

13. Oap A. epoa oep a opoe 3D // E-Commerce World. 2006. 5 - 6.

14. http://moneybyweb.com/money.html

15. http://www.bolero.ru/person-106139.html

16. Ceaeo E. epoa oep Pocc. Ocoe opoc. // Xoco pao. - . 2005. 12.

17. eee A.A. "epoa oep (epoa ooeca eeoc): paooe pepoae aooooee", 2002, aeco "pop"

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