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FTP (File Transfer Protocol ) . 7 FTP. , FTP-pecypca : ftp://ftp.netscape.com

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WAIS Wide-Area Information Servers. . WAIS , . . WAIS. , . , , . , .

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WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) 1997 Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia Phone.corn ( Unwired Planet) , , , , .

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OSI ()

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(ISO) . ISO (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Intra-Domain Routing Exchange Protocol (IS-IS)) ISO 10589. ISO IS-IS .3S3.3 (ANSI), . ISO, , ISO 9542 (End System to Intermediate System, ES-IS - - ) ISO 10747 (IS-IS Inter-Domain Routing Protocol, IDRP - ).

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1 OSI

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Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) - OSI , SNMP Net View, ES ( ES).

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File Transfer, Access, and Management (FTAM) , - . , FTAM , FTAM , NetWare Novell, Inc Network File System (NFS) Sun Microsystems, Inc.

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3 OSI

(ISO) . ISO (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Intra-Domain Routing Exchange Protocol (IS-IS)) ISO 10589. ISO IS-IS .3S3.3 (ANSI), . ISO, , ISO 9542 (End System to Intermediate System, ES-IS - - ) ISO 10747 (IS-IS Inter-Domain Routing Protocol, IDRP - ).

IS-IS , Digital Equipment Corporation Phase V DECnet. IS-IS CLNP ISO, CLNP, IP. IS-IS Integrated IS-IS (); Dual IS-IS ().

OSI . " " (end system - ES) , ; " " (intermediate system-IS) . OSI ES-IS ( ES IS ) IS-IS ( IS). OSI:

Area () , .

Domain () . , .

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Level 2 routing Ma 1.

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ES-IS

ES-IS , . ES-IS ES IS . (configuration). .. , ES, ES-IS .

ES-IS :

Point-to-point subnetworks . . .

Broadcast subnetworks . . Ethernet IEEE 802.3.

General-topology subnetworks . . , - n . .25.

. ES (Es hello messages - ESHs) ES IS . IS (IS hello messages - ISH) IS ES . , .

ES-IS . ES-IS IS . IS , . ES-IS - .

ES-IS , . OSI (NSAP), 3 4, (NET), OSI IS. OSI ( - subnetwork point of attachment - SNPA) , ES IS - . SNPA , . Ethernet, , SNPA 48- (). , ES-IS, NSAP SNPA NET SNPA.

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IS-IS () , . (delay) . (expense) , . (error) .

IS-IS (quality-of-service - QOS) CLNP. , IS-IS .

IS-IS :

IS-IS hello packets - IS-IS

Link state packets (LSPs) -

Sequence numbers packets (SNPs) -

IS-IS . 8- , . . , .

.

IS-IS (protocol identifier), IS-IS. (131).

(header length). . 8 , , IS-IS CLNP.

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Routing information base (RIB) . , IDRP. BIS RIB , RD BIS. RIB , - BIS.

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